"Liu Luoban" poems praising the ancient Zhua embroidered ball lamp dance
With Ji Yun, Heshen and known as the Qianlong dynasty three big hall of Lawrence Liu, is a legendary figure in history, brilliant, household names. In fact, the Qing Dynasty does not have the post of prime minister, Mr. Liu Yong official position up to the body Renge University. And whether he is really a Luo pot, there is no conclusive historical evidence to be examined, but he is upright and upright image of the Qing official is y rooted in folklore.
In Qihe County, people can still accurately say that Lawrence Liu's maternal grandmother's home is located in the Ma family compound in Qihe County (the old city), less than ten miles away from the origin of the hydrangea lamp dance in the village of Guanzhuang, Zhu'a Town, Qihe County. Legend has it that one year after the Spring Festival, Lawrence Liu came to his grandmother's house in the Ma Family Compound to save his family, and on the night of the 15th day of the first month, the Ma family invited Song Wulie, the head of the Hydrangea Dance Team, who was a cousin of the Ma family, to come to their home to do a performance. Such a beloved Qing official came to the township to watch the performance of the embroidered ball lantern dance, Song Wulie felt very honored. The performance of the townspeople, when the words "the world a product", "peace in the world", Liu Yong was very happy, improvised a poem: "hometown townspeople thick, candle lights like a dragon swim. Wish a unique show, the official book of village history to stay."
Whether this old artisan oral tradition of the countryside is true, now there is no evidence to test. According to historical records, Lawrence Liu was born in 1719, died in 1804, and Song Wulie with embroidered ball lamp formation should occur after 1793, that is to say, Lawrence Liu saw the embroidered ball lamp formation, at least 74 years old. Elderly Liu Yong still have the physical strength to come all the way to Qihe province? According to accurate historical records, in 1797, 78-year-old Liu Yong did come to Shandong, when he was just awarded the body Renge University Professor, Jiaqing purpose together with Qing Gui Shangshu to Shandong to do the case, and look at the situation of the Yellow River break. After looking at the Yellow River, he petitioned the fall in the break in the "plug building", downstream "wide dredging", the court adopted his views. This is the twilight years of the city of Lawrence Liu to observe the people's feelings of another political achievement.
Legend has it that in the fall of one year, Emperor Qianlong took a bunch of people to Juyongguan area to go to the line surrounded by hunting. Accompanying personnel in addition to Prince, extra horse harnessed by the side of a team, there is also the university scholar Liu Yong.
In the morning when passing through the Qing River, but see the river flowing slowly, the water is clear to the bottom, the bottom of the river in the small stones of a grain to see clearly. Lawrence Liu looked at the river while thinking of ideas.
To the time of the Sand River, the day is almost noon, the brigade camped on the bank of the Sand River to rest. This Sand River is the river after the Qing River and Yu River meet, the water is much more turbulent than the Qing River. Just in the Imperial Catering Room eunuchs in the river side of the agar jelly, bear paw, bird's nest, ready to eat, Liu Yong rushed forward to kneel and said: "I have a matter of uncertainty, especially to the long live to ask for advice." Qianlong was about to eat, said casually: "Please speak, why do this great courtesy?" Lawrence Liu stood up and picked up a stone from the ground and threw it into the river. Plop, the stone fell into the bottom of the river, only splashing a little tiny splash of water.
"Your Majesty, do you see how deep this water is?" Liu Yong asked.
Qianlong touched his beard, and said: you Liu Luoban, so little you still want to be difficult for me ah! Just say: "One zhang five, almost."
"That Qinghe?" Liu Yong asked.
"Qinghe?" Qianlong stroked his beard again, "zhang handle deep it!"
"In that case, is the Qing River deep or the Sand River deep?"
"Of course the Sand River is deep."
"Really?"
"Of course it is true!" Qianlong thought: you Liu Luoban ghost idea much, want to fool me? I'm not going to fall for your tricks. He twirled his beard, smugly leaning on the imperial chair.
