Social investigation mainly includes the following elements: (1) a clear purpose of the investigation; (2) the object of investigation with social significance; (3) scientific methods of investigation; (4) the actual effect of the investigation.
Social surveys, according to the different units of analysis, can be divided into macro-surveys (such as the national, provincial, county or census and other large-scale or large-scale surveys) and micro-surveys (generally include two or three people or several people in small groups of the survey).
According to the different contents and functions of the survey, it can be divided into research surveys (conducted to solve theoretical or policy issues) and working surveys (conducted to solve the current problems in the actual work).
The attitude of social investigation
1 Attitude of seeking benefits: strive to promote social progress, solve social problems, and enhance people's happiness.
2 realistic attitude: respect the objective facts, not "only" not "only book".
3 The attitude of seeking advice: eyes downward, learning and seeking advice from the masses with an open mind.
How to carry out social research?
The first step is to choose a topic. According to the current national economic situation and related policies, as well as their own interests and knowledge, and combined with the characteristics of the elements of social research, selected a worthy of study, such as the construction of small towns, returning farmland to forests and so on. The selection of the topic should use the necessary review of literature, consult the relevant teachers and other methods.
The second step, plan. Closely follow the selected topic, refer to the relevant information, put forward different levels of questions, and determine the systematic investigation project, for example, to study the construction of small towns, we should put forward its necessity and the required conditions and so on, and each question contains a number of sub-questions.
The third step, design indicators. Indicator is to use a certain number and unit to describe the object of investigation, such as the population and per capita income of a region. To use a variety of quantitative and qualitative indicators from all aspects of the survey object to reveal the essence of the characteristics of the complete, to ensure its vertical and horizontal comparability.
The fourth step, the outline. Is to use the outline of the form of the above preparations to determine the above, all the issues raised and the project to be selected, respectively, the importance of the priority, so that it is systematic and complete.
The fifth step is to choose the appropriate ways and means of investigation.
Commonly used survey methods are universal survey (each part of the object of investigation of each molecule without missing one by one investigation), typical survey (select one or a number of representative units to do a comprehensive, systematic, thorough investigation), case-by-case investigation (a person, a group of people in the community, or an event, a unit of investigation).
Commonly used survey methods are questionnaire method (reasonable design questionnaire, open, closed or mixed questionnaire to collect information), literature method (through written materials, statistical data and other literature on the subject of indirect investigation), the interview method (through the conversation to obtain information), the method of observation (on-site observation, by virtue of the impression of the feeling to collect data).
Sixth step, training and preparation. Ask the relevant experts to investigate the necessary training of investigators, including the investigation of attitudes and investigation skills. In addition, attention should also be paid to the preparation of the necessary funds and material conditions, make a good contact with the investigated units, and seek the support of the relevant units to ensure the smooth running of the survey.
What is a survey report
Survey report is based on the results of the investigation and research written report correctly reflecting the objective things and their laws, which usually reflects the major events, new things, outstanding typical, important experience and serious problems....
What are the characteristics of the investigation report
1 Social.
Investigative reports as the mirror of the times, from different sides to objectively reflect the social situation and problems, with obvious social functions investigative reports summarize the typical experience of the community has a guiding significance; investigative reports received by the disclosure of the problems of the community has a warning role; investigative reports as a kind of social public opinion, the spokesman for the facts of the community, can objectively reflect the aspirations of the people, can inspire the people's aspirations, can inspire the people's aspirations, can objectively reflect the people's aspirations, can objectively reflect the social situation and problems of the community. People's aspirations, can inspire people to overcome all kinds of difficulties on the road ahead, confidence for victory.
2 Targeted.
Investigative reports are always aimed at a certain ideological tendencies, specific practices or practical problems and writing, through the real reflection of objective things to express the author's position and views and ideological tendencies. What the author is against, in favor of what in the investigation report is clear, not ambiguous.
3 authenticity.
The purpose of any social survey is to understand the objective reality, find problems, solve problems, and grasp the law. The life of the investigation report is to speak with the facts, the material is true and accurate is the first. Investigative reports should be used in the material should be scientifically processed and carefully verified and identified, rather than hearsay, is specific, both a little and face, rather than abstract.
4 typical.
The investigation report has a typical, typical things can best reflect the nature of things in general and the law, in order to solve a problem, summarize the experience, study the development trend of things and writing, so you need to choose the right typical, anatomical sparrow, explore the development of things, and seek solutions to the contradictions.
What are the types of investigation reports
1 According to the object of the investigation to reflect the scope of the different, can be divided into an overview of the investigation report and thematic investigation report.
Overall survey report is also called a comprehensive survey report or a general survey report, mainly around the basic conditions of the subject of the survey and write a more comprehensive and systematic reflection of the results of all investigations. This kind of investigation report is generally on a region or unit, often designed to political, economic, cultural, demographic, geographic, historical and other aspects of the basic situation, the subject of the investigation of the development of changes, causes and consequences, the ins and outs of a more detailed account. Thematic investigation report is written around a certain issue, can be a typical experience, thematic situation, new things, historical events or problems and so on, such as the investigation of the rural cooperative economy, on the waste of talent investigation, on the current situation of the spiritual life of individual traders investigation and so on. Thematic investigation report theme is clear, specific materials, targeted, with a strong persuasive power.
