Tea Culture Development History of Xinyang Maojian Tea
Tea production in China began more than 3000 years ago before the Zhou Dynasty. Tea originated in the southwest plateau of China. With the development and changes of climate, politics, economy, culture and transportation, tea trees have taken root and sprouted in Xinyang, Dabie Mountain in southern Henan Province, where the climate is mild.
By the Tang Dynasty, the development of tea production began to enter a prosperous period, in 760 AD? In 780 AD, the world's first tea book "Tea Classic" written by Lu Yu of Cha Sheng divided 42 counties rich in tea in 13 provinces into eight tea areas, and Xinyang belonged to Huainan tea area. Su Dongpo said in the Northern Song Dynasty:? Huainan tea Xinyang is the first. ? There are many tea farmers in the southwest mountainous area, with good color, taste and fragrance, and their products are not under Zhejiang and Fujian.
Historically, Xinyang Maojian tea was mainly produced in Xinyang City, Xinyang County and luoshan county (some towns and villages). The unique style of Xinyang Maojian tea was formed in the early 20th century. At that time, Cai Zhuxian, a native of Jiyi County in Qing Dynasty, advocated cutting mountains to grow tea. Then eight tea houses, such as Yuanzhen (Lei Zhenshan), Guangyi, Shen Yu, Hongji (Che Yun), Hou Bo, Sensen (Wanshou), Longtan and Guangsheng, appeared, and the area of tea gardens developed reached more than 400 mu, which gradually improved the frying of Maojian tea. After the founding of New China, the state attached great importance to the development of tea production and adopted a series of supporting measures.
During the Republic of China, tea production flourished after the Qing Dynasty, and the production technology of famous tea was gradually improved. Xinyang tea area has set up five tea houses, plus three tea houses in Qing Dynasty. Eight teahouses? . Because? Eight teahouses? Pay attention to the introduction, digestion and absorption of production technology, improve the processing technology of Xinyang Maojian tea, and produce Benshan Maojian tea with good quality on 19 13. Xinyang Maojian tea.
Since the 1960s, it has developed in Wulidian, Pengjiawan, Youhe in the middle of Xinyang and the hills and hilly areas of Gaoliangdian, Wanggang and Jixing in the northwest. 1in the spring of 967, the scientific and technical personnel of the Agricultural Bureau guided tea varieties to lead over the mountain 25 miles north of Huaihe River, and established Hongqi Tea Farm, Zhutang, Segang, Pengxin and Qingshan Township, which were confirmed when the country bought and sold tea in the early days of liberation.
1987, archaeologists found tea in an ancient tomb unearthed in Gushi county, Xinyang region, which has been verified for more than 2300 years.
After the establishment of People's Republic of China (PRC), Xinyang tea production has made great progress, Xinyang Maojian tea production technology has been promoted, and the production area has been continuously expanded.
65438-0993 Xinyang Maojian Tea was produced in Shihe District (formerly Xinyang City), Pingqiao District (formerly Xinyang County), luoshan county, Huangchuan County, Gushi County, Guangshan County, Shangcheng County, Xinxian County and Xixian County.
Xinyang City, 8 counties and 2 districts 133 townships, 1245 administrative villages. The total area of tea garden reaches 6,543,800 mu; The annual output of dry tea is 20 million kilograms, and the comprehensive output value of tea is 2 billion yuan. At present, there are more than 950,000 tea farmers and more than 1 10,000 employees in the tea industry.
In 2007, the per capita income of tea farmers was 1796 yuan, accounting for 50% of the per capita income of rural areas in the city. In some tea-producing villages, tea planting income accounts for more than 90% of farmers' income. Tea has become an important source of income for farmers in Xinyang mountain area and one of the important pillar industries to enrich the people and strengthen the city.
In 2006, Xinyang Municipal Party Committee and Xinyang Municipal People's Government issued "Opinions on Making the Tea Industry Bigger and Stronger" to formulate Xinyang tea industry? Eleventh five-year plan? Outline of development plan, it is planned that by 2065.438+00, the tea garden area of the whole city will grow to 654.38+500,000 mu; The output value per mu is 5,000 yuan, the total output value of tea is 6 billion yuan, the average annual income of tea farmers is more than 3,000 yuan, and the comprehensive output value of tea industry is 7 billion yuan; Cultivate 1 to 2 national leading enterprises and 3 to 5 provincial leading enterprises with sales of 1 100 million yuan; Create 1 2 national well-known trademarks and 5-8 provincial well-known trademarks; We will build 2-3 tea culture tourism projects with an investment of more than 50 million yuan, and 1-2 with an investment of more than1100 million yuan, focusing on Xinyang Tea Expo Park, Tea Demonstration Park, Nanwan Shengdian Tianxia Tea Ceremony Tourism Project, and Yangming Tianxia Tea Expo Hall.
