Successive feudal dynasties have taken the world by force, in order to maintain the rule of the compilation of martial arts dances that glorify the martial arts achievements of the dynasty, which are used in suburban temples and rituals. Such as the Zhou Dynasty ritual and music system of "six dances" in the "Do Ho Suh", "Dawu" is a martial arts dance. Tang Dynasty music is attached to the dance circulation, Tang Taizong for the King of Qin, the army so the King of Qin broken music, Li Shimin and personally made the broken dance map "seven virtues of the dance", ordered the minister Lv Cai and others to teach musicians 128 people, armor and halberd and dance. In the sixth year of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi sent Wang Shao to lead his troops out of the fortress. Wang Shao taught his soldiers to practice the "Astonishing Drums" during his martial arts lectures, so that when they were fighting against the enemy, they would use the "Astonishing Drums" to invigorate themselves and deter the enemy troops. Comparing the "Do Ho Suh," "Dawu," "Dance of Seven Virtues," and "Astonishing Drums" with the Drums Yangge, there are similarities in their moods, dance techniques, and utility. The Drums Yangge is most likely the Han Chinese folk dance of the period (or it may have been a palace dance or an army dance), whose social function was undoubtedly to inspire the mood for battle, and which was the preview and reenactment of the war.
The reason why it is said that the drum rice-planting song was shaped by the martial dance during the Tang and Song dynasties is that it has the spiritual characteristics of this era. Shandong since ancient times, frequent wars, Shanghe is located in the hinterland, but also the war knot, suffered from the suffering of the war, blood and fire baptism of the Shanghe people not only exercise the spirit of prima donna, but also in the war to learn the war, and some of the means of war for the Han folk dance, but also due to the Shanghe as a subject of the State of Qi, the long time by the culture of Confucius, Sun Zi, the two saints of the culture of the martial arts, the dance out of the dance with the "Great wind" ancient Qi music and dance level, after thousands of performances, refined militarized organizational forms, unpredictable dance formations, rough and bold style of the generals, invincible heroes, which is the temperament of the Shandong Han, that is, the soul of the dance. As a life mood and impulses shaped into the human body rhythms of Shanghe drums Yangge participants, can express their emotions, show their strength, in the beauty and power of the vortex of self-absorption, it is suddenly like a tiger down the mountain, suddenly like a short battle, suddenly like a running cloud and water ...... but nothing is like, to see, to hear, to feel is some false entity! It is the cohesion of force that is invincible, and thus has a strong shocking power. "Sacrifice" and "ritual" are the means by which the ruling class restrained the people's moral norms and code of conduct. Before the Yin and Shang dynasties, people took the god of eyes as the master of all things and sacrificed to him day and night. In the Zhou Dynasty, the Emperor of Heaven was honored and sacrificed on festivals (days), along with Shennong and Houji, until the end of the Qing Dynasty. Ceremony is very grand, up to the Son of Heaven, three princes and nine ministers, lords and feudal lords, down to the state government and county government offices, up and down all together to engage in, initially with mandatory and semi-mandatory, and then gradually become customary. Shanghe County Records recorded in the county suburban festival activities: one day before the spring, the government rate of the people with the Mang God soil cattle, people rows and households play fishing and reading plowing and woodcutting plays, before the sunrise out of the east gate, towards the southeast direction of worship, sunrise to see the sun's rays can predict when the abundance of agricultural affairs good or bad. It can be seen from the above that those in power need to "sacrifice", "to master their people", and the masses of people also tend to be confused about their fate, and hope that the gods and ancestors to give happiness. Rural "rituals", by the patriarch rate of "fishing, reading, plowing and woodcutting plays", the seventh day of the first month (People's Day) evening to the temple shrine to worship the gods and ancestors, burn incense packets run "trip", solemn and solemn, offering Three sacrifices, three scriptures, three worship nine kowtow, burning firewood and paper money to run "field", praying for six requirements: good weather, abundant harvests, many children, good fortune, good fortune, eliminating military disasters, far from the sin and disease.
