Abbreviated as Guangdong. Guangdong Province has always been at the forefront of reform and opening up, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou took the lead in establishing special economic zones, has become China's first economic province. Guangdong Province is located in the southernmost part of mainland China, bordering the South China Sea in the south, separated from Hainan by the Qiongzhou Strait, bordering Guangxi in the west, neighboring Hunan and Jiangxi in the north, and intersecting with Fujian in the east. The province is located in low latitude, and the Tropic of Cancer crosses the center of the land. Guangdong Province has a humid subtropical monsoon climate. The terrain of Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south, with mountains, plains and hills interspersed in the territory. Most of the rivers flow from north to south, mainly the Pearl River, Han River and Jianjiang River. Guangdong is a famous hometown of overseas Chinese. There are about 6 million Hong Kong and Macao compatriots with ancestry in Guangdong, and about 22 million overseas Chinese and Chinese, who are spread all over the world.
Geographic profile
Guangdong is located in the southernmost part of mainland China, with a land area of 17.98 million square kilometers and a total length of 3,368 kilometers of mainland coastline. There are numerous islands. It is bordered by the South China Sea in the south. Bounded by the Qiongzhou Strait and Hainan across the sea. In the west, it borders with Guangxi. The north is neighboring with Hunan and Jiangxi, and the east is intersected with Fujian. The province is located in low latitude, the Tropic of Cancer crosses the middle of the land. The terrain of Guangdong is high in the north and low in the south. It is crisscrossed by mountains, plains and hills. The highest peak in the province is Shikeng Kong, located at the northwest end of the Benli Mountain Range, with an elevation of 1,902 meters. Most of the rivers flow from north to south, mainly the Pearl River, Han River and Jianjiang River. The Pearl River is the third largest river in China. The fertile land of the Pearl River Delta and Han River Delta along the South China Sea is famous as the land of fish and rice.
Climatic Characteristics
Guangdong Province has a subtropical and tropical monsoon climate, and is a region in China that is particularly rich in light, heat and water resources. The average annual temperature is above 19℃, except for Lianshan in northwest Guangdong. The latitudinal distribution of temperature is more obvious, roughly low in the north and high in the south. Annual precipitation in most parts of Guangdong ranges from 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters, but it is unevenly distributed and varies greatly from region to region and from year to year. Guangdong is also one of the provinces in China most frequently hit by typhoons.
Natural Resources
Guangdong Province is rich in animal and plant species, of which there are more than 1,000 species of wild-resource plants, among which there are more than 30 species of ancient plants, such as the water pine, the sundew, and the tree ferns, which are known as Guangdong's living fossils. The total number of plant species in the Nanling region in the north exceeds the total number of plant species in central and northern China, which is known as the green treasure house. There are also patches of mangrove forests growing in the mudflats along the coast of the Pearl River Estuary. There are more than 700 species of wild animals, and rare animals include the Sumen antelope and the South China tiger. The South China Sea covers an area of 273 square kilometers of fresh water, with more than 860 kinds of fish. Guangdong has 85 kinds of mineral resources with proven reserves, of which most are non-ferrous metals. Petroleum and natural gas resources are also abundant.
Transportation
Guangdong is the southern gate of the motherland, adjacent to Hong Kong and Macao, is China's access to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Oceania, the Middle East and Africa and other regions of the nearest sea. The province's well-developed transportation, centered on Guangzhou, sea, land, air traffic and transportation network, accessible in all directions. There are more than 100 ports. Civil aviation airport 8. There are Beijing-Kowloon, Beijing-Guangzhou, Guangzhou-Meizhou-Shantou, Sanmao and other railroad lines, and Guangzhou-Shenzhen quasi-high-speed buses through Kowloon. Highways are well-connected and of high grade.
Economic Overview
Guangdong Province, industrial and agricultural production development rate higher than the national average incremental level. Guangdong's industries mainly include foodstuffs, household electrical appliances, plastic products, garments, cigarettes, ceramics, textiles, silk, machinery, electronics, electric power, coal, petroleum, shipbuilding, automobiles, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, building materials, metallurgy, and so on. A complete industrial system has been formed. The categories and output value of the electronics industry are among the highest in the country. Guangdong is also a national production base for rice, vegetables and fruits. The Pearl River Delta is a production base for grain, fruit and sugar cane. The Leizhou Peninsula is a production base for tropical crops.
