Han-Xu Shen "Shuo Wen" said: "Cuju, tiptoe also. From the foot, on the sound." Xuan Ying Yun: "" Shuowen ", cu, step on also, with the foot against the step on said cu." "Shuowen" also said: "bow, step on the bow also. From leather, receive sound." Liu Xiang, "other records" said: "蹵 bow, rumor has it that the Yellow Emperor made. Or said, from the time of the Warring States. Stepping bow, military potential. So practice warriors, know that there is also material, all because of the playfulness and practice." The Han Book - Arts and Letters Zhi" military skills of thirteen families have "蹵鞠" twenty-five articles. Guo Pu note three Cang Yun: "Hairball can step play is said to bow."
Playing soccer, in China's ancient literature called "cuju" or "step bow". Yang Xiong, "law words - my son" volume 2: or asked: "Gongsun Long tens of thousands of words for the law, the law with?" He said, "There is also a law for breaking wood to make a chess game, and clubbing leather to make a bow. Not in accordance with the law of the former king, the gentleman is not law" Note: The master craftsman's teachings will be rules; gentleman's training will be benevolence and righteousness.
Southern Liang - Gu Ye Wang "jade chapter - foot" in: "蹵, cu cu also; cu, with the cu cu." Song - Chen Pengnian, etc. "Guangyun" contains: "leather ball, leather ball also. Bow, step bow to leather for the, now commonly known as the cone." Song - Ding Du and other "Jiyun" contains: "leather ball, step also. Bow, 'Saying Wen': step on the bow also."
"Zhaoming Wenxuan" Cao Zhi "name of the chapter" has "even hit the bow soil, skillful but ten thousand end" sentence, Li Shan note quoted Guo Pu three Cang interpretation of the explanation cloud: "bow, hairballs, can step on the play." Hairball, i.e., the foot kicked the hairball.
According to "Dictionary", "Dictionary", "Chinese Dictionary", cu ju (cu ju), also known as cu leather ball, stepping bow (taju), 蹹 bow (taju). Regarding the word "cu", "Mengzi - Suizi": "Cuer and with it, the beggars do not care." Zhao Qi's note: "Cu, cu also." Kick also. Tang - Qi (Linzi) Duan Cheng style "Youyang miscellany altar - pot history": "(Someone) buckle the door to buy up, angry that it should not be, because cu its household." Cuju, kick also; bow, also as leather ball, ball also.
The ancient Chinese cuju (蹴鞠) sport was first documented in the literature when the "Strategies of the Warring States" and Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian".
According to the "Strategies of the Warring States", Su Qin became the prime minister of Zhao, for Zhao to combine the vertical columns, the United Qi against the Qin, he went to Qi and said to King Xuan of Qi: "Qi south of the mountains, east of Luangshi, west of the Qinghe River, north of the Bohai Sea, this is the so-called country of the four plugs. Qi has a place of 2,000 miles, hundreds of thousands of armor, and corn like hills. Qi car of good, five soldiers, fast as a cone vector, war as thunder and lightning, solution as wind and rain, that is, there is military service, have not tasted times too much mountain, the absolute Qing River, Bohai also. Linzi seventy thousand households, I steal the degree of the next three men, three seven twenty-one million, not to be sent to the far counties, and Linzi's pawns, solid to twenty-one million carry forward. Linzi is very rich and real, its people are not blowing yu, drums, hit the building, playing the qin, cockfighting, walking dogs, six blogs, step bow; Linzi road, car hubs, people shoulder, even obeisance into a curtain, lifting their shirts into a curtain, sweating into the rain; home Dun and rich, high and Yang. The king's wisdom and Qi's strength, the world can not be. Now I am serving Qin in the west, and I am ashamed of the king." It can be seen that at the time of King Xuan of Qi (319 BC - 301 BC), 2,300 years ago, the sport of cuju was already widely practiced in Linzi, Qi.
