The origin and development history of Mongolian long tune

Historical traceability Mongolian long tune folk song as early as more than a thousand years ago, the Mongolian ancestors out of the Ergun River on both sides of the mountains and forests to the Mongolian plateau migration, the mode of production has also been changed from the hunting industry to animal husbandry, the long tune of this new form of folk song will be generated, developed. In a fairly long period of history, it gradually replaced the hunting songs with square structure, occupied the dominant position of Mongolian folk songs, and eventually formed the typical style of Mongolian music, and had a profound influence on other forms of Mongolian music. It can be said that long tunes concentrate on the characteristics and features of Mongolian nomadic culture and are closely connected with the language, literature, history, religion, psychology, worldview, ecological outlook, outlook on life, customs and habits of the Mongolian nation, and run through the whole history and social life of the Mongolian nation. The basic themes of long tunes include pastoral songs, homesickness songs, hymns, wedding songs and feast songs (also called wine songs).　Mongolian long tunes belong to Mongolian music, and Mongolian music can be divided into three periods of historical development, i.e., the period of hunting music and culture in the mountains, the period of nomadic music and culture in the steppe, and the period of music and culture in agriculture and pastoralism.　During the period of hunting music culture, the music style is represented by short tunes, and the folk songs are characterized by short structure, simple tone, clear rhythm and few words. The overall style of music has narrative and song and dance, lyricism is weak, which is also the primitive period of human music and art **** the same characteristics. From the existing data, we can see that some Mongolian folk songs which are obviously characterized by the music and culture of this period are still circulating in the folklore, such as the Song of Hunting and Fighting Wisdom and the White Sea Green Dance.　Along with the transformation of hunting production mode to nomadic production mode, the music style of the second period also evolved from short-toned folk songs to long-toned folk songs in style, forming the period of grassland nomadic music and culture in the history of Mongolian music. From the point of view of music morphology, this period not only retained and developed the short tune music style of the hunting period, but also gradually innovated and formed the long tune music style. As far as the long-toned folk songs themselves are concerned, this period also experienced a long process of inheritance and development from simple to complex and from low to high. Therefore, from the 7th century AD to the 17th century AD, the general trend of the development of Mongolian folk songs can be summarized as follows: short-toned folk songs as the basis, long-toned folk songs as the innovation, and long-toned folk songs gradually dominated the period, and it is also an important historical period for the formation of the overall musical and cultural styles of the Mongolian people.　Since about the 18th century (the middle and late Qing Dynasty), with the historical change and development, the connection between the northern grassland and the central plains further strengthened, and the pace of integration and exchange among various ethnic groups accelerated. The agricultural-based production methods of the Central Plains also penetrated into some of the northern grasslands, and cultural exchanges became more frequent. In such a historical background, short narrative songs, long rap songs and so on have been newly developed, forming a period of Mongolian music culture which is both agricultural and pastoral. The music style characteristics of this period can be summarized as follows: short folk songs regain new life and develop rapidly, and long folk songs maintain their characteristics and become more mature.