Treading Song
Before the Mongols entered the Central Plains, the collective dance of the clan tribes was popular, in the form of treading songs around trees. The secret history of Mongolia "has a record, said to be standing Khutusi (Genghis Khan's uncle) in becoming the Hohan (leader of the tribe), in the exclusion of child harm Naheichuan held a celebration, "Mongolia's celebration is a dance feast to celebrate," both elected Khutusi as Khan, so to "dance around the pines and trees, straight step out of the groove without ribs, so to". Straight step out of the groove without ribs, without the dust of the knee carry on". Dance around the tree or dance in a circle for the original form of nomadic dance. "Under the shade of the luxuriant trees, they danced and feasted, trampling the weeds and the ground" (both in "The Secret History of Mongolia"). Ancient Mongolian nomadic tribes lived in the form of "kulun", each "kulun" is round, the tribal leader's tent is in the center, and other people surround it in layers, so they used to sing and dance in a circle, and they also liked to stomp their feet and step (Mordegema, "Mongolian Dance Culture"). Mongolian Dance Culture"), the Yuan Dynasty from the steppe into the metropolis is still popular in this dance form. And in the lofty palace hall, the banquet also dance song, "Dropout Records" recorded: "yellow sheep's tail, Wen Leopard tire, jade liquid dripping longevity cup. Nine halls high purple tent warm, singing in the sound of joy like thunder." To this day, this form of impromptu song-treading (and moving movements) is still preserved in the Mongolian folk "Andai", and although there are various legends, the characteristics of the movements show that they are the same as those of song-treading. Modgma's study identifies it as the Debnlert Tap Dance.
"Inverted Lama"
"Inverted Lama" (meaning song and dance in Mongolian) and the "Top Bowl Dance" (with a bowl on the head) now circulating in the Dulbert tribe of Inner Mongolia, as well as the "Chopsticks Dance" and "Wine Cup Dance" which are widely popular in the folklore of Ordos, and the Buddhist dance of the "Lamp Dance" and the "Jura" have a very close relationship with each other. The Old News of All Ages has talked about: "Yuan has the play of "Inverted Lah", which is also called song, lute, huqin, zheng are all played by one person, and the top of the porcelain lamp dance." Wu Changyuan of the Qing Dynasty wrote "Chenguan Zhiyu copy" has pointed out that the "inverted lah" is the name of the drama of the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, and also quoted Lu Ziyun's "Full House" words: "left holding the pipa, the right holding the amber, the huqin leaning on the Qin zheng, ice strings suddenly play, jade fingers a moment. Ice strings were suddenly played, and the jade fingers sang at the same time. Singing to the complicated sound into the broken turtle song, all the side sound. When I leaned in my ear, I felt sad, happy, and hateful. Dancers reserved dance style, double ou divided top, top burning lamp. More mouth holds Xiangzhu beat can be heard. Repeatedly back to the wind and snow, shaking the red-red candle, so make people surprised, sad and colorful extreme, color art heart sincere, four seats do not win the love." From this vivid depiction, it can be known that "Inverted Lama" is a beautiful and moving solo dance, and there are stunts, not only the lamp on the head, but also the mouth is playing the transverse flute. "Double ou divided top, top lit lamp", then refers to both top double bowl or top lit lamp. Mongolian dance artist Modgema concentrated Durbert tribal top bowl and Ordos "wine cup dance" essence, created a contemporary "cup and bowl dance", reproduced the noble, dignified, elegant, beautiful ancient Mongolian women's demeanor style, in the performance, the three porcelain bowls as if long in the human body on the parts of the head is not away from the bowl, the hand is not away from the bowl, is known as the "Oriental a great! "
The performance of the three bowls seems to have grown into parts of the human body.
Black Rooster Dance
This is an ancient folk dance popular among the Buryat Mongols, imitating the movements and cries of the black rooster, dancing, and the dancers whistling or using their tongues to accompany the chicken's cries (History of Buryat Mongolia).
Musical instruments, music and dance
In addition to the inherent Mongolian huqin and horns, Yuan dynasty musical instruments also absorbed Han instruments, such as the square rattle, capricorn drums, yu, clapperboards, etc., and the brick-carved four-legged kabuki of the Yuan Yanyouyuan year unearthed in Quwo, Shanxi Province, is a typical example. Mongolian musical compositions are scattered in the New Yuan History - Rituals and Music Zhi as well as the Dropout Records and other books. These tunes are different from the Han tunes, with a strong Mongolian national colors, in addition to the big songs, small songs, but also from the Xinjiang area, the so-called "back to the song".
The Haiqing Takes the Swan
The Haiqing is a kind of eagle, with white color, red beak, red claws, and good at taking swans, which is the totem of Genghis Khan's tribe. Mongolia put the sea green swan is a very old custom, which also produced a reflection of this life of music and dance, called "sea green swan". Yang Yunfu, a poet of the Yuan Dynasty, described this pipa song in Luanjing Miscellaneous Rhymes: "For the love of the pipa tune, the moon is not high enough to stop the wine cups. The new cavity was turned over to the Liangzhou tune, and the swan was played to avoid the sea green."
