Ancient Babylonian Garden of the Air
Established
Between 604 and 562 BC.
History
Built by Nebuchadnezzar II, King of ancient Babylon, for his favorite queen. The queen was a Midianite, and Nebuchadnezzar II built this fantastically tall structure for her so that she could look homeward often. The Garden of the Air was filled with many exotic flowers and plants and had a complete water supply. The ancient Greeks who saw it called it the wonder of the world. [2]
Legend
Nebuchadrezzar II (reigned 605 BC - 562 BC), King of Neo-Babylon, took Mittens, a princess of Midian, as his queen. The princess was beautiful and loved by the king. However, as time went by, the princess grew sad. Nebuchadnezzar did not know why. The princess said, "My hometown is full of mountains and flowers. And here is the endless plains of Babylon, not even a hill can be found, how I long to see our hometown mountains and coiled trails again!" It turned out that the princess was suffering from homesickness. So Nebuchadnezzar II made the craftsmen follow the scenery of the mountainous region of Midian, in his palace, built a cascading terraced garden, which was planted with exotic flowers and plants, and made quiet mountain paths in the garden, which were beside the gurgling water. The craftsmen also built a city tower in the center of the garden, standing in the air. The skillfully crafted garden scenery finally won the heart of the princess. Because the garden is higher than the palace walls, giving the impression that the entire imperial garden is hanging in the air, so it is called "air garden", also known as "hanging garden".
Alexandria Lighthouse
The world recognized eight wonders of antiquity there are two in Egypt, one of the eight wonders of the Giza pyramids, the other is
Alexandria Lighthouse
History
280 BC in the fall of a night, the moon is dark and windy, an Egyptian royal ship of pleasure, sailing into the port of Alexandria, the ship hit a reef and sank. The ship sank, and all the royal relatives and brides from Europe were buried in the belly of the fish. This tragedy, shocked the Egyptian dynasty. Egypt's King Ptolemy II ordered the construction of a navigational lighthouse at the entrance to the largest harbor. After 40 years of hard work, a majestic lighthouse was erected on the eastern end of Pharos Island. It stands on a rocky reef seven meters from the island's shore and is known as the "Alexander Pharos Lighthouse".
When the Alexandria Lighthouse was completed, it deservedly became the tallest building in the world at that time with a height of 400 feet. Designed by the Greek architect Soschatos, the Alexandria lighthouse has been guiding sailors into the harbor in the darkness of night for 1,500 years. An Arab traveler recorded in his notes, "The lighthouse was built on top of three flights of steps, and at its top, a mirror reflected daylight during the day, and firelight guided the ships at night."
In the 14th century A.D., a rare earthquake struck the city of Alexandria, shaking the earth and destroying the architectural marvel of the ancient world with tremendous force. This Alexandria's loyal guards this Alexandria's crown so disappeared another century, the Egyptian King Mamluk Sultan in order to resist foreign aggression to defend Egypt and its coastline ordered the lighthouse on the site of the construction of a castle and named after his own Egyptian independence, the castle was converted into a nautical museum (Naval Museum) In November 1996 a group of divers in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea is said to have discovered the Alexandrian lighthouse, which is said to have been built by a man who had been a member of the Lighthouse. In November 1996 a team of divers found what is believed to be the remains of Alexandria's lighthouse in the depths of the Mediterranean Sea
3 THIRD WONDER
Statue of the Colossus of Rhodes Harbor
Built
Late 4th century BC, or early 2nd century BC.
Statue of the Colossus of Rhodesport
Built in
Aegean Sea, Rhodesport, Greece.
The island of Rhodes was an important business center in B.C. It was located at the junction of the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, and the port of Rhodes was built in 408 BC. Historically Rhodes has been ruled by many powers, including Mosolus (whose tomb is also one of the Eight Wonders) and Alexander the Great. But after the return of Alexander the Great, the whole island was plunged into a long war. The Macedonian invader Demetrius led an army of 40,000 men (which was more than the entire population of the island) to surround the harbor. After a hard-fought battle, the Rhodians defeated the invaders. To celebrate this victory, they decided to build a statue with bronze weapons abandoned by the enemy. The statue took twelve years to build, and it is 110 feet tall, or about the same height as the familiar Statue of Liberty in New York. The statue was hollow and reinforced inside with intricate pillars of stone and iron. But this great statue was destroyed by a powerful earthquake just 56 years after it was built. Legend has it that the statue stood with its legs apart on the harbor, with ships passing between them (an imaginary picture of it is shown on the right), but in reality the statue was not straddling the harbor.