According to the "Records of the Grand Historian - Su Qin biography" also has a similar record, Su Qin for the United States to fight against the Qin, the mission of Qi Linzi, King Xuan of Qi, said: Qi is a large country, geographically advantageous, there are two thousand miles of land, hundreds of thousands of troops, only the city of Linzi there are seventy thousand households, the people are rich and prosperous, and the people do not "blowing Yuju and drums, playing the qin hit the Tsui, cockfighting and dog fighting, the six blogs, the jiu" for the fun of the people. The people all took pleasure in "playing the dulcimer and the zither, playing the zither and the building, fighting with chickens and dogs, and playing with the six boars and the bowers. How could such a rich and powerful country bow down to Qin? The Historical Records - Jiejie" quoted Liu Xiang, "Bielu" said: "蹹 bow, military potential, so the practice of warriors, know that there is material, all because of the playfulness of the practice."
Cuju sport in Qi is the rise of Qi's prosperous economy, rich ideological culture, developed science and technology, martial arts social customs are very relevant. Most of the successive kings of qi like hunting and martial arts; qi is the pre-qin era countries produce politicians, thinkers, economists, militarists, military theorists in the most countries. The military science of Qi was the most developed, and it was said that "the military science of Qi was the best in the world". During the period of Duke Huan of Qi and Guan Zhong, Qi was a powerful state that dominated the vassals based on forceful conquest. In the Warring States period, Qi's army was famous for its strong soldiers and horses, and for its courage and skill in fighting.
See ancient Cuju, the earliest military martial arts play, similar to today's soccer. According to the "Historical Records - General Wei Hussar biography" said: "wear domains step bow." Suoyin cloud: "bow play with the skin for the, in the real to the hair, cuju for the play also." Tang-Yan Shigu in the "Han Shu Note" said: "bow is made of leather, the center stuffed with hair, become a round ball, to foot cu cu for the play music." Han - Liu Xiang, "other records" said: "Cuju, rumor has it that the Yellow Emperor made, or that the time of the Warring States. Cuju, military potential also, so speak martial arts know have material also."
"Historical Records - magpie Cang Gong Liezhuan" in: "Taicang Gong, Qi Taicang long, Linzi people, surnamed Chunyu's, name intention. ...... Anling Hanli public by the item at the disease, I diagnose the pulse, said: 'Peony hernia.' I said: 'Be careful not to work for the labor thing, for the labor thing is bound to vomit blood and die.' After the leather ball, to prostrate cold, sweating more, that is, vomiting blood. I want to repeat the diagnosis, said: 'when Dan day day and night death.'" Zhang Shoujie "justice": "cu leather ball, said also playing ball." This shows that Qi's famous doctor Chun Yu Yi's medical skills, but also shows the strenuousness of the sport of cuogu. Xiang Di was obsessed with CuBu and suffered from the disease of "Oyster Hernia", which was not suitable for him to engage in CuBu, and he died because he did not listen to Chun Yu Yi's medical advice.
The above can be seen, cuju, in the "warring states policy - qi policy a" as "step bow"; in the "historical records" as "蹹鞠"；in the "book of history" as "蹹鞠"; in the "book of han" - wei qing huo zaiwei biography as "躢 bow"; "book of han" - huo zaiwei biography as "躢 bow". "; "Han Shu - Art and literature", the military techniques recorded "蹵鞠" twenty-five, also as "蹵鞠". The book of han - jia zou mei road biography of twenty-one" in mei by the son of mei gao fugue said: "cruise hunting and shooting, harness dogs and horses, cu ju carve openwork, on the sense of it, and always make the endowment." After the Han Book - Liang Ji biography ": "(Ji) sex alcoholism, can ...... six Bo, Cuju play" and so on, are "Cuju".
Two, Han, Tang Cuju movement flourished
Western Han Dynasty, the early years of the aristocracy and civilians love Cuju movement. According to Huan Kuan "Salt and Iron Theory - Prick right", the Western Han society to carry the level for a long time, the rich and powerful family to "fishing in the abyss, let the dog go rabbit, Long Jackal Dinli, step on the bow and cockfighting" for the fun; and the common people are "customary, the party has a field, the Kangzhuang Chui chase, the poor alley step on the bow "(Salt and Iron Theory -State Disease"), enough to see the wide range of cuju sports.