2 According to the object of the investigation to reflect the content of different, can be divided into summarize the experience of the investigation report, reflect the situation of the investigation report, expose the problem of the investigation report.
Summarize the experience of the investigation report is the practice of the emergence of a universal guide to the typical experience of the report, it is practiced, felt, understood the objective things rise to rational understanding, and then used to guide the practice of the general in the press or conference materials used more. Reflect the situation of the investigation report on a particular aspect of the thematic investigation, for the leading authorities to understand the situation, study the problem, the formulation of policies or plans to provide a basis for such a topic is clear, the material is focused on specific, targeted, persuasive. Expose the problem of the investigation report is to investigate a large number of facts, expose the key to a problem, in order to attract people's attention, to clarify right and wrong, educate the masses, solve the problem
3 According to the purpose of the investigation of different, can be divided into theoretical research type report and practical advice type report.
Theoretical research report is to put forward or to supplement or confirm or falsify a theoretical point of view and write, whether it is the collection of information or theoretical views of the proposed and argumentation are particularly methodical, is for the service of scientific research. The actual proposal type report is for things after investigation and research, in order to put forward some kind of work or policy recommendations and write a report, mostly belong to the topic of the report, the party and government departments, all walks of life, are using it.
Investigation report writing
1 The establishment of the theme.
Theme is the soul of the report, is the basic idea of the author to express. An investigative report whether the quality, value, whether to attract people's attention, the determining factor lies in the theme is correct, profound. Theme should be correct, the use of Marxist-Leninist position, point of view and method of objective things in-depth, thorough and systematic investigation and research, a large amount of information, a comprehensive understanding of the history and the current situation, to understand the ins and outs of things, can reflect the essence of the law of the objective things, have a positive significance, so that the theme is the correct theme. Theme should be new, new ideas, that is, the investigation and research of a thing can reveal others have not yet studied or research is not deep, and rich in the flavor of the times. Or from different angles to study the same object. Theme should be clear, that is, the basic meaning of his expression should be very clear, clear at a glance, unambiguous, clear expression of the author's right and wrong, love and hate. Theme should be focused, that is, the purpose should be clear, the content should be condensed, focused, around the theme of the deep say through, and can not be greedy, slapdash.
2 theme formation and refinement.
The theme of the investigation report is the author in the long-term practice of life gradually bred, is through in-depth investigation and research, from the material obtained from the analysis and generalization. Often y touched by certain materials, get inspired, found its social significance, realize the essence of things, thus forming a distinctive theme.
3 Material selection.
First of all, to choose a good material, according to the performance of the theme of the need to decide on the material of the trade-offs, remove the theme of those who have nothing to do with the secondary non-essential trivial material, and choose those who can truly reflect the essence of things and the mainstream of the material. Selection of materials should pay attention to the diversity of materials, that is, both to choose the reality of the material and to choose the historical material; both to choose the positive and to choose the negative; both written and digital. Secondly, to investigate the information obtained from the serious identification, that is, to analyze the information and comparative study, to remove the false and save the real, remove the rough and save the essence. Once again, the survey material to make the analysis and research from the other side, to find out the internal and external links, reflecting the horizontal and vertical between things, direct and indirect links, reflecting the causes and consequences of things that happen, the ins and outs.
4 Outline development.
If the theme is the soul of the essay and the material is the flesh and blood of the essay, then the structure is the internal bones of the essay. That is to say, structure is the internal organization of the article, the outline is to arrange a rigorous and appropriate structure. There are two types of writing outlines, entry outline is a list of investigative reports from the level of the chapter program, point of view outline is based on the list of chapters and programs to describe the point of view.
5 report writing
(1) the layout should be appropriate, the structure should be complete. Investigation report has no fixed format, should be based on the material obtained from the investigation, around the theme, reasonable arrangement of the structure. Generally consists of three parts: First, the beginning, or general mention, introduction, describing the significance and purpose of the survey, the survey object and scope, the survey methodology and its process, the text as little as possible, concise. The second is the main body, sub-chapter statement of the investigation material and narrative and discussion, is the body of the investigation report. The third is the end, is the conclusion and recommendations, is also a summary of the investigation report, can be long or short, according to the actual situation. The weight of the three parts is not set in stone, mainly according to the requirements of the content.
(2) commonly used structure: first, vertical structure. Mainly in accordance with the order of development of things, according to the narrative, to clarify the point of view. Second, horizontal structure. According to the basic experience or highlight a few major issues, the sub-particular layer of exposition. Third, vertical and horizontal structure. According to the logical relationship between the content of the part, the level of analysis and description, the length of the subheading can be used to clear the eye, highlight the key points.
(3) to use the point of view of the material, good at combining the point of view and the material. Typical examples to illustrate the point of view is the most commonly used methods, with an overview of the material to summarize the expression of views can be briefly introduced to the subject of the survey in general, to give a general impression of the contrasting material to illustrate the point of view, can be said to be specific and profound, with the data to illustrate the point of view can be strengthened to enhance the scientific and persuasive investigation report.
(4) lively, easy to understand. To use the language of the general public understandable, and promote easy to understand style. Facts and reasoning, avoid the abuse of esoteric terminology.