Cultural Customs
During the long process of historical development, Guangdong has formed a strong and distinctive local culture, with three main Chinese dialects spoken in the region: Cantonese (also known as Guangzhou dialect), Hakka dialect and Min dialect. The local music and arts are colorful and diverse, including Cantonese music, Cantonese opera, Teochew opera, Chinese opera, Lei opera and Shan opera.
Provincial Capital: Guangzhou
Guangzhou is the capital of Guangdong Province, also known as Yangcheng, or Sui for short. It is located in the central part of the province, and is connected to Huizhou City in the east. West neighboring the city of Foshan. North of Qingyuan City and Shaoguan City, south of Dongguan City, Zhongshan City. Across the sea with Hong Kong and Macao. Area of 7435 square kilometers. Jurisdiction of 10 districts, on behalf of Conghua, Zengcheng 2 county-level cities. It was the most important foreign trade port in China before the opening of five ports for trade in the Qing Dynasty, and one of the starting points of the ancient Maritime Silk Road. Now it is the transportation hub of southern China and the gateway to open to the outside world. The topography of Guangzhou City is high in the northeast and low in the southwest. The northeast is mountainous, the center is hilly and tableland, and the south is the alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta, with the Pearl River running through the city. It has favorable natural conditions, rich material resources, one of the richest areas in the country in terms of fruit trees, and developed industries. Products are abundant. The agricultural and sideline industries are based on the cultivation of rice and vegetables, and the breeding of freshwater fish and poultry. Guangzhou has the largest international trade port in South China, as well as a well-connected highway network and railroad network connecting all parts of the country.
Shenzhen
Shenzhen City is located in the southern coast of Guangdong Province, east of Dapeng Bay, west of the Pearl River estuary, south of Hong Kong and the New Territories border, north of Dongguan, Huizhou City, a total area of 2,020 square kilometers, *** set up six municipal districts. Shenzhen City belongs to the subtropical oceanic climate with abundant rainfall. The sunshine time is long and the climate is mild.
Shenzhen is a pillow of mountains facing the sea, the beautiful scenery of the seaside city, winding Dapeng Bay coastline of more than 70 kilometers long, the distribution of Dameisha, Xiaomeisha, creek; in the middle of the, DiFu, water Shatou, Xichong, such as the water and sandy white beach.
Historical and cultural city: Foshan
Foshan, "originated in Jin, got its name in the Tang", has a long history. As early as during the Qin and Han Dynasties. It was already a sizable village inhabited by farmers and fishermen. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (628), three statues of Buddha were excavated in the city's Tapo Heights, which gave Foshan its name. Foshan is located in the south of Guangdong Province, in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, leaning against Guangzhou in the east and neighboring Hong Kong and Macao in the south. Foshan is full of humanistic landscapes, with cultural relics such as the Ancestral Temple, Confucius Temple and Huang Gongzhi. The Ancestral Temple of Foshan, built in the Northern Song Dynasty, is the first of all the temples in Foshan; Shunde Qinghui Garden, one of the four famous gardens in Guangdong during the Qing Dynasty. In addition, there are Confucius Temple, the former residence of Kang Youwei in Nanhai, Linggui Pagoda and so on. Over the centuries, Foshan has been home to many famous people, including Chen Qiyuan, Huang Feihong, Kang Youwei, Zhan Tianyou, Wu Corns, and Bruce Lee. Foshan is also the birthplace of Cantonese opera in China.
Historical and Cultural City: Zhaoqing
Located in the central part of Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing is one of the birthplaces of the indigenous cultures of ancient Lingnan. Bronzes unearthed in the territory show that by the late Spring and Autumn period, the Lingnan indigenous culture of Zhaoqing had begun to merge with the Shang and Zhou cultures of the Central Plains and the Chu and Yue cultures of the Yangtze River basin. The county was established in Han Dynasty. In the Sui Dynasty, Duanzhou was established, and in the Song Dynasty it was called Zhaoqing, which means "the beginning of good fortune and celebration". Many famous people in history, such as Li Yong, a Tang Dynasty writer, Rongrui, a Japanese monk who studied in Tang, Huineng, the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism, Bao Zheng, a famous minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, Matteo Ricci, an Italian missionary, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the pioneer of the revolution, and Ye Ting, a famous general of the Northern Expedition, have all left their footprints in Zhaoqing. Zhaoqing has many cultural relics and monuments. These include the Song City Wall, Piyunlou, Meian, Yijianglou, Chongxi Pagoda, Li Qiaolou, the former site of Ye Ting's Independent Regiment, and the Qixingyan Cliff Rock Carvings. There are also the remains of the Sixth Patriarch of Zen Buddhism, the East and West Mosques and so on. Star Lake and Ding Lake are famous scenic spots in Zhaoqing. Star Lake is known as the first wonder of Lingnan. Dinghu Mountain ranks first among the four famous mountains in Guangdong and is known as a living natural museum.