According to the record of Inner Mongolia Zamusu, the hunting song and dance at the southern foot of the Xing'anling Mountains, "Haiqing take the swan" for the two played a small song and dance, it is said that the Mongolian dance of the Shunxiao and the small mincing steps forward running, are imitated Haiqing, which can be said to be the remains of the Mongolian totem dance, worthy of attention.
"White Plume Sparrow"
"White Plume Sparrow" is the famous "Tahan Song" of Yuan Dynasty. The song is also known as "White Plume Sparrow Double-handed Bombing", which can be found in "New Yuan History - Le Zhi". Yang Weizhen "Yuan Palace Lyrics" has "founding legacy of music House passes, white plume flying on the thirteen strings" sentence (thirteen strings for the zheng, zheng is used to play the tune). Initially, Yuan Shizuizu Kublai made the actor Shuoderu compose a song to express the white plume sparrow which can control the fierce beasts and drive the swan in the land of the desert. This bird male and female chorus, the sound is pleasant, the beginning of the song slowly and softly, the end of the song urgently, showing "white grass, yellow clouds and thin sun", "chirping hundreds of birds in a variety of wrong" of the desert scenery, moving. This piece was later used as a dance piece. Zhang Yu in the "White Plume Sparrow Song" describes the women of the dance for the dance of the female tribe of the beautiful and colorful: "women of the real virgin dance into the goblet, the group of shirts and belts divided into two sides, the jade fiber sleeve cudgel branch body, and the sound of the sparrow to fly down."
Baisa Fine Music - Farewell to Loss of Thanks
This is a Yuan Dynasty song and dance song preserved in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province. According to legend, at the end of the Southern Song Dynasty (1253), the Yuan Emperor Kublai went on a southward expedition to the land of Tubo, crossed the Dadu River and arrived at the Jinsha River, and Aliang, a native priest of Lijiang's Mozhi (Naxi ethnic group) department, expressed his support for Kublai and helped him to march into Dali. Farewell Kublai Lie will music ten chapters and music workers, sheet music to A Liang. This is the source of "Baisa Fine Music" - "Farewell Thank You Gift". Lijiang Prefecture Records: Yuan Tai Di (Kublai Lie) Ge Bao crossing the river, its music is rumored to have Huqin, zheng, flute instruments, the tune of the North and South Qu, Chanting Order, a book, parasitic grass and other names. The name is fine music. According to the survey, now the Yuan Dynasty remains still retained in the Naxi Lijiang area, become the Naxi classical music and dance. And with the dance, which was originally a large suite, there are ten movements, but now only survives the music "Duk" (overture), the first chapter of "a book" (i.e., Kancheng), the second chapter of the "snowy mountains at the foot of the three shares of the water", the third chapter of the "beautiful white clouds", the fourth chapter of the "Duozhao" (i.e., barefoot jumping), the fifth chapter of the "three Siji", the sixth chapter of the "Laomangzhao" (i.e., the "larks dance"), and in addition there is the "weeping Huangtian", and so on. The other dances have been lost. The "Chikan" is a dance, and the "Kankan Chikan", "Dokan Chikan" and "Laumang Chikan" are all dances. Particularly noteworthy is the Laomangjian ("Lark Dance"), which consists of two people dressed in black and white robes with belts around their waists, pretending to be a pair of larks holding black and white fans flying around the field, with lively tunes and graceful and agile dances, which are quite like the legacy of the Yuan Dynasty. This and Shuo Deluxe made white plume sparrow and female real dance kabuki specializing in white plume sparrow dance is intrinsically linked. Chen Weiye had learned this dance from the old artists in Yunnan. To date, Dali, Yunnan Province, still preserves the Yuan Dynasty band figurines, some of these figurines play the trumpet, some blowing yu, are wearing a long robe, long boots, some wear hats and hats.
Hui Hui Qu
This is the music of Xinjiang. Dropout Records" music article says: back to the Hui Hui have "Maheimu dangdang" (dangdang that tune), "Qingquan dangdang". It is likely that "Maheimu Dangdang" is the oldest Xinjiang Uyghur music, "Muqam". "Mukam" was called "Maheimu" at that time. Genghis Khan's westward march made the east-west transportation unimpeded. Subsequently to the Yuan Dynasty (1264), Kublai controlled the situation in the north of the ridge, the power has been extended into the awe-inspiring (i.e., Uyghur) region, the western and frontier music and dance in the Yuan Dynasty is very prevalent. "Mukam" music and dance has become the metropolis (Khan Bali, that is, Beijing) and on the capital (Kaiping) performances of important programs, and so far Xinjiang region still retains the "twelve Mukam". According to scholars, "twelve Mukam" originated in the southern border and the Hetian area.