4 The Fourth Wonder
The Temple of Zeus at Olympia
English: the temple of Zeus at Olympia
Zeus (Zeus), the god of the Greek gods, is the main god of Olympia (Olympia). The statue of Zeus, built for worship, is the largest indoor statue in the world, and the Temple of Zeus, where the statue of Zeus is located, is the birthplace of the Olympic Games. Byzantine Philo wrote of the Seven Wonders of the World, "We are proud of the other six wonders and revere the statue of Zeus."
It is said that the priests of Olympia, who admired the masterpiece of Phidias, appointed his descendants to be responsible for the proper preservation of the idol of Zeus and to enjoy eternal glory.
The statue of Zeus
The temple itself was built in the Doricorder style. The surface is covered with stuccoed limestone, and the roof of the temple is made of marble. The temple*** is supported by 34 Corinthian pillars that are about 17 meters high, measuring 41.1 meters by 107.75 meters. The stone statues in front of and behind the temple are carved from marble from the island of Paros. Many of the statues on the herringbone cornice on the west side of the temple are in full Athenian style. Did the great god Zeus in the sky like it when it was built this way? It is said that when Phidias built the statue, he went to Mount Olympus to ask the god Zeus, and the god answered by sending down thunderbolts and lightning, cracking the pavement of the temple. As for the protagonist of the temple "Zeus", using the so-called 'chryselephantine' (chryselephantine) technology, is in the wooden support plus ivory carved muscles and gold clothing. The throne was also gold-clad on a wooden base, inlaid with ebony, precious stones and glass, and took eight years to complete.
In the traveler Shanyasba (Pausanias) & lt; Greek travels & gt; a book, had a detailed description of the statue of Zeus, the book records: "Zeus body for the body of wood, the body of the exposed part of the paste on the ivory, clothing is covered with gold. On top of his head he wore a crown of woven olive branches, in his right hand he held a statue of Victory made of ivory and gold, and in his left hand he held a scepter made of various metals with a buzzard resting on top of it". As for his throne, the head of the statue and the back of the head are carved with statues of the "Three Goddesses of Elegance" and the "Three Goddesses of the Seasons" (spring, summer, and winter); the legs and feet are decorated with the dancing goddess Victory and the Sphinx with a human head and sphinx, as well as with other Greek gods and goddesses, and the base is 6.55 meters wide and 1 meter high. The base is 6.55 meters wide and 1 meter high, while the statue is about 13 meters high, equivalent to a four-story modern building. Behind the statue hung a sacred mantle plundered from the Temple of Jerusalem. Phidias planned the surrounding area with great precision, including the light coming from the temple gates to the statue, and in order to make the statue's face more beautiful and luminous, he built in front of the statue a very large and shallow pool of olive oil inlaid with black marble, which used olive oil to reflect the light. During the time it stood, workers came to polish the ivory, called "Phidias polishers".
The composition of the statue of Zeus, the age of the background and decorative statues, can be described in detail, but the style of the work of Phidias is difficult to determine. According to ancient documents, Phidias's skill in sculpting statues of gods reached its peak, and he was able to make statues of gods with an unattainable solemnity. The statue of Zeus, in particular, was able to add a unique character to the ordinary religious image. In order to find out the true meaning of this statement (the original sculpture of the Phidias idol has been completely lost), over the years, experts and scholars have individually studied the replicas of the Phidias idol in the hope of identifying the ****same characteristics. They have paid particular attention to the decorative statues of the Parthenon in Athens, which Phidias is said to have supervised. It is, of course, difficult to determine which of these statues Phidias sculpted himself, for he must have been very busy in his supervisory role as well as in sculpting the colossal statue of Asina in the temple, but it is probable that Phidias alone decided on the design and overall style of all the statues. The works closest to Phidias' style are probably the idols on the eastern horizontal band of the temple, but on a different scale. These statues strike a delicate balance between the seriousness of the earlier style and the lightness and subtlety of the later style.