Zhuhai
Zhuhai is located in the southwest corner of the Pearl River Delta, west of the Pearl River Estuary. It is bordered by Lingding Sea in the east and Macau in the south. 140 kilometers from Guangzhou City. The city is bordered on three sides by the sea, numerous harbors and bays, the terrain within the scattered and complex, both low hills, isolated mountains, plains, mudflats and mangrove coast. Industries include electronics, machinery, textiles, light industry, chemicals, plastics, glass and ceramics, pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, construction materials, as well as the electric power industry. Agricultural products include rice, sugar cane, vegetables, flowers and fruits such as lychee, pineapple, banana, plantain and citrus. Aquatic resources are rich and varied, with the famous Wanshan Fishing Farm.
Leizhou Peninsula
Leizhou Peninsula is one of the three major peninsulas in China, named for its many thunderstorms. The Leizhou Peninsula is in the southwestern part of Guangdong Province, stretching between the Gulf of Tonkin and Leizhou Bay, with an area of about 8,000 square kilometers. The southern part of the peninsula is separated from Hainan Island by the Qiongzhou Strait. The terrain of the peninsula is single, gently undulating, dominated by terraces, followed by marine plains. The slope of the ground is generally only 3~5 meters. The northern part of the peninsula has a gentle sloping pond terrain. The elevation is 25~50 meters. There are 7 volcanic mounds on the tableland such as Luigangling, Jiaocheling and Hukuangyan. The basalt terrace in the southern part of the peninsula is very flat, with 10 volcanic mounds distributed, generally 25~80 meters above sea level, with the high ones reaching over 200 meters. The peninsula is surrounded by the sea on three sides. The coastline is about 1,180 kilometers long, and the total length of the coastline of the island is 1,450 kilometers. On the east coast, there are sea-forming plains along the coast, with sandy and muddy beaches on the outer edge, and islands such as Donghai, Nansan and Scammon Island. The northeastern side of the peninsula has a modern level of the South China Sea port of Zhanjiang, one of China's foreign trade ports and fishing bases. Huanghuagang seventy-two martyrs tomb
The mausoleum door is a tall pagoda, horizontal rows of three arches, Mr. Sun Yat-sen's inscription, "Vastness lives forever," a few big words engraved in the middle of the tomb door. The grave path is wide, and there are a lot of monuments and stones. Square kiosk on the tree "seventy-two martyrs of the tomb" monument, behind the "Kigong Fang", 72 stone stacked pyramid-shaped roof, a torch holding the Statue of Liberty stands on the top. Zhang Taiyan inscribed the name of this square with the ancient seal script of "Seventy-two Martyrs of the Founding of the Republic of China". The stone tablet at the back of the square details the uprising. The mausoleum is filled with yellow flowers throughout the year to symbolize the immortal spirit of the martyrs.
Humen Fortress
Humen is located in the throat of the Pearl River seawater channel, south of the sea, north of Guangzhou Huangpu Harbor, Guangzhou is the gateway to the sea. Throughout the generations, soldiers have been defending the place. Humen Fortress, also known as the Hutumen Fortress. Because of the mouth of the door within the size of the tiger mountain, resembling two downhill tiger perched on the river and named. Lin Zexu, Guan Tianpei in this *** layout to build 11 batteries, set more than 300 cannons. Weiyuan battery built in the rock in front of the Nanshan battery, and Zhenyuan, Jingyuan two batteries in a zigzag layout. Between the fortresses tied with chains, stakes, rows of chains not in the water, forming a strong position to block the invasion of foreign ships, known as the Golden Lock Copper Pass. Located in the southeast of Humen Shajiao Fortress remains 3000 kg ancient cannon a door, is the 15th year of the Daoguang (1835) Foshan casting.
Nanhua Temple
Nanhua Temple was built in the North and South Dynasties in the first year of Liang Tianjian (502), and later Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty gave the "Nanhua Zen Temple", the name of the temple is inherited to this day. Nanhua Temple is located 22 kilometers southeast of Shaoguan City on the banks of Caoxi, where the Sixth Patriarch Huineng founded Zen Buddhism. It is the ancestral home of Zen Buddhism. Nanhua Temple is symmetrical layout on both sides of the central axis. Entering from the main gate. In turn, there are Caoxi Gate, Release Pond, Baolin Gate, Heavenly King Hall, Maharishi's Treasure Hall and so on.