The Book of Han records that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty often held cockfights and cuju competitions in his palace, and there was the so-called "Cock and Bow Club". Han Wu Di's favorite minister Dong Xian's home also specializes in raising the ball will play "bow", in Shandong Qufu, Henan Nanyang and Shaanxi Suide Han portrait stone, there are cuju images. It can be seen that in the Western Han Dynasty, the social aspects of soccer activities are more expanded.
Han Ge Hong (also known as Liu Xin) "Xijing miscellany" volume two: "The emperor migrated to Chang'an, living in the palace, the pathos is not happy. Gaozu stole because of the left and right to ask the reason, to the life of the good, are butchering young people, selling wine, selling cakes, cockfighting Cuju leather ball, this for the joy, this is all not this, so not happy." Visible emperor like cu leather. Volume II is also contained: "Emperor Cheng good cuobu, qunchen to cuobu for labor body, not the most respected, the emperor said: I'm good, you can choose to like and do not labor to play. Home Jun for playing chess to offer. Emperor was pleased. Give the green lamb fur, purple silk, served to the hajj."
Southern Liang - Wu Jun in the "Border City will be four poems," four, also mentioned Linzi's Cuju activities: "Linzi heavy Cuju, Qucheng good hit stab. Don't want to be famous behind you, specialize in galloping in front of you. You see Ban Dingyuan, not to be ashamed of the righteousness of the work. The switch pulls the two zhang flag, tramp double mallard ride. But I ask if we know each other, life and death are not easy."
Tang Dynasty, with the development of social productivity, soccer production technology has improved. Tang Dynasty ball production process, has
great improvement. Appeared "balloon", the ball shell synthesized by two pieces of skin, replaced by eight pieces of sharp skin sewn into a round ball shell, its shape is more rounded; the original "skin for the, in the real to the hair" "bow" The original "to skin for, in the solid to hair" "bow", changed to eight pieces of skin made of ball shell, placed inside the bladder of the animal as a gas bag, blowing with the mouth, due to the laborious, and then changed to the "hit the palm method". Ming Wang Yun Cheng "Cuju Atlas" has introduced the "hit the palm method": "hit the palm, add gas, things are easy, but really difficult, not too hard, hard to Jian Jian color floating anxious, cu the loss of power; not too wide, wide is Jian color vague, cu the can not afford it; must be nine points of the force, it is the right. " Jian color refers to the ball, playing the palm is to use a kind of blower box to beat the air. It means that the air pressure of the ball has been stipulated at that time. But the volume of the ball is not recorded. The change to "balloon" is conducive to the leap, can increase the excitement of the game. The balloon is also the first invention in the world. According to the world sports history, the British invented the ball blowing in the eleventh century Song Dynasty, China's Tang Dynasty, three or four hundred years later.
The improvement of the ball, brought the cuju ball method and technical changes. Han Dynasty because the ball is filled with hair for the solid ball, it is impossible
kick high, so the goal is on the ground building, the so-called "through the ground for the bow room" is this meaning. And the Tang Dynasty, the ball is light, can be kicked high, the goal with two as high as several feet of bamboo poles inserted in the ground, above the net, shaped like a "door" word, in order to prevent the ball from flying away from the door above. Called "net for the door to degree ball". In the kicking method, the Han Dynasty is divided into teams directly against the game, "out of the way to Cheng便, cover like soldiers garrison". The physical contact between the two players like a war. And the Tang Dynasty team competition, is not a direct confrontation, but the interval between the goal, the two sides on one side, to the ball shot at the goal of the "number of times the winner".