History
The Temple of Zeus was the religious center of Greece, and many kinds of offerings were made to it by city states and commoners. Zeus has been bowed to at the open-air altar for centuries. The altar is said to have been made from the ashes of the various sacrifices offered to Zeus. The Temple of Zeus was built in 470 B.C. In the fifth century B.C. the local architect Libon of Elis supervised the construction of a magnificent temple to serve as the Temple of Zeus, and it was completed in 456 B.C. The stone statues in front of and behind the temple were carved from the marble of the island of Paros, and the statue of Zeus was in the hands of the sculptor Phidias.
Many of the statues on the herringbone cornice on the west side of the temple are in full Athenian style. Whether Athenian statues were needed for the temple, or whether Phidias' reputation was such that the temple builders asked him to work at Olympia as a sculptor, is not known.
One theory is that Phidias was accused of stealing valuable materials when he sculpted the colossal statue of Asina in the Parthenon, was deposed, and left his hometown of Athens for a life of exile, ending up in Olympia. The only plausible thing about this story is that Phidias was friends with Pericles, a famous politician of the time, and any blow to his honor would have been detrimental to Pericles, so Phidias began to flee.
The earliest modern excavation carried out at Olympia was in 1829 under the auspices of a French expedition. It lasted six weeks. It was a German expedition that made Olympia more accessible to moderns. Beginning in 1875, they excavated almost without interruption, and although they found the temple of Zeus and the decorative statues, and partially restored the temple to its original shape, they never found any trace of the statue of Zeus itself. Between 1954 and 1958, however, an exciting series of excavations by archaeologists unearthed, not far from the Temple of Zeus, the ruins of Phidias' workplace, which was the same shape and size as the main chamber of the Temple. Phidias could sculpt the statue of Zeus in this temple-like setting without interfering with the work of the temple. Phidias must have selected a group of working men in Athens and brought them to Olympia. Many pieces of Athenian pottery made in 435 BC (Phidias died in 432 BC after completing the statue of Zeus) have been found at the site of his workshop, as well as ivory, glass, and goldsmith's tools, and fragments of terracotta molds, which appear to have been used to make parts of the statue's garments. Among the pottery found was a broken cup with a finely engraved inscription: "I belong to Phidias".
The idol was worshiped for more than 900 years, but Christianity put an end to it. In 393 A.D., the Roman emperor Theodsius I decreed a decree stopping the games, and that was the year the ancient Olympic games ended. Then, in 426 A.D., a decree was issued for the destruction of pagan temples, so the statue of Zeus was destroyed, and the studio of Fidesia was converted into a church, and Ancient Greece was destroyed from then on; the crumbling stone pillars in the temples were even shattered by the earthquakes of 522 A.D. and 551 A.D., and the stone materials were torn down and converted into fortresses to defend against the invasion of the barbarians, and the area of Olympia was then frequently flooded, and the whole city was buried under thick silt. The whole city was buried under a thick layer of silt. Fortunately, the statue had already been transported to Constantinople (now known as Istanbul), where it was kept by Luisi for 60 years, but was eventually destroyed in the city's riots.
Influence
While the statue of Zeus has disappeared from the world, he survives in another way, as the face of the great Zeus has been transformed into an Orthodox statue of the Almighty Christ. In the St. Francis of Assisi Chapel in Kola, Istanbul, at the top of the throne sits Olympian Zeus in the guise of Christ. How exactly was this pagan deity transformed to represent the Christ figure? Archaeologists estimate that there are several reasons for this; first, the Olympian idol itself is an extremely perfect spectacle; second, the idol has represented the supreme divinity for almost a thousand years....
5 The Fifth Wonder
The Temple of Artemis
English: The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus
Built: 550 BC
Built in: the Greek city-state of Ephesus, on the west coast of Turkey.
