Architectural Style
The architecture of the Chen Family Ancestral Hall is famous for its exquisite decorations and grandeur. Wood carvings, stone carvings, brick carvings, clay sculptures, pottery sculptures, iron casting crafts, and other kinds of decorations are spread all over the eaves, halls, courtyards, and corridors inside and outside the cave. Both large-scale production, but also exquisite small works, decorative style or rough and bold, or delicate and delicate, each with its own characteristics, especially in the shape of the glazed tile ridge, it is a wide range of classical stories, collect local customs, a wide range of beautiful, unique style. Ancestral front of the wall between the six scrolls of large brick carvings, each brick carving up to 4 meters long, is carved with a piece of brick and then connected into one, three-dimensional, multi-layered picture of myths and legends, landscapes and gardens, flowers and fruits, birds and animals, bells, tripods, and so on, like a folk art house in general. The Chen Family Ancestral Hall was renovated in 1958 and turned into the Guangdong Folk Craft Museum. Comrade Guo Moruo once left a five-character poem after visiting the temple in 1959: "Heavenly workers can be replaced by artificial ones. It is true that making the world is better than reading ten years of books.
The Chen Ancestral Hall of the architectural decoration process as early as the 1920s for domestic and foreign architectural experts and scholars have paid attention to the German and Japanese monographs on the art of architecture has been introduced. 1959 built for the Guangdong Folk Crafts Museum (renamed the Guangdong Folk Crafts Museum in 1994, and so far) Chen's Academy.
In 1980, the state allocated special funds to renovate again.
Traditional architectural decorations such as wood carvings, stone carvings, brick carvings, ceramic sculptures, gray sculptures and iron casting crafts can be seen everywhere in the halls, corridors, courtyards, doors, windows, balustrades, roof ridges, brick walls, beams and shrines of Chen Clan Ancestral Halls, as well as in the iron casting crafts, which are in abundance. Pottery molding process is concentrated in 19 halls on the roof of the ridge; brick carving to the east, west inverted seat of the exterior wall of the most large-scale; gray molding concentrated in the ridge and the courtyard corridor, is the South China Sea gray molding artists; wood carvings in addition to the beams and gates and the Polyxylon Hall of the screen, the back of the 11 double-layer carving of the shrines, the body of a large, there is a "sixteen years of the Guangxu", "Huilanqiao Liu Dechang Zuo" "Yuanchang Street Shitai Zuo" and other inscriptions. Ancestral halls in a variety of decorations, colorful, wide range of subjects.
The national key cultural relics protection unit Chen's Academy in Guangxu twenty years (1894) was built, was then 72 counties in Guangdong Province, Chen family name joint venture. The purpose was to provide accommodation for students from all over the region who came to Guangzhou to sit for the imperial examinations. Chen Family Ancestral Hall its architectural decoration focuses on the essence of Guangdong folk decorative arts, cleverly used wood carving, brick carving, ceramic sculpture, copper and iron casting and other crafts for decoration, the building of a variety of carvings and decorations, mainly by the builders of the county organization to the province to hire a large number of skilled craftsmen focused on the production of Guangzhou. According to the existing information, the brick carving system to participate in the artists are Panyu's Huang Nanshan, Yang Jianting, Lai Pizhu, Nanhai County's Chen Zhaonan, Liang Cheng, Liang Jin and so on. Among them, Huang Nanshan carved the largest number of bricks, and the carving style is also extremely exquisite, skillful and very famous. Chen's Academy is the largest, best-preserved and most beautifully decorated ancient art building in Guangdong, and is now the Guangdong Folk Craft Museum. It is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Structural Layout