The late Song and early Yuan Ma Duanlin "literature" has a simple description: "Cuju ball cover began in Tang, planting two cultivation of bamboo several zhang high, network on the network, for the door to degree of the ball." The two teams use kicking confrontation for offense and defense, with magistrates to enforce the law, according to Ming Wang Yun Cheng "Cuju atlas" in the "goal shooting rules" section: to shoot the number of balls into the goal to determine the winner. In the book, there are "all deployed to correct" and "Du Si" two referees. Li You's "Ju Cheng Ming" also contains principles of refereeing, such as "not based on affinity, can not be selfish, the end of the heart and calm, do not complain about right and wrong" and so on. It pointed out that the referee should put aside the relationship between close and distant relatives, and make a fair and clear judgment without favoritism. However, the competition rules have not been handed down, only according to some of the description of the competition scene of the written records to be inferred.
Tang Dynasty Cuju sport has four kinds of games: First, for the "play bow", for the game without the goal ("playground Ke Fan"). Competition is not limited to the number of people, each solo kick, all parts of the body can replace the two feet touch the ball to the ball does not fall to the ground, the number of consecutive touches the ball for the winner. The second, for the "white hit", that is, white hit the field household cuju game. The game in the middle of the net, can be two against the kick or more people to kick, and appeared to participate in women. Third, for the "leaping bow", without nets, goals, chasing each other to run, to kick the ball a number of times and high win. Fourth, for a goal game, the goal of the two pillars in the center of the field, about three feet high. Each team of seven people, the provisions of only standing in their own ball kicking, not allowed to run for position. By a team of "ball head" will throw the ball kicked over the door, and the other team players with the prescribed position to catch the ball, if the ball can be kicked back over the door for the win, the two sides alternated.
The ball is light, and no fierce competition, running, the Tang Dynasty began to have women's cuju ball activities. Women's cuju kicking method without goals, to kick high, kicked out of the pattern for can things, commonly known as "white hit".
Tang - Wang Jian has a "Palace Lyrics", describing in the cold food Qingming Festival this day, the Yichun courtyard of the playgirls to cuju ball for fun. Every year, the cold food festival, from the folk to the palace have a ban on fireworks, the custom of eating cold food, are to excursions or to participate in some cultural and sports activities, in order to eliminate the stagnation of the cold food eat cold food.
Tang Wang Wei's "cold food east of the city that is the matter" poem depicts the custom of cold food festival cuju: "clear stream a through the peaches and plums, acting green bushes Han dahurica. There are several houses on the stream, and the flowers are half-fallen in the east flowing water. Cuju repeatedly passed the flying birds, swing competition out of the poplar. The young man is a part of the day for roaming, do not need to Qingming and on the Si." The poem is written in the superior cuetu skills, you can play a variety of tricks, the boys at this time can not help but show off their skills: "cuetu repeatedly over the flying birds on", visible kicking the ball of the high; and the girls are dressed in a fashionable way, in the poplar swing, "swing competition out of the poplars", like flying fairies, attracting the young people. It is like flying fairy, attracting the attention of many teenagers. Du Fu's poem "Qingming" also said: "Ten years of Cuju will be far away, thousands of miles of the same custom of swinging". Explained the custom of cuju activities in all parts of China.
Cuju is not only very popular among the people, also in the palace. Tang - Li Bai "ancient wind - fifty-nine" its forty-six said: "cockfighting in the Golden Palace, cuju leather ball Yao Tai side." Wang Jian also said in his "Palace Lyrics": "In front of the palace, both sides of the building are paved, and the cold-food palace people walk and play ball." Wei Zhuang "Chang'an Qingming" poem said: "the Palace of the first given Qingming fire, on the phase of leisure points white playing money", are written in the Palace of Cuju activities, and for this reason and get reward money.
Tang Wei-Ying-wu "cold food after the north building" poem said: "heard the sound of drums, cuju military music", is written in the military cuju movement. This shows that the Tang Dynasty, in addition to the folk and the royal palace have cuju custom, and the army also carried out this cuju activities.
