(1) The characteristic of morning exercises in kindergartens is 1, which is rich in content and varied in forms. Reflect "live"! According to children's age characteristics and movement development, the arrangement of morning exercises not only includes basic exercises, but also includes changing team types, dancing, games, relaxing and tidying up. The content of the game fully embodies health, seasonality and originality. The forms are changeable, and the team types take various forms such as collective, group and free combination. 2. The game is changeable and creative. Reflect "fun"! By playing roles, teachers and children participate in the game together, and the plot is lively and interesting, which reflects the "fun" of morning exercises. 3. There are many kinds of ancient folk songs. Reflect "new"! Make use of local folk songs, skillfully mediate, enhance the atmosphere of morning exercises, and make children more interested in morning exercises. Reflect the "new" of morning exercises.
(2) Design principles of morning exercises.
In order to consider the relationship between morning exercises and children's physical fitness, the relationship between morning exercises and children's interest in participating in sports, the handling of morning exercises and sports, and so on. When designing and arranging morning exercises, we should pay attention to the following principles: 1, develop physical fitness. Combine morning exercises, physical education class and sports meeting organically into children's physical exercise, so as to achieve that morning exercises are one of the basic means of children's physical exercise in the semester and serve the teaching purpose of children's physical development in the semester. 2. The amount of exercise is appropriate. The amount of exercise is reflected in the intensity and density of exercise. Generally speaking, the average intensity of children's morning exercises is 140. At the peak of exercise, the heart rate can reach 150 ~ 170, and the relaxation stage is 100 ~ 120. The child's heart rate will be measured five minutes after the end of morning exercises. The exercise density of morning exercises is normally above 80%, because the equal division time of morning exercises is less. And morning exercises are not physical education class, nor are they physical training. They require children to complete full-body activities and exercises in a short time to prepare for a good start in kindergarten life. Teachers can generally judge whether exercise is appropriate simply by the facial expression and sweating degree of children after morning exercise. If the amount of exercise is too large, the teacher needs to adjust the morning exercises. 3. Exercise should be reasonable. Exercise Festival is the main part of morning exercises, and it is a reminder for children to start the day. After doing morning exercises, the children have various activities. Sometimes, children will do morning exercises before breakfast, and it is required that they can easily start the day's activities after doing morning exercises. This requires the arrangement of morning exercises to be reasonable. Generally, there are 6~ 10 exercises in morning exercises, 6 exercises in small classes, 6~8 exercises in middle classes and 8~ 10 exercises in large classes. In terms of rhythm, small classes use 2/8 beats, middle classes use 3/8 beats, and large classes use 4/8 beats. 4. Music choice. The choice of music should be aesthetic. Music has a direct impact on children's activity and exercise, so attention should be paid to the choice of music. Generally, it is more appropriate to choose lively and lively music for morning exercises. Generally speaking, one of the skills of music selection is: exercise first, music later, music with morning exercises, not morning exercises with music. Using music, we can establish a musical image and artistic conception, help and stimulate children's willingness to participate in sports and morning exercises, and achieve the purpose of happy sports under the background of music. 5. Equipment selection. In the operation of the equipment, one thing is multi-purpose and waste is utilized. The safety of equipment use should be emphasized. In the process of using equipment in morning exercise, it is necessary to carefully arrange the order and use mode of equipment, and the necessity of using sports equipment in morning exercise also needs to be carefully considered and discussed, in order to really improve children's sports interest and sports ability in equipment morning exercise.
Organization and management of morning exercises in kindergartens.
1) Teaching and practicing morning exercises. The formulation of the morning exercise plan is a good start, and the implementation of the plan must rely on strict organization and management: First, teachers have a correct attitude. If the teacher just holds the child in his arms, it doesn't matter if the action is not in place as long as he can follow suit. "This attitude is not required by the coach, not only can't drive the children. Moreover, morning exercises have lost their proper meaning. Therefore, teachers play a guiding role, so teachers should also pay attention to the following points: 1. Dress and action: Teachers should dress appropriately and freely. Teachers should dress in a standard, standardized, elegant and relaxed manner, which is the best example for children and plays an important guiding role. 2. Attitude, emotion: In children's activities, if the child is reprimanded and the teacher himself is careless, how to make the child participate in the activities happily and seriously. 3. Emotion and language: Teachers use their passion and enthusiasm to infect children. Children's imitation ability is strong, and teachers' full emotions are the objects of children's imitation, which has great influence. In terms of language, teachers can demonstrate the parts that children can't master well, and at the same time explain the essentials of action and give simple language tips. 4, individual guidance for children with inattention or uncoordinated special tips or individual guidance.
2) The method is correct. Some teachers are very serious and hard at tutoring. However, due to improper methods, it is difficult to achieve twice the result with half the effort. Therefore, the correct method is the premise and guarantee of tutoring morning exercises: 1, step by step: some teachers are used to teaching children quickly from beginning to end, and then go back and correct the wrong actions. This is not right. Teaching one action after another, one by one, first teaching the first action and then teaching the second action, so as to get better results step by step. Why? The reason is 1, and children's acceptance is limited. Teaching children a lot of content at a time, children can't accept and absorb it well, leading to unstable and irregular movements. And step by step can let children practice and master one by one, so that the action norms are in place. 2. Children have a process of remembering actions. One-time coaches and children need to remember too many things, which greatly reduces the memory of movements and makes them irregular. It is quite difficult to correct irregular movements after they are shaped. Therefore, only gradual and down-to-earth completion can ensure the quality of coaches. 2. Grasp the key: The key to children's learning is the teacher's proper explanation and demonstration. Teachers' clear and interesting explanations and accurate demonstrations can effectively mobilize children's enthusiasm. It plays a decisive role in children's learning. 3, analysis exercise: an action, you can practice the upper limbs first and then practice the lower limbs. Then they will move up and down together. This will be better and more efficient. 4. Various forms: it can be divided into group, group and individual training, each with its own advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to combine several forms organically so that children can better master them. In short, morning exercises not only achieve the purpose of physical exercise, but also enrich children's after-school life, cultivate children's good sentiments of feeling music and beauty and loving sports, fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of each child to participate in morning exercises, and promote the comprehensive and harmonious development of children in morning exercises.