?? Singing, reading, acting and playing are the four basic skills in Peking Opera performance. Singing is the main way of performance in Peking Opera. The unique singing style of Peking Opera allows people to understand the essence of Peking Opera just by "listening to the opera". Nian refers to the "song" that is one of the two major elements of Peking Opera's performing arts. It shows the diversity of artistic techniques in addition to singing. Doing refers to dance-like movements, whether they are precise gestures or neat steps, which are all part of "doing". Fighting refers to the skills of martial arts and falling. The kung fu when watching Peking Opera is part of "fighting". Doing and fighting complement each other and constitute "dance", one of the two major elements of the singing and dancing Peking Opera performing art.