Liu Yong looked at Qianlong in the heat of the moment, turned around and called a eunuch, said: "You quickly go back to the city to pass the imperial decree: kill Heshen!"
"This ...... this ......" The eunuch was startled, "This His Majesty let kill?"
"Did you not hear His Majesty say 'kill Heshen' just now? You just go ahead, I'll take responsibility."
That eunuch is usually not used to Heshen to Qianlong bragging and flattering, to the lower side of the people treacherous and wicked that set. Anyway, the long-lived master has something to say, this is everyone heard, tube it is true or false? Besides, if something happens, there is still Liu Yong top it! Then said: "comply with the order!" The first time I saw him, I was so happy to see that he was able to get his hands on the money.
That day, Qianlong played quite happy, roe deer, pheasants and so on, playing not young. The next day, happy to return to the city, just into the palace on the eunuch to report that: "Heshen has been ambushed."
Qianlong heard, immediately beat the table glaringly shouted: "This, this is who called to kill?"
"Yes, is Liu Yong Chuan -" the eunuch a sentence has not finished, Liu Yong walked in in a big way.
"You, why did you call to kill Heshen?" Qianlong angrily ran to Lawrence Liu.
"Your Majesty rest your anger. Why are you so forgetful? Kill Heshen is what you said yesterday when you went hunting ah! I also nailed the question: 'Is it true?' You said: 'It's true!'" Lawrence Liu was not flustered.
"I, I -" Qianlong angry open mouth can not speak, the heart scolded fiercely: "Good you a Liu Luoban ah, the original you pretend to be stupid is here waiting for me. I counted on your big when!" But he also did not dare to Liu Yong how. First, no matter how to say, he said such a thing; Second, he really can not leave Liu Luoban, without Liu Luoban he can not play.
Lawrence Liu, secretly happy, because he in the end for the court, for the people in addition to this major harm. (This is a small folk anecdote. Heshen was killed by the Jiaqing Emperor in the fourth year of the Jiaqing era)
Main achievementsPolitics
Lawrence Liu was born in the House of the famous family of Xiangfu, his ancestors are several generations of students. His father, Liu Tongxun, was a prime minister and was highly respected by the Qianlong Emperor, so he had deep family roots in his career. Liu Yong life as an official for more than fifty years, the eunuchs, after several ups and downs, the highest official position to do the body Renge University, overall integrity, inherited the mantle of his father, Liu Tongxun, became an important minister of the Qianlong, Jiaqing dynasty.
Calligraphy
Lawrence Liu was not only a politician, but also a famous calligrapher, a master of the Thessalonian school, and known as one of the four great calligraphers of the Qing Dynasty (the other three were Prince Cheng, Weng Fanggang, and Tiebao). Qing Dynasty Xu Ke praised Liu Yong: "Wenqing calligraphy, commentators described as the sound of the yellow bells and dalu, the temple of the Qing Ming Hall of the instrument, pushed for a generation of calligraphers of the crown. He is regarded as the top calligrapher of his generation, because he has fused the calligraphy of all the great masters of the past dynasties to form his own school. The so-called golden sound and jade vibration, cluster of saint's great success. Since its entry into the word hall until the stage pavilion, the style of repeated changes, the mystery of the gods." Lawrence Liu is a good study of former sages and creative calligrapher, division of ancient and not stick to. Lawrence Liu's calligraphy is characterized by heavy ink, body rich bone strength, thick and solid, distinctive. Lawrence Liu's calligraphy is especially good at lowercase, which is praised by later generations as not only having the law of Zhong Yao, Wang Xizhi, Yan Zhenqing and Su Shi, but also having the style of Wei and Jin lowercase. Liu Yong is also a writer and a scholar, he is well versed in the history and history of the hundred schools of thought, and he has studied the ancient writings, and he is famous for his work in writing.
