In the magical and ancient land in northwest Hunan, there is a river that has been running for hundreds of millions of years, tenacious and persistent, flowing eastward, flowing into Dongting, the Yangtze River, and running towards the sea. She is Lishui.
The earliest record of Lishui can be found in "Shui Jing", my country's first monograph recording the river system, and the "Li" land got its name from "Yu Gong". According to records, the main stream of Lishui River is divided into three sources: north, middle and south. The northern source mainly originates from the fir boundary in Sangzhi County, the middle source originates from the eastern foot of Badagong Mountain in Sangzhi County, the southern source originates from Longjiazhai in Yongshun County, and the third source originates from the Longjiang Estuary in Sangzhi County and goes south through Sangzhi , Yongshun goes eastward to receive Darong River, passes through Dayong Naru River, to Cili Namen River; to Shimen River to receive Jia River, Huang River and Wenshui River, and through Linli Zhangjiaqiao to Lixian County to receive Nadao River, Dan River and Laishui River , Xiaodukou, Shiguishan, and Linjiatan enter Anxiang and Changde. From its small ferry to Hanshou Liulin is the Lishui floodway. The Lishui River spans 388 kilometers from Shanmujie in Sangzhi County to Xiaodukou, irrigating and nourishing 18,500 square kilometers of land; and along the way, like a loving mother, it flows tens of thousands of streams into the river. Fall into her unrestrained and broad embrace. In this way, due to the generosity of the Lishui River, the land that has been nourished by the Lishui River since ancient times has been deeply branded with "Li". The Li River originates from Sangzhi, passes through Dayong (Zhangjiajie), passes through Cili, Li Shimen, passes through Linli, Tangli County, Dajin City, and Rao'an Township, and has successively received Rushui, Mishui, Jishui, Huangshui, The eight first-level tributaries of Wenshui, Danshui, Laishui and Daoshui were once labeled with the word "Li" one by one, such as: Ruli, Lulu, Lili, Wenli, Huangli, Danli, Yuanli, Daoli and so on. Therefore, these eight first-level tributaries with the word "Li", plus the main stream of Lishui, were collectively called "Jiuli". Then "Jiuli" became synonymous with the Lishui Basin, and the Lishui Basin became This is the "Nine Li" that people have agreed upon.
The eight tributaries in the "Nine Rivers" inject eternal vitality and eternal source into Lishui. Rushui originates from Longru Mountain in the northwest of Dayong (Zhangjiajie), has a total length of 60 kilometers, and flows eastward into Li. The Lishui River is the largest tributary of the Lishui River. It originates from Qiyan Spring in Hefeng County, Hubei Province, passes through Sangzhiyangsi Temple, Cili Jiangya, and Xiangshi, with a total length of 220 kilometers, and merges into the Lishui River in the northwest suburb of Cili County. The Zhi water has three sources: north, middle and south. The north source originates from Xiangriging, Wufeng County, Hubei Province, which is called Beixi River; the middle source originates from Gaojiajie, Quanping Village, Nanzhen Township, Shimen County, and is called Quanping River; the south source originates from Qianping River , the second river, the former river originates from Beiya, Nanzhen Township, Shimen County; the Houhe River originates from Longmen Cave, Nanzhen Township, Shimen County, and flows downstream 8.5 kilometers to the mouth of the two rivers to join the Qianhe River, and receives countless small streams to the Jinhe River, which is called Jinhe River. Home river. Among the three sources, the South Source Hou River has the largest water volume and is the main river at the source of the Xishui River. The three sources converge at Longdong River in Jiangping Township and then go eastward, passing through Nisha City, Huanghu Port, Suo City, Mo City, Yuan Gongdu, Yangquan, Zao City, and Xinguan, with a total length of 165 kilometers, and merge into Li River at Sanjiangkou. water. Huangshui originates from Huangshi Mountain in the northwest of Shimen County. It is named after the realgar flowing out of the stream. It is 40 kilometers long and merges into the Jishui River in Yanshi City. Wenshui originates from Shiluzhong at the foot of Yangfeng Mountain in the northwest of Shimen County. It is more than 20 feet long. It is commonly known as Hotwater Creek because the water is like boiling water. It has a total length of 75 kilometers. It meets the Jiudu River and flows out of Yuer Creek into Jishui River. Danshui originates from Shimen County, the northern source is Shimen Yanziquanmenpu; the southern source is Shimen Guaziyu Aijiashan. The two branches merge at Linli Guanting Reservoir, flow through Linli and Lixian, and end at Wugongzui where it joins Laishui, with a total length of 60 Kilometers, it exits the small ferry and merges into Lishui River. The river water is also divided into two sources, the north and the south. The north source comes from Lubai Rock Wall in the east of Daji Mountain in Li County, and the south source is Yanzi Mountain in Shimen. After the two branches merge at Wangjiachang Reservoir, it flows through Dayandang to Wugongzui where it joins Danshui. The entire length 114 kilometers, it exits the small ferry and merges into Lishui. Daoshui is also divided into two sources: north and south. The north source originates from the Taozi River area in Cili County, which is mostly a combination of streams and springs; the south source originates from Wulei Mountain in Cili County. After the two branches merge at Guangfu Bridge in Shimen County, it flows through Linli and Li County , Jin City, and merges into Lishui River at the mouth of Daohe River, with a total length of 101 kilometers. In this way, after three major inflows, Lishui went all the way east.