This cuju sports and customs from the Qi capital Linzi began, to the Han, Tang flourished, and has continued to the Song and Yuan dynasties. Southern Song poet Lu You in the "spring evening sensation pavilion" poem also described the cuju movement in full bloom: "Cold food Liangzhou 100,000 families, the swing cuju still luxury." And "the old end of the chapter cover the thought that there is a wide" poem has: "Road into the Liangzhou like palm leveling, the autumn Cuju take advantage of the bright" lines and so on.
The Tang Dynasty not only had women's cuju, and women's cuju technology is also quite high. According to the Tang - Kang Pian's "play talk record" pen records: Beijing Zhaofu Wang Chao, one day walked through the Chang'an City Sheng Ye Fang North Street, "when the spring rain cleared up, see a three-maiden woman, sixteen or seventeen, ragged clothes, wearing clogs on the side of the acacia tree, the value of the army of young people cu jiu, and sent, straight up a few feet high, and then watched the gradual increase in the number of people." This "three-maid woman" wearing wooden clogs, able to catch the army teenagers kicking the missed ball, and kick the ball several feet high, can be described as a high level of technology! This shows the popularity of cuju activities in the Tang Dynasty.
Three, Song, Yuan, Ming era of the development of cuju
Song - Meng Yuan Lao "Tokyo Dream Record - Volume VI - Lantern Festival": "the first month of the fifteenth Lantern Festival, before the year since the year before the winter solstice, the Kaifeng Palace stranded mountain scaffolding, standing wood on the Xuan De building, tourists have been set in the Imperial Street under the two corridors. Strange arts and crafts, singing and dancing a hundred games, scales cut, music noisy more than ten miles, hit the ball cu leather ball, step on the rope on the pole."
"History of Song - the thirty-fourth of this century": "September Ding You Shuo, the sun has an eclipse. Heihai, ordered to build the tide of the bad pond. Xin ugly, exempt from the following will celebrate the festival of worship. Gengxu, the order of the Rites of Passage officials set Kai Bao, political and sacrificial rites. wuwu, read cuju leather ball in the election of virtue hall."
Song - Wu Zimu "dream sorghum record" "hundred theater arts" contained, "hundred theater kicking home, every year in the suburb of the Hall of Sacrifice year, ...... presented hundred theater to make art, ... ... to get flower ball, squeezing the ball".
Southern Song Dynasty - four water Qianfu (Zhou Mi) "Old Story of Wulin" Volume 3: "West Lake Tour" mentioned "...... flower bomb, Cuju" and other arts. "Release spring" mentioned "and set up pole shooting stacks, and swings, shuttle gate, cockfighting, cuju games to entertain tourists".
"Old Wulin" Volume IV: "Qianchun Founder Department" also lists the "Chiku ball thirty-two people" competition when the two teams and the list of division of labor: "The left army of sixteen people: the head of the ball Zhang Jun, stilted ball Wang Ren, is hosting Zhu Zhuan, head of hosting Shi Ze, the left pole net Ding Zhi right. Shi Ze, the left pole net Ding interpretation of the right pole net Zhang Lin, scattered Hu Chun, etc.; the right army of sixteen people: the head of the ball Li Zheng, stilts ball Zhu Zhen, is holding Zhu Zhuan, deputy holding Zhang Ning, left pole net Xu Bin, right pole net Wang with scattered Chen Jun, etc.".
Wulin Old Story, Volume VI: "the color of the Kabuki artists" also lists the "cuqiu" list: "Huang Ruyi, Fan Laoer, Sun, Zhang Ming, Cai Run". All of this and so on, to see its prosperity.
Song, Yuan, Ming Dynasty, but also gradually established a civil cuju ball will be organized, such as the Song Dynasty, "Qiyun Society", "round society" and so on, but also successive women to participate in cuju games.