Collection
Liu Yong hobby book collection, the family collection of books both wide and broad, in addition to the four parts of the scriptures, history, and the collection of four, for the Buddha, Taoism, class books, inscriptions, calligraphy and painting, opera, novels, lyrics, songbook, plain words and so on, all collection, in addition to the collection of strange stones, inkstone, brushes, guqin, and so on, all famous for a moment.
Early life
Lawrence Liu, whose ancestry is from Dangshan, Anhui Province, was born in Zhucheng, Shandong Province, in the 58th year of the Kangxi period (1719), and his family was a famous family at that time. His great-grandfather, Liu Bixian, was an alumnus of the Shunzhi period; his grandfather, Liu Kai, was the Minister of the Prefectural Government of Sichuan Province; and his father, Liu Tongxun, was a minister of the Qianlong period. He grew up in a prestigious family house, with generations of family members serving as officials, and was well educated from an early age.
First career
In the 16th year of the Qianlong reign (1751), because of his father's relationship, Lawrence Liu, as an envy of the yinjian identity to participate in that year's examination and the Palace Examination, the examination in the second a second place in the first grade, was awarded the Hanlin College, a concubine of the scholar, in the scattered Museum as a repairer, and soon after the promotion for the service of the lecturer, to become the starting point of his career.
The first two grades were awarded to the Hanlin Academy as a scholar.
Qianlong twenty years (1755) in October, Liu Yong's father, Liu Tongxun because of the military affairs were not appropriate to be imprisoned, Liu Yong was implicated and punished. Later, father and son were released, Lawrence Liu was demoted to the Hanlin Academy editorial.
Since the twenty-first year of the Qianlong era (1756), Lawrence Liu has been exiled as a local official, and since then more than 20 years, mainly in the local government, has served as the Anhui school government, Jiangsu school government, Taiyuan governor and Jiangning governor and other positions. During the official period, Liu Yong basically adhered to his father Liu Tongxun's uprightness and competence, and thunder and lightning, on the science field, the official vice to rectify as much as possible, and do practical things for the people. At the same time actively implement the emperor's will, check the banned books, arrest the party, the emperor's praise.
Qianlong twenty-one years (1756) in June, Lawrence Liu served as the Guangxi countryside examiner, October was promoted to the Anhui school government. Before Lawrence Liu went to Anhui, Qianlong also specially summoned and gave a poem, which has "Haidai high family, Yingzhou new Hanlin" sentence, meaning that he hopes that Lawrence Liu will be able to not humiliate the lintel, and make a difference. Lawrence Liu during his term of office for the tributary, the supervision of the management of the chaotic situation, on the疏 "请州县约束贡监,责令察优劣", and put forward practical remedies, the emperor affirmed.
In October of the 24th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign (1759), Lawrence Liu was transferred to Jiangsu Province, and before he left for his post, the Qianlong Emperor still had a poem to present to him, which showed that he had high hopes for Lawrence Liu. Lawrence Liu also did not dishonor his mission, for the seriousness of politics, as a school government by the test of Yangzhou, because of the strict gatekeeper, so that some of the people who want to cheat to pass the final dare not enter. He also wrote to the emperor that: "Sheng supervision in the nuisance of delusion, the prefectural and county officials more than look forward to, do not create Ai. (Administrative officials) both fear of unruly people, and fear of raw supervision, and also fear of Xuyi, so that in the event of hesitation, so-called indiscriminate, after the section of the crime, should be responsible for the leather, and not responsible for the leather, really is the阘茸怠玩, litigation stick moth-eaten mandarins, due to the sale of each other's treachery." This view is profound and pertinent to the ills of the times, by the Qianlong emperor appreciation, praised its "know the body of government". Lawrence Liu has twice supervised the Jiangsu school government, the late style of officialdom from the harsh just anxious to calm and soothing, but serious and serious is consistent.