The Cultural Development of Xinyang Maojian Tea
Xinyang's famous tea was recorded in the Tang Dynasty. In Tang Dynasty, Lu Yu's Tea Classic and Li Zhao's Supplement to National History both listed Yiyang tea as the famous tea at that time. In the Song Dynasty, in Ningshi? Song Huizong and Evonne listed Xinyang tea as a famous tea in Shihuozhi and Daguan Tea Science. In the Yuan Dynasty, according to Ma Duanlin's "A General Examination of Yuan Dynasty Literature": Does Gwangju produce the eastern head, shallow mountains and thin edges? Waiting for famous tea. There are few records about famous tea in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, tea production recovered rapidly. The mid-Qing Dynasty is another period of rapid development of tea production in Henan. Tea-making technology is becoming more and more exquisite, and the quality of tea-making is becoming more and more exquisite. Before the Qing Dynasty, Xinyang Maojian tea appeared.
At the end of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty (1903- 1905), Cai Zuxian, then the director of anti-smuggling in Xinyang and a member of the old tea office, put forward an initiative to grow tea in the mountains. Gan, then director of Xinyang Research Institute and with abundant funds, responded positively. He, Wang Zimo and the landlord Peng Qingge resumed planting tea at the northern foot of Xinyang Lei Zhen in 1903. Yuan Zhen? The tea club invited a teacher Yu from Anhui to help guide the planting and production of tea trees.
1905- 1909 Gan invited, Wang Xuanqing and others to Xinyang Camel Store to discuss tea planting, organized Hongji Tea House, sent Wu Shaoqu to Lu 'an, Anhui Province to buy tea seeds, and invited Lu 'an tea teachers Wu Jishun and Wu Shaotang to help guide tea planting and tea making. Tea-making methods are basically used? Melon slices? The method of frying tea is to fry tea in a small flat pot, which is divided into a raw pot and a cooked pot. Broom handles for tea-frying tools and two broomsticks for green pots, 0.5 m long and 0. 1 m thick, with each hand holding 1, were picked and fried. Use a big broom handle for cooking pot, without kneading dough. This is the original production technology of Xinyang Maojian tea.
19 1 1 year, Gan established teahouses in Ganjiachong and Xiaosunjia, which promoted the development of Yishan tea garden. Tang Huiqing, a tea merchant, went to Hangzhou West Lake to buy tea seeds and learn the frying technology of Longjing. After you come back, at? Melon slices? On the basis of frying, put it again? Longjing? The frying of Xinyang Maojian tea is integrated with the method of grasping and sorting, with a small handle to fry the raw pot and a big broom to fry the cooked pot. The tea made by this frying method is the embryonic form of Xinyang Maojian Tea, a famous tea in China.
During the Republic of China, tea production flourished after the Qing Dynasty, and the production technology of famous tea was gradually improved. Xinyang tea area has set up five tea houses, plus three tea houses in Qing Dynasty. Eight teahouses? . Because? Eight teahouses? Pay attention to the introduction, digestion and absorption of production technology, improve the processing technology of Xinyang Maojian tea, and produce Benshan Maojian tea with good quality on 19 13. Xinyang Maojian tea.
In order to welcome the opening of Panama Canal in 19 15 and the World Expo in 19 14, Xinyang Tea District actively prepared tea samples, including Gong Zhen tea, Bai Hao tea, smoked Longjing tea, smoked Longjing tea, Maojian tea, Zhu San tea and Queque tea. 1965438+In February, 2005, Xinyang Maojian Tea was awarded the World Tea Gold Medal and Medal for its beautiful appearance, high aroma and strong taste. Xinyang Maojian tea has since become the representative of high-quality green tea in Henan Province. From 65438 to 0958, Xinyang Maojian Tea was rated as one of the top ten famous teas in China at the national tea tasting.
Tea Culture Types of Xinyang Maojian Tea
Mingqiancha
Tea picked before Tomb-Sweeping Day (April 5th in the Gregorian calendar). The buds that have just emerged in spring are collected. The tea leaves in this period are tender and have a faint fragrance when drinking. Because of its slow growth rate, it is almost 100% bud head, which is the highest level of Xinyang Maojian tea. The biggest feature is that the buds are small and the soup is bright.
Grain Rain tea
Tea picked before Grain Rain (April 20th, Gregorian calendar). In spring, the temperature is moderate and the rainfall is abundant. The growth of tea has been fully blossomed, with a bud and a leaf formally formed. Take a dip? Strip? Although it is second only to the pre-Ming grade, the taste is slightly aggravated. This kind of tea combines the taste of Xinyang Maojian tea with that of Xinyang Maojian tea. (shape accounts for 50%, taste accounts for 50%). Mainly suitable for people with slightly high-end consumption.
Chunwei tea
Tea picked before the end of spring (June in the solar calendar). It is often said that tea before rain is the tea of this period. Compared with Qianming tea and Grain Rain tea, it is durable, delicious and relatively cheap.
summer tea
Tea harvested in summer. The leaves are bigger and wider. Tea is strong, slightly bitter and resistant to foaming.
Bailucha