Chen's Academy is located in the north-south, for China's "three into three roads, nine halls and two limits of the courtyard" layout, consisting of nine halls, six courtyards, 10 compartments and corridors and alleys, the east of the courtyard has a new more than 17,000 square meters of green square. The overall structure of the layout is rigorous and realistic, the halls are elegant, the courtyard is spacious and elegant. The Juxian Hall in the middle hall is the center of the architecture of the academy, which was the place where the clansmen held the spring and autumn ceremonies or deliberations. The hall is spacious and the courtyard is spacious. The beams and frames are finely carved, and the huge screen in the hall is exquisite and clear, which is a fine piece of woodcutting. The ceramic tile ridge on the roof is 27 meters long and 4.2 meters high, and it is the work of Wen Ru Bi, a pottery and plastic merchant in Shiwan, Guangdong Province, in the Qing Dynasty. In front of the hall, there is a white stone terrace with stone balustrades embedded with iron casting of flowers and other pictures. The width of the hall is five rooms, 27 meters, and the depth is five rooms, 16.70 meters. With the main beam, set arch, 21 frames of 6 living out of the front and rear corridors, belongs to the Tongtang wooden frame. After the gold column in the middle of the three rooms are equipped with 12 double-sided carved screen door blocking, both sides are equipped with flower cover. In front of the platform, stone carving balustrades and columns are decorated with Lingnan fruit, inlaid iron casting through the flower railing, contrasting colors, decorative and gorgeous, highlighting the center of the Juxian Hall. The east-west hall has a width of three rooms, 14.05 meters, and a depth of five rooms, 16.70 meters. The main beam is lifted by the main beam, set up the arch, 21 frames and 6 columns of mountain wall bearing purlins, out of the front and rear corridors. The main room of the back gold pillar is equipped with 4 double-sided carved partitions, and the second room of the back gold pillar and the hall are equipped with flower partitions before and after. The three rooms of the back hall are the hall where the ancestral tablets of the Chen clan and the clan members offer sacrifices. The width of the hall is five rooms, 27 meters, and the depth is five rooms, 16.40 meters. The beams are lifted by melon pillars, 21 frames and 5 pillars are load-bearing at the back wall, and the front is a scroll-shingled porch. Hall after the old gable columns are equipped with 5 meters high between the more than 7 meters of wood carved niche cover. East and west hall width of three rooms, 14.05 meters, depth of five rooms, 16.40 meters. With the melon column lifting beams, 21 frame 5 columns wall purlin, the front out of the scrolls corridor. The door of the hall is a 14-panel flower partition. After the hall is also installed wood carving niche cover, but the scale is slightly smaller than the hall. East and west lounge and compartment is slightly low, is the main room of the academy teaching and reading. East and West Lent for a single room, herringbone fire wall purlins. Lent with flower frieze, partition and floor flower cover combination of decoration. Rear window with color etched glass window, lent front has a small patio, looks indoor and outdoor exceptionally clear. The east and west compartments are all tiled with gua-pillar and raised beams in a scroll-shingle style, out of the front porch. The compartments are decorated with color-etched glass with lattice inlay and falling windows with soft light, which is very refreshing and elegant. This is the Pearl River Delta region in the late Qing Dynasty unique architectural decorative techniques, focusing on the essence of the decorative art of Guangdong folk architecture. Its internal and external building components cleverly used wood carving, stone carving, brick carving, ceramic molding, gray molding, copper and iron casting and other craft decorations. The motifs of a wide range of subjects, vivid and realistic modeling, carving skills, the use of simple and rough and yet carefully carved, and the majestic hall as one, so that the whole academy can be called a magnificent and magnificent folk crafts architectural treasury.
Chen's Academy of wood carvings. The largest number of large-scale, rich in content. First into the first door beams carved on the frame of the "Queen Mother birthday", "trample Shi will be allied" and other wood carvings taken from historical stories and folklore. One of the most prominent is the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" in Cao Cao feast bronze sparrow platform group, depicting Cao Cao sitting on the bronze sparrow platform to watch the school field generals competition scene, highlighting the portrayal of Xu Huang and Xu Chu in the competition for the brocade robe after the fight for the difficult scene.