Eunuchs
Qianlong 27 years (1762), Lawrence Liu was appointed governor of Taiyuan, Shanxi. In 1765, he was promoted to the post of governor of Jining. The next year, Lawrence Liu was sentenced to death for his failure to observe the success of the Yangqu county magistrate Duan Success, who had embezzled silver from the state treasury, and was dismissed according to the law. But the Qianlong Emperor love his talent, plus the Enzhao exemption, only sent to the military platform effectiveness of atonement, the next year was pardoned in the repair of the book as a walk.
Qianlong 34 years (1769), Lawrence Liu was reappointed for his father's sake, awarded the Jiangning governor. Liu Yong very much cherish this opportunity, for the political justice and integrity, reputation spread far and wide, the people admire the character of Liu Yong, compared to the Song Dynasty, Bao Zheng. Later, in the early years of the Jiaqing play "Liu Gong case", is based on the story of Lawrence Liu in the Jiangning governor to decide on the case, for the people as the blueprint for the adaptation of the story.
In the thirty-seventh year of the Qianlong reign (1772), Lawrence Liu was transferred to Shaanxi as Minister of Justice.
The following year, his father, Liu Tongxun, died, and he resigned from his post to go home and mourn. Forty-one years of Qianlong (1776), Liu Yong full mourning period back to the capital, the Qing court of Liu Tongxun years of merit, the imperial edict of the Cabinet of Ministers, serving in the South Study Hall. In October and served as "Siku quanquan" library vice president, and sent to do the "Western Regions Atlas" and "the old news under the sun examined" president. In July of the following year, the Jiangnan township examiner, shortly after the reappointment of Jiangsu academic government. During his tenure, Lawrence Liu had impeached the Qinzhou cited Xu Shukui writings rebellious, and asked to be punished according to the law, at the end of the year due to the work and the supervision of the school's remarkable achievements, moved to the Ministry of households, and then transferred to the Ministry of the Ministry of Justice, the right minister.
Forty-five years of Qianlong (1780), Lawrence Liu was promoted to governor of Hunan. At that time, Hunan was hit by a number of disasters, some non-disaster states and counties, theft, corruption and rampant. Lawrence Liu arrived at the post, on the one hand, to find out the reasons for the situation, according to the facts of impeachment of corrupt officials, suggesting that strict action. On the one hand, audit the inventory, construction of cities and towns to build storage of grain, relief of the victims. Only a year or so, the Treasury is full of silver, food, Lawrence Liu is loved by the local people.
Forty-six years of Qianlong (1781), Lawrence Liu was promoted to the left Imperial Household Inspectorate, the following year in March, served in the South Study Hall, and soon acted as the president of the Sanshou Hall. At this time, the imperial censor Qian Feng impeached the Shandong governor of Guotai, Liu Yongliang was ordered along with Heshen trial of Shandong governor fraud case. Lawrence Liu to Shandong, pretending to be a Taoist, walking private visits, and found that Shandong for three consecutive years of disaster, and the state of Thailand to invite rewards, to the barren report of abundance. Taxes on the inability to pay all take office, and brutally killed into the province for the people *** of the jinshi, lifts 9 people. Lawrence Liu truthfully reported to the court, was ordered to open the warehouse to provide relief to the people, arrested Guotai back to Beijing. At this time, the Imperial Consort has been interceding for Guotai, some of the Royal Historian also echoed from the sidelines, and Heshen also intends to protect Guotai. Lawrence Liu then civil investigation of the evidence obtained, counting Cathay's crimes, argued, and finally made Cathay face the law. Later, the folk had written a popular novel based on this matter, "Liu Gong case", the "package formula" of the Lord Liu praised.
Qianlong forty-seven years (1782), Lawrence Liu was transferred to Beijing to serve as the left imperial censor, walking in the South Study. At that time, Heshen hot, Lawrence Liu can only be "between the serpent, but to comical pleasure between them", showing the other side of its people and officials: the face of Heshen exclusively in favor of Qianlong, Lawrence Liu had to be quiet and self-defense, comical ambiguity to take the tolerance.
The official reputation gradually obscure
Qianlong forty-eight years (1783), Lawrence Liu was promoted to the Governor of Zhili, the Ministry of the Ministry of Ministers, and also managed the affairs of the State Prison.