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So, when did "Jiuli" originate? According to "Zhili Lizhou Chronicles": ""Yu Gong": Jingzhou and Hengyang are Jingzhou, Jianghan dynasty is in the sea, Jiujiang (Dongting) Kong Yin. Minshan guides the river, and the east is Tuo (Tuo River, which originates from Shibei Ya, Chuanshanhe Township, Shimen County, passing through Taiping, Ziliang, Shuitangang, entering Jishui River at Dahezhou, with a total length of 45.5 kilometers), and then east to Yuli; crossing Jiujiang, to Dongling (Yueyang)" and so on. Apart from the statement, I am afraid it is difficult to get more accurate. However, the fact that people live by the water has indeed, after a series of excavations and demonstrations by archaeologists, fully proved that "Jiuli" once gave birth to and created the ancient and splendid civilization and China on this land. national glory.
In 1964, the excavation of the Zaoshi cultural relics located on the east bank of the Lishui River was named the "Lower Zaoshi Culture" by the archaeological community, which unveiled the ancient civilization in the Lishui Basin. Named "Zaoshi Lower Culture"; in 1977, archaeologists discovered the Tangjiagang ancient site in Liujiazui Village, Anxiang County; and then in 1986, archaeologists discovered the Tangjiagang ancient cultural site in Pengtoushan Artificially cultivated rice 9,000 years ago, this major discovery broke the traditional concept that "Chinese cultivated rice originated in India" and other places, and rewrote the history of human civilization; in 1991, the Chengtoushan ancient cultural site was located on the Danshui Ancient Road. Experimental excavations have revealed the 6,000-year-old ancient city in Chengtou Mountain, showing the splendor of the first ancient city in China, recreating the primitive clan society at the beginning of the birth of class and country, family and society, and indicating the future of mankind. Major progress and changes in society, at the same time, the ancient rice fields that archaeologists once only saw ancient rice grains and searched hard for finally appeared in Chengtoushan, fulfilling their long-cherished wish and identifying this land. The ancient rice fields are 6,500 years old; in 2005, the further excavation of Huzhao Mountain, an early typical representative of the cultural group in the Lishui basin, located next to the main river downstream of Lishui River in Tianjin City, made us fortunate to follow archaeologists through the tunnel of time and space. I saw various stone tools made by our ancestors 400,000 to 500,000 years ago. At this time, the ancestors did not know that at the same time as them in Zhoukoudian, Beijing, there were also cavemen with the same intelligence and wisdom, and they were the co-founders of southern civilization and northern civilization to this day. There are also the Tangjiagang Ancient Cultural Site, Huachenggang, Baijiagang, Dagutai Site, and Caijiaxi Kiln Site located in Anxiang County; Song Yucheng City Site, Shenming City City Site, and Zojiashan Site located in Linli County; Shimen County The ruins of the ancient city embankment and Yanerdong cave; Luojiatai, Zhumowan, Shibuti, Shaojiazui and other ruins located in Jin City; Lizhou ancient city, Baishidang, Shiligang, Sanyuan Palace ruins, etc. located in Li County etc... These are all important components of the cultural groups in the Lishui River Basin. Therefore, archaeologists marvel that the Lishui River Basin was once the core of the culture in the Yangtze River Basin, and that the origin of Chinese civilization advanced in parallel from the north to the south.