Introduction
Goddess of the hunt and goddess of the moon in ancient Greek mythology, one of the main gods of Olympus, also regarded as the protector of wild animals. Artemis is the daughter of Zeus, the main god, and Leto, the goddess of the night, and the twin sister of Apollo, born on the island of Asterix (Tyrol). According to legend, Leto gave birth to Apollo nine days after the birth of Artemis, with the help of Artemis. Therefore, Artemis was also worshipped as the god of childbirth and midwifery. In the forests and mountains, armed with a bow and arrows and accompanied by dogs, she hunted with the goddesses, sometimes traveling in a chariot drawn by two stags. Artemis was brave and swift. Sometimes she was very cruel. She adhered to the ancient rules and regulations, and asked people to strictly abide by them. Anyone who violated them was often shot with a bow and arrow. King Onius of Calydon for not giving her fresh fruit as always, she was so angry that she drove the ferocious wild game into Calydon. She incited the leader of the hunters, Meleagher, to be at odds with his people, resulting in the tragic death of the great hero Meleagher. Agamemnon, the leader of the Greek coalition on an expedition to Troy, shot her sacred deer and boasted that his shooting skills were superior to those of the goddess of the hunt. In a fit of anger, Artemis caused the sea winds to stop abruptly, thus preventing the Greek allies' ships from sailing. She insisted on offering Iphigenia, Agamemnon's daughter, as a sacrifice for the sacred deer, and conveyed it through the seer. Agamemnon was compelled to comply, and, by exchanging the deer on the altar for a human being, she concealed it from the crowd, and carried Iphigenia to Tauris, where she became a priestess in her own temple, and specialized in exacting tribute. According to legend, Hercules had killed the golden-horned deer of Clunia and was forced to plead his innocence before Artemis and Apollo. Artemis was regarded in Crete as the lord of the beasts and was personified by Britomartis, the goddess of the caracal hunt. Her oldest image is not only of a female hunter, but even of a female bear.
Artemis was once worshipped as the protector of plants, but later evolved into the goddess of fertility and patron of fertility. Her sanctuaries were mostly near springs and ponds that symbolized the god of fertility and plants. She was as spirited as Keble, the mother of the gods of Asia Minor. In the Ephesian pantheon she was worshipped as the god of many breasts. When she was born, she received for her mother Apollo, who was born with her. She also had the art of causing sudden death, or assisting a woman in labor through the fertility god Eleutheria.
Early legends of Artemis relate her to the moon goddess, who is nearly identical with Selene, and later myths describe her as a moon goddess in love with the beautiful boy Endymion. Artemis was not initially a moon goddess and it is rumored that she asked Zeus for the office of the moon, which he acquiesced to, and she has since been confused with a moon goddess statue.
The ancient Greeks used the different forms of the moon to distinguish between the three celestial moon gods, usually Phoebe (Phoebe) on behalf of the crescent moon, Selene (Selene) on behalf of the full moon, Artemis (Artemis) on behalf of the curved moon, and the middle myths after the Hecate (Hecate) is also one of the moon gods, she represents the moon of the underworld.
Temple
The temple building is based on marble and covered with a wooden roof. The architects of the entire building were the Chersiphron father and son, and its most distinctive feature is that the interior has two rows, of at least 106 columns, each about 40 to 60 feet high. The base of the temple is about 200 by 400 feet.
History
Late in the night of July 21, 356 B.C., this magnificent temple was reduced to rubble in a fire, and the temple built after the original site suffered another fire in 262 A.D.. The ruins of the temple are located on the Ionian seashore in present-day Turkey. There is nothing but debris in front of people's eyes.
6 The Sixth Wonder
Tomb of Mosoras
The Tomb of Mosoras is located in Halicarnassus, in southwestern Turkey (Turkey), the bottom building is rectangular in shape, measuring 40 meters (120 ft.) by 30 meters (100 ft.), and 45 meters (140 ft.) high, with a 20-meter-high wall of the piers, 12-meter-high columns, and a 7-meter-high pyramid. The topmost carriage statue is 6 meters high building is surrounded by the pier wall, next to the stone statue for decoration, the top statue is four horses pulling an ancient double chariot.