Qianlong fifty-one years (1786), served as vice president of the Yulin Museum. But in the following years, Liu Yong constantly make mistakes, the official reputation gradually less than before, and many times by the emperor rebuke.
Qianlong fifty-two years (1787) at the beginning, Lawrence Liu because of leakage and the emperor about J Juan, Cao Wenshani's conversation content and be reprimanded, was dismissed from the position of university scholar. In August, the Qianlong entrusted Liu Yong presided over the worship of the Temple of Literature, but not according to the provisions of the ritual of a bow by the Secretary of the Standing Committee of the Secretary of the De Bao impeachment. In the summer of the 53rd year of the Qianlong reign (1788), during the period when Lawrence Liu was concurrently in charge of the Imperial College, there was a case in which the candidates of the township exams offered bribes to the officials of the College, and he was impeached by the Imperial Historian, Mr. Zhu Delin, and Lawrence Liu was punished. In April of the fifty-fourth year of the Qianlong era (1789), the masters of the upper study room for a long time to the study room, Lawrence Liu as the chief master and not corrected, was demoted to serve as a minister. Qianlong fifty-eight years (1793), Lawrence Liu served as the examiner of the year exams, but arranging improper reading sloppy, resulting in a lot of violations and unqualified rolls.
In the first year of the Jiaqing period (1796), the emperor added Dong Guan, the Minister of the Household, as a university scholar, while Lawrence Liu, who had more seniority, was excluded. The emperor asked him whether the newly elected governor, Dai Shiyi, could do the job, and he said yes, but in fact Dai Shiyi was too mediocre to do the job.
In April of the second year of the Jiaqing period (1797), Lawrence Liu was awarded the title of university scholar, but he was still accused by the emperor of refusing to do anything in good faith, and of being lazy in his work. And that is because there is no one else, so only to promote Lawrence Liu. In May, Liu Yong was ordered together with the Shangshu Qing Gui to Shandong case, look at the Yellow River break the situation, Liu Yong wrote a request to build a dam at the break, the downstream channeling diversion, the court adopted the views.
Good start, good finish
Jiaqing four years (1799) in March, Lawrence Liu was added to the Prince of Shaobao, ordered to deal with the Mandarin Hall University Sergeant Heshen planted a party, unauthorized bribery case. Lawrence Liu once again showed his defiance of power, and found that Heshen and his clique had committed 20 crimes, such as levying exorbitant taxes, raiding the people's fat, embezzlement and self-enrichment, etc., and reported them to the imperial court. Jiaqing immediately executed Heshen. Jiaqing four years (1800) at the end of the Liu Yong, a statement on the canal, the loopholes in the transport of deep insight, worry about the country's feelings of concern for the people, the Jiaqing Emperor looked at it, thought it was. In the sixth year of Jiaqing (1801), Lawrence Liu was appointed as the president of the Canonical Hall. Jiaqing seven years (1802), the emperor driving honor Jehol, ordered Liu Yong stay in Beijing to preside over the government. At this time, Liu Yong has more than eighty, but light and healthy as before, eyes gleaming, cold light intimidating.
Liu Yong's poems were ordered to the Qinhuai above, but also with me in the east of GanGou, the pursuit of climbing, to ShaoBoNanDai, always on the occasion, good can be said. Sending Cai Mingyuan. Produced on a winter's day in the year yiwei. Shian Jushi. -Qing Dynasty-Liu Yong, "Liu Yong, Sending Cai Mingyuan to the Symposium Shaft"Liu Yong, Sending Cai Mingyuan to the Symposium Shaft
Both ordered to the Qinhuai, and with me in the east of General Gan Dai, the pursuit of the climb is not tired, to Shao Bo Nan Dai, and all the time, there is good to be commended. I am very happy to send Cai Mingyuan to the city. B Wei winter pro. Shian Jushi. In Praise of Writers