Kaiping Watchtower
Kaiping Watchtower is Kaiping City around the unique vernacular architectural groups, up to more than 3,000. Existing more than 1800. These towers set residence and defense functions in one, the integration of Chinese and Western architectural art in one. Is a unique historical and cultural landscape, known as the "shocking architectural art gallery". It is one of the best in the world.
Zhongying Street
Zhongying Street is one of the eight scenic spots in Shenzhen. Chung Ying Street has the world's unique characteristics of a street with two systems, the center of the street there are eight boundary stone, the boundary stone on both sides of the stone were engraved in Chinese and English on the boundary stone order number, the time of the stone. With this as the boundary, part of it belongs to Shenzhen and part of it belongs to Hong Kong. This small street is 250 meters long and about 3 meters wide. With stores on both sides and a wide range of goods, Chung Ying Street is now a tourist hotspot and a bustling commodity trading location. after the handover of Hong Kong on July 1, 1997, Chung Ying Street lost its original significance and became a historical site.
Window of the World
Window of the World covers an area of about 480,000 square meters. The scenic area is divided according to the content of the excursion activities and the world's geographical structure, large and small attractions *** there are 118 which include the Egyptian pyramids, the Grand Canyon of the United States, the Taj Mahal in India, the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, the Temple of Karnak-Amon, St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, the Opera House in Sydney, Australia, the Angkor Wat in Cambodia, the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy, and other world-famous landscapes. World Square stands 10 world-famous sculptures, 108 different styles of large stone pillars and nearly 2,000 square meters of relief walls towering around the square, in addition to six giant gates and a magnificent stage, six of which are used to symbolize the birthplace of the world's ancient civilizations. Through the Window of the World, visitors can learn about many wonderful views of the outside world.
Seven Star Rock
Seven Star Rock is charming and colorful, known as the "peaks and dangers, stone is different, hole strange, temple ancient", the key tour area has seven rocks, eight holes, five lakes, six Gang, can be viewed at the site of about 80 places. Tianzhu Rock is the highest. Elevation 117 meters. Stone room caves left many cultural relics up to the Tang Dynasty, down to the Republic of China, accounting for 64% of the entire Qixingyan cliff rock carvings.
Chen Family Ancestral Hall
The Chen Family Ancestral Hall, the Chen Family Academy, is located on Zhongshan 7th Road in Guangzhou City. It was built in the 16th to 20th years of the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty (1890-1894), and it was a joint ancestral hall of the Chen Family name in 72 counties of Guangdong Province at that time. The whole building is situated from north to south, and consists of 19 buildings of 3 entrances, 5 rooms, 9 halls and 6 courtyards. A collection of Lingnan folk architecture and decorative arts, known for its "three carvings, three plastics, a cast iron", known as the hundred Guangdong Crown Shrine. The center of the academy is the main hall, Juxian Hall. The whole building is rigorously symmetrical, with a rich hierarchy between the real and the imaginary. The long corridor and Qingyun Lane make the whole building well-connected, and the courtyards and gardens are dotted with them, forming a whole that is independent and yet interconnected. Chen's Academy is famous for its superb decorative craftsmanship, and the architectural decorations are widely used in different styles of craftsmanship, such as wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, ceramic molding, gray molding, frescoes, and copper and iron casting.
Since Yunshan
Baiyunshan is located in the northern part of Guangzhou City and is one of the famous mountains in Southern Guangdong. Known as the first show in Yangcheng, it consists of more than 30 peaks. Climbing high up can overlook the city and look at the Pearl River. Whenever the sky clears after rain or in late spring. The mountain is surrounded by white clouds, from which the mountain gets its name.
Danxia Mountain
Danxia Mountain is located in the northern part of Guangdong Province, China. The body of Danxia Mountain consists of red sandstone conglomerate, and the various Danxia peaks developed along the vertical joints are so characteristic that it is called the Red Rock Park of China, which is the naming place of the Danxia landform. Between 140 million and 70 million years ago, the Danxia Mountain area was a large inland basin that deposited thick red strata. After 70 million years ago, the basin underwent many intermittent uplifts and undercutting erosion by flowing water. The red rock layers of the Danxia Basin were cut into a cluster of red mountains. Formed the present beautiful scenery of Danxia Mountain.