Song, Yuan, Ming era, there are also specialized in cuju technical writings, such as the Southern Song Dynasty Chen Yuanliang, "Things Lin Guangji", Anonymous "playground Ke Fan", Ming - Wang Yuncheng's "cuju atlas" and so on. Wang Yuncheng's "Cuju Atlas" (one volume) contains a record of the cuju method popularized in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties. Where twenty-two sections: goal shooting rules, goal color, the number of goals, downfield recipe, a person field household, two people field household, three people field household, Jian color name, kicking with the name of the color, hit the palm of the trick, the lower cut solution, the middle cut solution, the upper cut solution, set of solutions, sit on the ground solution, prohibited kicking trick, that run over the side of the feet of the trick, take the stilt kicking the side of the feet of the trick, the official under the work, the loss of the chips, the brocade language, do not kick the trick. One of the "goal shooting rules" section of the content, and the Southern Song Dynasty Chen Yuanliang, "Things Lin Guangji" contained in the content is basically the same. It is an important document for the study of ancient Chinese cuju sport. It is included in the series of "Shuo Fu" of Wanwei Shantang.
In addition, the Ming Dynasty, there are "10,000 silver lamps shine playing ball" of the evening cuju game of the spectacle. Qing Dynasty, the cuju sports, changed to a competition on the ice, and so on.
In the Yuan dynasty miscellaneous dramas and compositions, there are many cu ball activities described: "you see that the king and grandchildren cu ball, ladies swing" (Shi Junbao "Qujiang Pond" the first folding); "wide nick Cui Pavilion side of the cu ball field, laugh and sip powder wall outside the swing frame" (Qiao Ji "Money" first folding); "wide nick Cui Pavilion side of the cu ball field, laugh and sip powder wall outside the swing frame (Qiao Ji's "Money Records", 1st fold); "I only see the fragrant cars and precious horses, the ladies and grandchildren, the leather ball swing, the strings and drums, it's so rich and noble!" (Anonymous "Hundred Flowers Pavilion" first fold) Guan Hanqing "Nanlv - a flower - not ambulance old" set of numbers in the self-proclaimed: "the world's Langjun leader, cover the world of prodigal son of the head of the class", at the end of the stubborn arrogance, said: "I am a steam can not be rotten, boiled, not cooked, whacked not plaques, frying not explode ringing a grain of copper pea. ...... I will also go, will cu leather ball, will play round, will insert science ...... "; he also has" Yue tune - fight quail - cu leather ball ":" cu leather ball field, Ming ke alley, north and south of the famous, huanzhong can mean ......". At the end of the "...... bucket white playing official field small kick. The pole net under the world without peer, the whole field child accounted for the first." Especially the display of women's cuju scene depicted the most wonderful. Sadu Prick's loose set of songs "Nanlv - a flower - prostitutes cuju" wrote the scene of women's cuju: "red face lined with Xia, jade hairpin across the Yan. ...... Bibi just singing and dancing in front of the flower banquet, learning to become Qi Yun world round". It can be seen at that time cuju and song and dance are the same as the banquet on the Kisha. These "occupied the field to accompany the hero" of the women, most of them are "Xie Pavilion Qin Lou", "Ming Ke Alley" of the "stunning beauty". Most of the women are "beautiful women" in "Xie Guan Qin Lou" and "Ming Ke Lane"; "If it is the fulfillment of the wish of the cave to cherish the jade and pity the fragrance, the six pieces of perfumed skin will be used for the marriage." Deng Yubin's "Xianlv - Village Yazhou - Ladies' Balloon Puns" wrote: "The balloon is a harmonious one, but it can be used in many different ways. ......" In the middle of the piece, the author specifically describes the ladies' various styles and beautiful postures when they play cu ball. Finally, the author praised: "like this female lieutenant never less. With the round society often will cu ball hold throw, occupy the field child accompanied by some heroes. That abundant standard! The body of the demon Rao ...... that sister see the ball to busy feet stilt." These prose works described the men and women to play soccer scene. But this kind of men and women kicking, is not the two sides to seek their own entertainment, but to women cu ball as a kind of kung fu for people to enjoy.