Because of the "fishing, reading, plowing and woodcutting plays" (now known as drums, rice-planting songs), year-round participation in "rituals", "rituals" activities, become part of the inertia of feudal society, this direct social merit and benefit of the mechanism. Part of this direct social utility, a constant factor in the value orientation of folk dance, also gave the drum rice-planting songs to survive and circulate the conditions, and thus passed down from generation to generation. At the end of the Yuan and the early Ming and early Qing dynasties, a large number of immigrants from abroad, they not only promote the local economic development, but also brought the music and dance culture from all over the Shanghe confluence, folk songs and dances from the alleviation of the heavy burden of labor, rituals to drive away the loam, inspire the enthusiasm for fighting the practical and utilitarian art gradually to the blessing of the amusement, self-entertainment, the main theme from the celebration of the heavy and mysterious evolution of joyfulness and joyfulness, the Ming and Qing dynasties flourished.
Drum rice-planting song is commonly known locally as "run (haunted) fifteen", "haunted play", set of song and dance juggling in a, is the continuation of the Han Dynasty "hundred plays". Folk activities on the seventh night of the first month of ancestor worship, the official start of the eighth, seventeen night umbrella, before and after ten days, of which fifteen, sixteen, seventeen three days for the climax. Shanghe County Records" recorded the city "run fifteen" scene: "the country has been Xingyi ecstatic, the new fourteen hanging clothes, tomorrow morning, but I hope there is no snow and wind, try to show off the talent to make a scene," "is the day of the women gathered, the way to the plug, since the morning to the twilight! From morning to nightfall, there was an endless stream of people." "Rural people rows and households play fishing, reading, plowing and woodcutting plays, wine feasts and songs to compete for the party, where three nights." Rural areas according to their own conditions, a number of forms of literature and art together, focusing on the performance of the umbrella drum dance, dancers do not sing, singers do not dance, this form of self-indulgent activities in the form of a hundred plays in a particular historical conditions, borrowing simple props, the skills passed down from ancestors, repressed emotions, in a reasonable and legal space and time, will not usually say, do not dare to say, can not say the words, nestled in the heart of the sweet and sour, bitter and spicy, the A brain through the body parts of the rhythm, but also dance and also said and sung to vent out, to be psychological self-regulation, self-soothing, self-relief, re-beat the gongs and drums to reopen, in anticipation of the next year wins this year. Shanghe is located in a remote area with inconvenient transportation, and the long and closed natural economy not only slowed down the development of production, but also made the folk dance take on a strong color of small peasant economy, and the dancing skills (especially the "head umbrella" leading the field) were taught by the father to teach the son and the son to teach the grandchildren from generation to generation, and the form of the organization was the inheritance of the feudal patriarchal system, which not only resulted in the distinctive regional characteristics of the drums and rice-planting songs, but also caused the cronyism of the drums and rice-planting songs. Regional characteristics, and because of the limitations of nepotism, in the county gradually formed three schools of umbrella drums, although the various schools interpenetrate each other to form a style of "a village a kind of", but due to the "days do not change the Road is also unchanged", although thousands of years down the stream does not go out of style, but the "improvement" is not the same. The way, but "improve" is quite slow, roughly look year after year is the same old thing, and by those in power that it is a folk juggling not to the Hall of Harmlessness, left to its own devices, especially in the Japanese invasion of the eight years, the people suffer, Yangge almost extinct. 1945 Shanghe liberation, accompanied by the development of production, join the army in support of the front, the mass of Yangge appear! It became a reflection of the people's spirit of getting a new life. After the founding of the country, there were two climaxes of Yangge activities, both related to the Party's policy and the happy mood of the farmers to increase their income, but also is the result of literary and art workers to adhere to the "two for" direction and the "two hundred" policy.
(1) Based on the local community, relying on the masses, insisting on the promotion of national culture.
Early eighties, with the tide of reform and opening up, western disco, breakdancing popular in the east of this ancient land, some yellow culture also take advantage of the opportunity to proliferate, "the six evils", this cultural infiltration has caused serious concern, a good way is to carry forward the national culture, enhance the national self-esteem, self-confidence, self-reliance, anti-infiltration and anti-corrosion, the spirit of the "two hundred" policy. The good way is to promote national culture, enhance the spirit of national self-esteem, self-confidence and self-reliance, anti-infiltration, anti-corrosion, Shanghe County Party Committee, the county government adhere to the local, from the folk dance into the majority of the masses united under the banner of the Chinese national characteristics of the culture of the reform and opening up for more than 20 years, held every year the county drums rice-planting song Festival (this year is the 22nd), every year dozens of hundreds of rice-planting song team, thousands of tens of thousands of people to participate in the performances, the sound of the drums everywhere dongdang, everywhere, streaming light, as far as ninety years old, as low as Children as young as five or six years old, three generations of a family performing on the same stage, siblings playing roles, everywhere is the persistence of a deep love, giving full play to the self-entertainment of the drums and rice-planting songs and its unique cohesion and centripetal function, consolidating and developing a new type of socialist relations within the people's equality, solidarity, mutual love and mutual assistance, such a healthy and upward cultural atmosphere, objectively resisting the encroachment of all kinds of corrupt culture, to ensure the smooth progress of reform and opening up. The smooth progress of the reform and opening-up.