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People say: Water is spiritual. What is spirituality? "Cihai" said: It is still smart. At this point, "Jiuli" is the most unquestionable and the most representative. It was "Jiuli" that nurtured and created the splendor and splendor of a series of ancient cultural sites such as the Chengtoushan Ancient Cultural Site and Song Yucheng City Site in Lizhou, and made them lively and vibrant. However, in order to prevent them from being lost in the long river of history, "Jiuli" cruelly destroyed and buried the brilliance and splendor that she had nurtured and created. Those ancient cultural sites, whether they were in Zaoshi, Huzhao Mountain, or Chengtoushan, were all buried deep into the ground by her ruthless devouring. The ancient city of Chengtoushan was born more than 6,000 years ago, and suddenly disappeared one day 4,000 years ago. It was completely submerged by floods and buried in thick sand.
It is because of such ruthlessness and burial that the true historical traces of these ancient cultural sites have been recorded and preserved, and the miracle of these ancient cultural sites being able to see the light of day has been achieved, and that we are fortunate enough to reveal the gradual formation of these ancient cultural sites during the more than 2,000 years they have survived in the world. In the process of improvement, the precious information left to people on land use, urban construction, funerals and sacrifices, handicrafts, rice cultivation, class and country, family and society, etc. has given us the ability to communicate with our ancient ancestors. Intimate contacts and cordial meetings across time and space boundaries. This inevitable choice between creation and annihilation, freshness and silence is the best proof of the spirituality of "Jiuli".
In the past, the spirituality of "Jiuli" did not stop there, but that she also wrote about the beauty of scenery and people in the Lishui River Basin, which aroused people's envy and admiration for this place. The great patriotic poet Qu Yuan once chanted in "Li Sao" "Looking at Xueyang Xijipu" and "Remnants of admiration at Lipu". When roaming the "Xuiyang Ancient Road", he left behind "Yuan Youzhixi" The famous saying "Li has orchids" has won Lishui the reputation of "Lanjiang", which expresses the fragrance of Li and Yuan. Xiong Wan, the son of King Qingxiang of Chu, always missed his homeland of Chu during his nine-year life as a hostage of the Qin State, leaving behind a sad and indignant poem: "Dongting is full of autumn trees, and the sun is full of decaying grass." Lu Zhaolin, a statesman and poet known as "one of the four heroes of the early Tang Dynasty", wrote about the beautiful scenery of "the river flows towards Xianyang, and the clear moonlight is reflected". Cen Shen, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, was born in Jiangling, Hubei Province. Because he admired the beauty of Lizhou, he once felt proud that "you go to the north of Lishui, and my home is to the west of Lishui." Liu Zongyuan, a writer who was one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties", left a famous saying: "From the Han Dynasty to the south, the beauty of the state is no less than 17 or 18." Even the Ming Dynasty writer Yuan Zongdao expressed his love for Lizhou with his wish to "move to Lishui".
Perhaps, in January 1980, before the famous painter Wu Guanzhong published the beautiful prose "Raised in a Boudoir Unknown", recommending Zhangjiajie, the scenic pearl, to the world, Qu Yuan, Liu Zongyuan and others did not After appreciating the beautiful scenery of Zhangjiajie's peaks created by Lishui's uncanny craftsmanship, I developed a sincere fascination for Lizhou's landscape. This is because Lizhou has unique scenery, natural beauty, and humanistic beauty. Today, when people pay more and more attention to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, Mr. Wu Guanzhong and CCTV's "Talk About the Yangtze River" and "Talk About the Yangtze River Again" program team's expectation to promote the beautiful Lishui to the whole country and the world is a kind of history. It's inevitable. Therefore, it is only natural that the Wulingyuan Scenic Area, which is located at the source of the Lishui River, has risen rapidly and has been included in the World Heritage List. It is famous all over the world and has become a tourist destination that people yearn for. After that, the Chengtoushan Ancient Cultural Site, Pengtoushan Ancient Cultural Site, Ba Shidang Ancient Cultural Site, Yujia Memorial Archway, the "World's Rare Species Gene Bank", the "World's Rare Species Gene Bank", and the National Key Cultural Relics Protection Units, followed. Nature Reserve Hupingshan, National Forest Parks Tianmen Mountain and Jiashan, Provincial Forest Parks Jiashan, Tiangong Mountain, Huangshantou, as well as Lizhou Confucian Temple, Puguang Temple, Yuhuangdong Grottoes, Lizhou Ancient City, Helong Memorial Hall, A large number of cultural landscapes such as the Monument to the Starting Point of the Long March of the Second Front Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, Lin Boqu Memorial Hall, Ding Ling Memorial Hall, Jiuxiwei Ancient City, Xingguo Temple Plum Blossom Hall, Fan Zhongyan's Reading Desk, etc. are the highlights of "Jiuli".