Ming Hanlin Academy compiler Qian Fu has a poem titled "Cuju", describing the scene of women's soccer games: "Cuju when the field in February day, the immortal wind blowing down the two Cindy. Sweat stains the pink face and flowers with dew, while dust puffs the moth brows and willow with smoke. The green sleeves are hanging low over the jade shoots, and the red skirt is trailing diagonally to reveal the golden lotus. I hate to kill the beautiful boys in Chang'an." The description of women is meticulous. From the poem, we can see that in the flower season of spring and February, two young girls were playing soccer with "sweat on their pink faces and dew on their flowers, dust on their moth brows and smoke on their willows." The whole poem to flower season, flower dew, green willow, jade shoots, golden lotus and other flowers and flowers, depicting the life of young girls and beautiful demeanor, image, vivid. The beauty of the maiden like the moon like a flower is written in a natural and innocent way.
Ming Dynasty Jinling prostitute Ma Ruyu also wrote a "kicking" poem, the same is to watch the women's soccer game and made: "waist curling force slightly, rolling red dust refers to the feathered clothes. Crescent moon temples star wants to fall, pomegranate skirt bottom phoenix than fly."
Yuan Hongdao of the Public Security School of the Ming Dynasty, "Yuan Zhonglang Suibi - Shakuji Volume," reads, "How can one art in life is not accomplished. Poetry is not, that is to specialize in chess,...... and not, that is to be a intention to cu leather ball 搊弹, such as the world called Cha eighty, Guo Taoist, etc. is also."
Ming Zhang Dai "Taoan Dream Memory - Qi Zhixiang fetish" contained: "people without fetish can not be handed over to its no deep feelings; people without defects can not be handed over to its no real gas. Yu friend prayer Qi Zhixiang have painting addiction, cu leather ball addiction, ...... "(Volume IV)" Taoan Dream Memory - Yangzhou Qingming "contained:" Yangzhou Qingming Day, the city of men and women out, ...... all good people, all salty set. All good men and women come out in the city on Qingming Day, and all good men and women gather. Long ponds and grass, walking horses and eagles; high foo Pinggang, cockfighting leather ball; lush forests and clear shade, split ruan playing zheng. ...... prodigal son sumo wrestling, children's paper kites, ......" (Volume V)
Ming and Qing novels "three words and two beats", "Water Margin", "Journey to the West", "The Golden Vase", "The Golden Vase", "The Golden Vase" and "The Golden Vase". Journey to the West", "Jin Pingmei", "Dream of the Red Chamber", "Liaozhai Zhiyi", also have a description of cuju.
According to the Qing Dynasty - Xu Ke "Qing Barnyard notes - theater class - cu leather ball": "cu leather ball, the game. Leather ball, also as a bow, hairballs are also rumored to have started at the time of the Yellow Emperor, divided into the left and right Cao to kick. ......" and cited Chen Jialing "Wing beauty cu leather ball" words, depicting the women's cu leather ball of all kinds of feelings, there are "counting the white playing swing and Ge five, always no intention. And crystal curtain, diagonally through the bow domain ......" and other sentences. The Qing barnyard class notes - theater class - soccer ":" soccer, and cuju similar, cover the western law also, when the Xuantong prevailed. The material for the Indian rubber or rubber-coated canvas, drums full of gas, wrapped in a leather bag, a round diameter of about eight or nine inches. When the game, people divided into two groups, together with the three hundred and thirty feet long and one hundred and sixty feet wide square. The two ends of the field, each set up eighteen feet long and six feet wide wooden frame for the door, to the ball can be kicked into the opposite door for the winner." Qiu Zunqian, a native of Peixian, Xuzhou, was able to use a large sword that weighed about ten pounds, and he was able to use a large sword that weighed about ten pounds, and he was able to use a large sword that weighed about ten pounds. Qiu Zunqian is a native of Peixian, Xuzhou. He can make a big sword, weighing ten pounds, and is called Qiu Dazhu (邱大刀). ...... drive Qilu, ...... cu leather ball for fun, ......"; "qing taolu class notes - technology and courage class - Feng's female hair sleeve arrows" contained: "Feng's female, the registration of Dengzhou, ...... female beauty and beauty, the work of hostage bomb walking horse, and swing, cuu leather ball, high jacks and all the skills, ......".