The mausoleum is famous not only for its architecture, but also for its sculptures. The sculptures of the Mausoleum of Mosolaus were made by four famous sculptors, Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas, and Timotheus, each of whom was responsible for one side of the tomb.
The Mausoleum of Mosoras
When Halicarnassus was invaded in the early 15th century, the new rulers used some of the stones from the Mausoleum of Mosoras as building material in 1494 in order to build a huge castle. A number of sculptures still survive today and are housed in a museum in London, England. Since the 19th century, archaeological excavations have been carried out at the Mausoleum of Mosolaus, which have provided a lot of information about the Mausoleum of Mosolaus, and allowed us to understand more about the shape and appearance of the Mausoleum of Mosolaus.
The Mausoleum of Mausolus is situated in a large square in the center of the city of Halicarnassus (present-day Turkey) in southwestern Asia Minor. The person buried in the mausoleum is Mausolus, the governor of Caria, a dependency of the Persian Empire in the mid-fourth century BC.
What is known about King Mausolus is that he was an energetic, warlike man who conquered the island of Rhodes and in a short period of time became the lord of the kingdom.
Exterior
The mausoleum*** is divided into four tiers, with a six-step altar, constructed of white marble brought from Greece, and a rectangular base, measuring 40 meters (120 ft) by 30 meters, and 45 meters high, in which the building is surrounded by a wall of 20-meter-high piers with statues of warriors on their backs, and above the piers, 36 golden columns of white marble, 12 meters high, in the Ionic style, are arranged. Above the piers, 36 columns of white marble, decorated with statues of gods and goddesses, were arranged in a 12-meter-high gold and white Ionic style, and above the columns, there were table wheels; above them, there was a 7-meter-high pyramid with an extremely steep incline, and the top of the pyramid was decorated with a gilded bronze team of horses and two-wheeled chariots; and inside the tomb, there were marble statues of King Mau Solos and Queen Artemisia.
All the sculptures are said to have been executed on one side of the tomb by four famous sculptors, Bryaxis, Leochares, Scopas, and Timotheus. Ancient writers used to speak of the Mausoleum of the Kings of Mosoras, like a silver-white cloud high above the city.
Unlike the Lunar Temple of Artemis, the Tomb of the Kings of Mosoras still stands proudly, although it took more than 1500 years to build. It wasn't until the early 15th century that the Crusaders, believing Halicarnassus to be a strategically important location, decided to build the massive Fortress of St. Peter, which was constructed from the stone of the mausoleum; they embedded all of the interior and exterior decorations of the mausoleum inside the walls of the fortress, making the entire mausoleum virtually unrecognizable.
In 1859, British archaeologist Sir Charles Newton made a study of the famous Mausoleum. In 1859, British archaeologist Sir Charles Newton excavated the famous Mausoleum of King Mausolus and deposited the surviving fragments of stone lion statues, columns and figures in a special room in the British Museum in London, England.
The prosperous city of Halicarnassus is a small, lonely fishing village, and no one can point to the site of the beautiful Mausoleum of King Mausolus, or even know that such a magnificent structure once stood there. Though the remains of the city's central plaza remain, there is no sign of the tomb, only overgrown weeds!
The mausoleum is so famous that it has been copied; but the copycats can't tell you why it was famous in the first place.
By Greek standards, the mausoleum is not a big building, nor is it even particularly beautiful, or even, in Greek aesthetics, a rather ugly building. But why did it become a spectacle?
The answer must be sought in ancient Greek records, remember that inscription from Mosoras? 'I am Mosoras. I lie beneath the Bodrum mound, adorned with a unique marble statue of a man and a horse. It's famous for its carvings; the remains of the tomb of King Mosolaus, in the British Museum, contain carved fragments of the world's oldest Greek statues, real life figures, noble and strong and great; for the first time men and women in the flesh, not gods standing on shining marble columns; it's as if the builders were telling the visitor that these are you. This is what makes the Mausoleum a spectacle, something for the citizens of the magical metropolis to walk around with their heads held high. The word 'mausoleum' has come to mean mausoleum in the modern sense of the word.