People living in "Jiuli" grew up drinking Lishui and soaking in Lishui. The spirituality of Lishui is also endless and passed on to her people without reservation. them.
It is difficult for us to imagine how the ancestors who lived in Huzhao Mountain carved out those various stone tools when the production methods were very backward and there was no language or writing. The ancestors who lived in Chengtou Mountain When they built the ancient city, what method did they use to position the east, west, north and south gates on the same horizontal vertical line? Even today, thousands of years later, when Chinese and Japanese archaeologists used the most advanced surveying and mapping instruments to survey , all marveled at the superb surveying, mapping and positioning skills of our ancestors; and how they thought of using the natural tributaries of the Danshui River to cleverly combine with the artificial river to form a moat with strong protective capabilities; and create residential areas, workshop areas, farming areas, sacrificial areas, The unified planning of the tomb area and water storage and intake area; they also polished exquisite jade ornaments and drilled holes as thick as a hair for easy wearing. These amazing creativity and ingenuity allow us to see that our ancestors were transforming nature and promoting As society progresses, it leaves behind too many mysteries for future generations. These are the ancestors we can be proud of, the ancestors who drank Lishui.
Qu Yuan, one of the four major cultural celebrities in the world, the great man who pioneered the "Chu Ci"; Song Yu, the great poet who is also known as "Qu Song" with Qu Yuan; the official secretary of the Jin Dynasty, Nang Ying Night Reading Che Yin; the twelfth son of Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yuanze, the king of Peng who served as the governor of Lizhou for 16 years; the son-in-law of Li Chun, Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Du Tai, the governor of Lizhou; Hunan was the first to go to the whole country and exists in the poetry of the entire Tang Dynasty. Li Qunyu, a poet of the late Tang Dynasty who wrote more than 260 poems; at the ink-washing pond of No. 1 Middle School in Lixian County today, he "came to the hometown of Wuzi (Cheyin) and tasted the learning of Mu Wenshan (Li Qunyu)" and "followed the example of Nang Yingying at an early age. Fan Zhongyan, a famous prime minister in the Song Dynasty who recited "Mi Qin"; Zhao Yanruo, a member of the royal family in the Song Dynasty, who was a Hanlin scholar and a minister of the Ministry of Rites; Hao Xixian, the number one scholar in the Yuan Dynasty; Li Rugui, an honest official who was an official in two ministers in the Ming Dynasty and cared about the people of Lizhou; Li Rugui continued his work in Li The 11th generation of the Communists, after Zhu Yuanzhang, the King of Huayang who lived for 221 years; Li Zicheng, who lived in Zen and hidden in the mountains, and his wife Gao Guiying, who had stayed at Tiangong Mountain Lady Village for 17 years; fired the first shot to overthrow the Chinese feudal dynasty, and was defeated by Sun Yat-sen Jiang Yiwu, who is known as the "Founding Father of the Republic of China"; the great proletarian revolutionaries Marshal He Long, Lin Boqu, Liao Hansheng, Yuan Renyuan; Ding Ling, a modern Chinese female writer and social activist, etc., have all drank or soaked in Lishui. Water is famous throughout history. No wonder Gong Zhiming, a scholar in the Qing Dynasty, once praised highly: "Li lived in Xinan, Dongting, and aspired to be called the Immortal Cave House. Liu Zihou also said that Nanzhou is more beautiful than Li. With his integrity and articles, he is like Qu, like Song Dynasty, like Cha Wuzi. There are great men in this generation... It deserves to be called a country famous for its literature."
It is the Han, Bai, Miao and Tujia people living in "Jiuli" who have made great sacrifices and contributions to protect their homeland and country while living in harmony from generation to generation. During the New Democratic Revolution, 15,000 people followed He Long in the Red Army, and nearly 20,000 martyrs died for the revolution. They were all heroic sons and daughters nourished by Lishui. At the same time, people of all ethnic groups in "Jiuli" interpret and inherit their own rich and colorful folk customs and folk arts, making the land of Lishui full of vitality. Sangzhi folk songs, Lishui boatmen's chants, Tujia hand-waving dances, Tujia beaters, Tujia brocade techniques, Miao silverware forging techniques, and Lizhou Jinghe opera have all been selected into my country's "first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list" ". In addition, the numerous folk stories and legends passed down by word of mouth have also injected more mystery into "Jiuli", rich cultural development, imagination space and profound humanistic heritage. The soil and water support the people, and these should be the blessings of the "Jiuli" spirituality.