"Dream of Red Mansions" twenty-eighth written Puri Ming "a path to the east of the two doors to come, coincidentally, the door on the boys in the canopies underneath the kicking ball ......" here is written to kick the stone ball. According to the late Qing Dynasty "Beijing Folk Customs" sixty-four chart "kick stone ball" in the kicking method: two people to two stone ball for the bet, with some broken bricks and tiles paving the ground, with a ball first set up a place, the two balls away from seven, eight feet away, each person kicked twice, kicked for the win. The last emperor Puyi's fourth brother Aixinjueluo Pu Ren, grew up in the Prince's residence life, had seen the eunuchs kick stone ball, the ball kicked similar to hold in the hands of kneading the muscles and bones of the fitness ball, kicking method is to use the toes to step on the ball, and then kicked forward to hit the other side for the win. Whether it is a picture record, or the description of the old man, are with the foot "kick" the ball, not the modern soccer kick. Kick stone ball is actually "kick" the ball, kick stone ball game after excavation and finishing, officially become a mass competition sports, with the "Cuju" of the "Cuju" word, named Cuju ball.
In Pu Songling's "Liaozhai Zhiyi" "Xiao Cui", depicting the scene of Xiao Cui cu cu: "The first good banter, pricked cloth as a round, cu cu for a laugh. With small leather boots, cu to dozens of steps ...... " clouds. There is a longer "Wang Shixiu", is to write the story of the father and son of the good cuju: "Wang Shixiu, Luzhou people. Just brave and powerful, can lift the stone pounding. Father and son are good at cuju." The father drowned in the Qiantang River more than forty years ago. Later, Wang Shixiu traveled south to Dongting Lake, night parked by the lake, thinking of his father's death, could not sleep. Suddenly saw five people out of the lake, spread a large mat on the water, drinking and enjoying. After the wine took out a crystal transparent ball, "**** cu. Cuju up more than ten feet, light shaking shot people's eyes. Wang Shixiu see that old man will kick the ball like his father, will sit up in the boat to watch. At this time, it happened that the ball fell beside him. Wang Shixiu a moment of itch, they kicked back, the old man saw the situation and exclaimed: "This our family meteor crutch" kick. Who knows Wang Shixiu kicked too hard, kicked the ball broken, all of a sudden people on the lake, the ball is nowhere to be seen. It turned out that the four people are fish spirit. His father drowned and was saved by the fish spirit to stay as a servant, and the kicking ball was made of fish fat. Pu Songling in writing the ball was kicked out of the drop, said: "There is a leakage of light, under the shot like a rainbow, Chi Ran fast fall; as the comet of the sky, straight into the water, rolling for the sound of boiling bubbles and out."
China's ancient cuju movement, after thousands of years, in the Han and Tang dynasties, Song, Yuan and Ming times, had issued a comet like a shining light, but to the Qing Dynasty, but "straight into the water, rolling for the sound of boiling bubbles and out." ......
Soccer is undoubtedly one of the most popular sports in the World Cup today, and as a peacetime war, it has long been far beyond the meaning of the game itself evolved into a cultural and social phenomenon, and the World Cup is precisely this culture of a world event. From every corner of the world of different nationalities, different colors, different ethnicities, different languages players in the World Cup on the field to enjoy the real world is difficult to find the fairness, unity, fraternity ...... World Cup, is the highest temple of all soccer players dream.
The earliest match with the nature of the World Cup appeared in the 1920 Belgian Olympic Games, 22 teams from South America, Asia and Africa to participate in the soccer tournament.1929, in the FIFA Congress, President Rémytte formally announced the birth of the World Cup, we will hold the World Cup tournament, the teams of all member countries will be together! share this tournament. Since then, in addition to the World War II period due to the war and suspended, the world's FIFA member countries can enjoy the World Cup every four years on the feast.