History
In the 4th century B.C., in the southwestern part of what is today the Anatolian Plateau, there was the Carian Empire, which flourished under the rule of King Mosolas, of which the port of Rhodes was once a part. While Mosoras was still alive, work began on a mausoleum for him and his queen, Artemisia II (who was also his sister). Today, the mighty Carian Empire no longer exists, and only the remains of the king's mausoleum tell the world the legend of the empire. The massive mausoleum was completed in 353 BC. According to the Latin historian Pliny the Great, the building consisted of three parts: the foundation was a platform 19 meters high, 39 meters long and 33 meters wide; on the foundation was an Ionic continuous arcade of 36 columns, 11 meters high; and on top of the arcade was a pyramid-shaped roof consisting of 24 steps, symbolizing the years of the reign of Mossoras. At the top of the mausoleum is a statue of Mosolaus and the queen driving a four-horse chariot. The entire structure is 45 meters high! In addition to the magnificent architecture, the foundations of the Mausoleum of Mosoras are surrounded by beautiful sculptures. It is recorded that of three of the reliefs, the first shows a horse-drawn carriage, the second a scene of Greeks fighting Amazons, and the third a battle between Lapithi and a centaur monster. Fragments of the second statue are still preserved today in the British Museum in London. The mausoleum was badly damaged by an earthquake in the 12th century A.D. In 1402, the Knights of the Vandals captured Halicarnassus and built the fortress of St. Peter's there, and in the early 16th century, to reinforce the fortress, the knights used the mausoleum as a quarry, and the Mausoleum of Mossoras was gradually demolished.
7The Seventh Wonder
Egyptian Pyramid
Built
About 2700
Egyptian Pyramid
-2500 B.C.E.
Built in
Giza Plateau near Cairo, Egypt
The Pyramid ( Egyptian Pyramid) is the tomb of the ancient Egyptian pharaohs, all varying in size, the largest is the Pyramid of Khufu, 137.2 meters high, 230 meters long at the base, *** with 2.3 million blocks of stone averaging 2.5 tons each, covering an area of 52,000 square meters. It takes about 1km to walk around there. The Egyptian pyramids are square conical imperial tombs from Egypt's ancient slave society. One of the eight wonders of the world. Numerous and widely distributed. Southwest of Cairo on the Nile River west of the ancient city of Memphis around the most concentrated.
In Egypt has been found in the pyramids, the largest and most famous is located in the southwest of Cairo, Giza highlands of the grandchildren of the pyramids. They are the Great Pyramid (also known as the Pyramid of Khufu), the Pyramid of Khafra, and the Pyramid of Menkaula, which, together with the numerous smaller pyramids around it, form a pyramid complex that is the pinnacle of the Egyptian pyramid building art.
Classification
The Great Pyramid is the largest surviving pyramid in Egypt, and has been described as "one of the seven wonders of the ancient world". It was built in the fourth dynasty of Egypt, the second pharaoh huff reign (about 2670 BC), the original height of 146.59 meters, due to the top of the peeling, is now 136.5 meters high, the tower of the four slopes facing the southeast, northwest and north-west four directions, the base of the tower was a square, each side of the length of more than 230 meters, covering an area of 5.29 million square meters. Tower body consists of 2.3 million boulders, they vary in size, respectively, weighing 1.5 tons to 160 tons, weighing an average of about 2.5 tons. According to evidence, for the completion of the Great Pyramid, a **** used 100,000 people spent 20 years.
The second largest pyramid is the fourth dynasty of ancient Egypt (about 2575 BC to 2465 BC) of the fourth pharaoh Hefra mausoleum, and therefore known as the Hefra pyramid, the tower is 143.5 meters high. The world-famous Sphinx is located next to the Pyramid of Khafra, and it is rumored that the human face is a likeness of Khafra. The pyramid has long suffered from cracks in the interior walls of the chambers due to excessive humidity and poor ventilation, and in 1992 the pyramid of Al Khafra was partially damaged by an earthquake with a magnitude of 5.4. It was then reopened in July 2001 after more than two years of complete repairs.
The pyramid of Menkaurea is 108.5 meters long on the bottom side and 66.5 meters high, and was first opened by a British explorer in 1839, when a granite sarcophagus and pharaoh's mummy were found in the burial chamber. However, the ship carrying these artifacts met with an accident on its way back to England, and both the sarcophagus and the mummy sank into the Atlantic Ocean.