(2) Inheritance is important, innovation is important, and efforts are made to create a dance culture worthy of the great era
As early as in the 1950s, a large number of music and dance workers came to Shanghe to deepen their lives, and spent a long time unconditionally learning from the people in the "source", digging and organizing the national cultural heritage. In the early sixties, Shanghe drum rice-planting song was selected as the teaching material of Han folk dance of Beijing Dance Academy. More than ten professional literary groups in and out of the province created artistic masterpieces based on the dance vocabulary of the drums and rice-planting songs, and their performances at home and abroad aroused a strong reaction. Local arts and cultural workers are blessed, on the basis of inheriting the tradition, in addition to the rough and refined, highlighting the character of Shandong Dahan, highlighting the national characteristics, not only in the national competitions and major events won the honor, but also should be invited from all over the country, rice-planting members of the footprints into the country's more than 20 provinces and cities of the plaza and the stage, which fully demonstrates that, drums rice-planting song with the collision of the times, the more obvious its own glory and eternal value. At the same time, it also cultivates and creates a group of talents, such as Fu Junyan, Shang Yushan and Feng Luyi from the cultural department, who won the "Choreographer's Award" in the national competition, and Shang Yushan, who is the "head drummer" of Merchant Village, who won the "Outstanding Performer's Award". Shang Yushan of Merchant Village won the "Outstanding Performer Award". Yangmiao Village's "head umbrella" Li Chuanzhen, fifty years of rice-planting history was made into a TV movie "Rice-planting Li". There are also Yangmiao, merchants, three cap, Sanlizhuang, Wei set more than a dozen backbone performance team, and recently cultivated the Yuhuangmiao martial arts school, white set of children's drums rice-planting song team, won awards in competitions, but also to be congratulated.
3) the first national Shanghe drums rice-planting song seminar held in Shanghe
For further exploration of the drums rice-planting song source and combined with the characteristics of the times to develop, by the provincial, municipal and county Federation of Literature and Culture jointly organized the "first national seminar on the Shanghe drums rice-planting song" was held in February 1992 in Shanghe, from Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Sichuan, Shandong and other places of music and dance experts nearly a hundred, the central, provincial and municipal leaders of the relevant departments Wang Lie, Zhang Jingtao, Sun Changyin, Li Huali, etc. attended the meeting, as well as 13 news media on-site interviews, the participants **** more than 260 people.
According to the proposition of the seminar, received 19 papers, 16 speakers, for the seminar to perform the genre of rice-planting team of 5, the 24 performances, the delegates are presented for the various genres of the majesty and greatness of the temperament, was infected with the rich atmosphere of the times, the Chinese Dance Association Vice President Jia Zuoguang excitedly not only down to the scene and the masses with the dance, but also wielded the poems on the spot: Yellow River Culture The Yellow River culture is the birth of China, Qilu land is an oddball, drums rice-planting song shocked the world, strong mountains and rivers dance to the end of the world.
The whole conference is chaired by Chen Changmao, deputy secretary of the county party committee, and the academic seminar is hosted by Pan Zhitao and Sun Li.
In order to bring the drum rice-planting seminar to a deeper level, the General Assembly passed a resolution to set up the China Shanghe drum rice-planting song research association, elected Jia Zuoguang as president, vice chairman of the Provincial Federation of Literature and Culture Jin Xi, the city of the Dance Association, Sun Li as vice president, the county Federation of Literature and Culture Chairman Chen Xuemeng as secretary-general, the attendees are all members. This marks the seminar after the seminar will guide people to further recognize the value of drums rice-planting songs to a nation's burgeoning and flying, so that Qilu this oddball blossomed more colorful.