There are Huaihai Opera, Kunqu, Huaiju Opera, Yangju Opera and Tongju Opera.
1, Huaihai Opera
Huaihai Opera, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province, Lianyungang City, local traditional theater, one of the national intangible cultural heritage.
The Huaihai Opera is one of the main local opera genres in Jiangsu Province, popular in Lianyungang City, Huai'an City, Suqian City and some counties in Xuzhou City and Yancheng City, with a history of more than two hundred years until 2019. Huaihai opera singing music is colorful, there is a difference between male and female cavity.
Huaihai opera singing is characterized by the end of the phrase suddenly turned up an octave to play the cavity, with the artistic charm of pulling people's souls, so there is a "pulling the soul of the cavity," the name. Some of the performances of Huaihai Opera are obviously born out of the rural life in northern Jiangsu Province, with a strong local flavor.
On June 14, 2008, Huaihai Opera was approved by the State Council of the People's Republic of China to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list, No. Ⅳ-104.
2, Kunqu
Kunqu (Kun Opera), formerly known as Kunshan Opera or simply Kunqiang, is a traditional Chinese opera. Kun Opera, formerly known as "Kunshan Cavity" or simply "Kun Cavity", is an ancient Chinese opera voice and theater, now also known as "Kun Opera".
Kunqu is one of the oldest types of traditional Chinese opera, and is also one of the treasures of traditional Chinese culture and art, especially opera, and is known as an "orchid" in the garden of a hundred flowers.
Kunqu originated in the 14th century in Kunshan, Suzhou, China, and was later improved by Wei Liangfu and others to the whole country, and has been leading the Chinese opera scene for nearly 300 years since the middle of the Ming Dynasty.
Kunqu combines singing, reciting, dancing and martial arts, and is known for its elegant lyrics, melodious voice and delicate performances, and is regarded as "the ancestor of all operas".
Kunqu uses drums and boards to control the rhythm of singing, and flutes and three strings as the main accompanying instruments, and its singing and reciting are in "Zhongzhou rhyme". Kunqu was listed as a UNESCO Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2001.
In December 2018, the General Office of the Ministry of Education announced that Peking University would be a base for the transmission of Chinese traditional culture.
3, Huai Opera
Huai Opera, also known as Jianghuai Opera and Huai Opera, is an ancient local opera genre that originated in Huai'an City, present-day Jiangsu Province, as well as the area around Lixiahe in Yancheng City, and flourished in modern Shanghai City, and is now popular in Jiangsu Province, Shanghai City, and parts of Anhui Province.
In the mid-Qing Dynasty, in the areas of Huai'an (present-day Yancheng City and Huai'an City) and Yangzhou, a form of rap developed from farmers' calls and field songs "swimming pool" and "rice-planting tunes" was popular among the local people. "It is sung by a single person or in pairs, called "er ko zi," and is performed only with bamboo clappers.
After that, Huaiju was combined with the "incense play" of the northern Suzhou folk gods, and then influenced by Hui opera and Beijing opera (called Hui Jiao Ke), which gradually enriched its singing, performance and repertoire, thus forming Huaiju.
In June 2008, the Shanghai Huaiju Opera Troupe and Yancheng City in Jiangsu Province declared Huaiju Opera to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list approved by the State Council.
In May 2011, Huaiju Opera, jointly declared by Huai'an City and Taizhou City in Jiangsu Province, was extended into the third batch of national intangible cultural heritage list approved by the State Council, and in January 2015, Baoying County in Yangzhou City was selected into the fourth batch of intangible cultural heritage list of Jiangsu Province approved by the government of Jiangsu Province
4. Yang Opera
Yangju Opera, a traditional local theater of Yangzhou City in Jiangsu Province, is a national intangible cultural heritage. It is one of the national intangible cultural heritages. Formerly known as "Weiyang Opera" and commonly known as "Yangzhou Opera", Yangju Opera is popular in Yangzhou and Zhenjiang in Jiangsu Province, and parts of Anhui Province, Nanjing and Shanghai.
It is based on the Yangzhou folk song and dance opera, flower-drum opera, and the incense play played by male witches in the northern part of Jiangsu Province, and absorbed the Yangzhou qingqiu, local folk songs and ditties, and finally took shape.
Yangju has a long history and rich heritage, and is not only an important part of Yangzhou's traditional culture, but also has a special place in the history of the development of Chinese local opera. Yang Opera has many musical compositions and roles such as Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou, emphasizing the performance of Chou and Dan, forming a basic comedy style.
On May 20, 2006, Yang Opera was selected by the State Council of the People's Republic of China as one of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritages, with the heritage number of Ⅳ-56.
5. Tong Opera
Tong Opera is one of the traditional operas in Nantong, Jiangsu Province. Originally a boy play, it originated from the upper boy. The boy is a folk sorcerer, originating from the witch culture of Chu and Yue, "dancing to subdue the gods", and forming the Nantong boy in the Nantong area, which is rich in local characteristics of the sorcerer.
Boys dance and sing in rituals, prayers, invocations and other activities, and gradually add some stories and seven-word tunes to the lyrics, and this way of singing for the people's enjoyment, and then slowly spread, and finally mounted on the stage, the formation of the Tong Opera.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Kunqu
Baidu Encyclopedia - Tongju
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Baidu Encyclopedia - Yangju
Baidu Encyclopedia - Huai Opera
Baidu Encyclopedia - Huaihai Opera