The Pyramid Inscription contains the words, "The sky extends its light to you so that you may go to the heavens as if it were the eye of Ladan." The later worship of obelisks by the ancient Egyptians also had this significance, for the obelisks also denoted the rays of the sun.
8 Eighth Wonder
Terra Cotta Warriors of Qin Mausoleum
Introduction
Terra Cotta Warriors of Qin Shihuang's Mausoleum
Terra Cotta Warriors of Qin Mausoleum (Emperor qinshihuang Terra Cotta Warriors) for the first time in the history of China's first emperor to complete the unification of China-. -Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum is located 1500 meters east of Qin Shi Huang's mausoleum [1]. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, built first on the site of the burial pit, is the largest ancient military museum in China. It shows the prosperity and strength of the Qin Empire.In 1961, the State Council of the People's Republic of China*** and the State Council of the People's Republic of China designated the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang as a key national cultural relics protection unit. The first comprehensive archaeological survey of the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang began in 1962, and the archaeologists drew the first plan layout map of the mausoleum, which was detected to be 56.25 square kilometers, equivalent to nearly 78 Forbidden City, causing a sensation in the archaeological world.In 1987, the mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for inclusion in the World Heritage List.In September 1978, the former Prime Minister of France In September 1978, former French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac visited the site and said with emotion: "There are seven wonders in the world, and the discovery of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses can be said to be one of the eight wonders. Not to see the pyramids, not really to Egypt; not to see the Qin Terracotta Warriors, not really to China." So, "the eighth wonder of the world" said not to go, but it should be noted that the seven wonders of the world for the recognized statement, the eighth wonder of the law is a variety of ways, such as India's Taj Mahal, usually considered the eighth wonder of the world by Westerners, there are also some people in the country that is the Great Wall of China.
Discovery
In March 1974, in the mausoleum east of the villagers of Xiyang village drought wells, in the mausoleum three miles east of the village of Xihe and between the village and Wulala village, found that the scale of the terracotta warrior pit of the mausoleum of the first emperor of Qin Shihuang, the archaeologists of the excavation, only to unveil the buried underground more than 2,000 years ago in the Qin terracotta treasures. in 1975, the state decided to set up a museum in the terracotta pit on the original site. On October 1, 1979, the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses Museum began to visitors at home and abroad on display. 2009 June 13, more than 1:00 pm, the first pit of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Mausoleum of the First Emperor of Qin Shihuang again opened excavation, and then in the middle of the northern part of the first pit, and unearthed the colorful Terracotta Warriors and Horses. [1]
Geographic location
The Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang are located in Lintong District, 35 kilometers east of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of a centralized multi-ethnic state in Chinese history. Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum, which was built between 246 BC and 208 BC, was also the first emperor's mausoleum in Chinese history. In addition, the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang all face the direction of the sea.
Size of Terracotta Warriors
Among the large number of terracotta warriors unearthed, the warrior commissions are generally around 1.8 meters in height, while the general figurines are 1.96 meters tall. Pottery horse is also about 1.7 meters high, the size of its form of height are not let the real horse. After the Western Han Dynasty, the Ming (meditation) ceramic figurines, their tallness are in
Qin figurines below.
Arrangement
Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang burial pits sit west to east. The three pits are arranged in a zigzag pattern. The earliest discovery is the first terracotta pit, rectangular, 230 meters long from east to west, 62 meters wide from north to south, and about 5 meters deep, with a total area of 14,260 square meters, containing about 6,000 terracotta warriors and horses, with sloped doorways on all sides, and another terracotta pit on each side of the left and right sides, which are now called the second pit and the third pit.
The Terracotta Warriors and Horses Burial Pit of Qin Shi Huang is the largest underground military museum in the world. Terracotta Warriors Pit layout, peculiar structure, in the bottom of the pit depth of about 5 meters, every 3 meters erected an east-west bearing wall, terracotta warriors and horses arranged in the gap between the wall over the hole.
Comprehensive enough 。。。。 The first time I saw this, it was a very good idea to share it with me.