In addition to the various halls, walks put the corridor beams, sparrow for and that is more than 540 meters long on the eave plate carving a variety of fruits and gourds, floral patterns, figures, animals, all cohesion of the essence of the Guangdong wood carving. Wood Carving Craft: Wood carving craft is a folk art variety categorized by carving materials. Generally choose the texture of fine and flexible, not easy to deform the species such as linden, birch, nanmu, camphor, cypress, ginkgo, incense, mahogany, longan and other wood on the carving, usually also refers to the wood carved into the carving of handicrafts. The hometown of wood carving: known as China's hometown of wood carving in zhejiang dongyang, there are more than a thousand years of wood carving history, the forerunner's palace in beijing and the soviet, hangzhou, anhui and so on, there are exquisite dongyang wood carving to stay in the world. Dongyang wood carving is a carving art mainly based on plane relief. Its multi-layered relief, scattered - composition, retaining the plane of the decoration, formed its own distinctive features. And because of the light color, retaining the natural grain color of the original wood, elegant style, also known as "white wood carving" (to show the natural color of the wood, different from painted), since the Tang Dynasty has been more than a thousand years of history, is one of the most outstanding folk crafts of the Chinese nation, known as the "treasure of the country! "
The stone carving of Chen's Academy is mainly made of hemp stone. Mostly used in the corridor columns, moon beams, coupon doors, railings, wainscoting, column bases and steps. Juxian Hall in front of the platform stone balustrade, is a typical stone carving decorative craft of the academy, it is a blend of round carving, high relief, reduced relief, carving and carving a variety of techniques, to a variety of flowers, birds, fruits as the subject matter, with the expression of the continuous twining branch pattern for carving. And the double-sided iron casting through the flower railing plate embedded in the railing, so that the gray and elegant railing in the tone of the deep iron casting railing plate, contrast, the theme is prominent, very rich decorative effect.
In other stone decorations, such as the moon beam, partition frame, bird for, wainscot, gable railing and steps pendant, have a strong local characteristics. There is a pair of stone lions in front of the gate (the base has been lost), the stonemasons use rounded and concise lines carved into a lively form, peaceful, smiling face to welcome the beast, which is a representative of the Guangdong region of stone lion modeling.
Mainly decorated under the eaves of the wall, lintel, rhinoceros head and gable wall, but also as a flower window decoration. Chen Family Ancestral Hall
Guangdong brick carvings are somewhat different from those in the north or south of the Yangtze River, from the materials used to the techniques. Before carving, the artist first selects the bricks one by one. Then based on the number of layers of the whole picture, the bricks are arranged by layer, in turn, the pattern of the part belonging to, and finally layer by layer, block by block embedded in the wall, forming a multi-layered picture. Its carving techniques often put the round carving, high relief, reduced relief, hollowing combined use, which is particularly prominent is a profound technique, the lines are regular and flow in the smooth and free, delicate as silk, so it is also known as "hanging line brick carving".
Chen's school first into the east and west hall of the buff brick gable wall, *** have 6 large brick carvings, is one of the largest existing brick carvings in guangdong area.
Shiwan ceramic ridge decoration. Qing Dynasty in the South China Sea, Panyu, Shunde and Hong Kong, Macao and other places in the ancestral halls and temples or rich families in the mansion, most of the ridge with Shiwan fired ceramic spine decoration. Early production of ridge decorations, mostly with relief floral motifs, along with the development of Shiwan ceramic molding, relief floral motifs gradually transformed into historical stories and folklore as the theme of the figures of the ridge decorations, this unique Shiwan ceramic molding ridge decorations culture, and later brought by the Guangdong people to Guangxi, Malaysia, Singapore and other places. The traditional culture of one's hometown to foreign countries, which is on the natural expression of local feelings.
Gray molding
Guangdong old-style homes, most of the mountain walls on both sides of the lime piled up a simple pattern of curly grass. Called this "grass tail". In the richer mansions or ancestral temples, the use of gray molding with the specifications of the building and expand, it is the main decorative craft of Guangdong folk architecture, because the gray needs to be made on the spot, the artists will be able to according to the subject matter and the need for space, give full play to its skills, such as the mountains, rivers and streams of the landscape with the shape of the situation through the wall, or animals, flowers, etc.
To molded into a protruding wall 20 to 60 cm, the three-dimensional effect is very prominent. Stereoscopic effect is very prominent. The shape is lifelike. Color preferred red and green, rich and colorful, full of rich folk art characteristics.
Chen's academy of gray molding is mainly used for the ridge base, wall ridge, porch door roof, rooms and courtyard corridor and the east and west of the roof, a total of more than 1,800 meters, gray molding of the subject matter and ceramic molding is similar, mainly figures, birds, pavilions, landscapes, etc., have a strong south of the ridge characteristics.
The pottery sculptures of Chen's Academy are colorful and dazzling. The main ridge of the academy adopts Foshan ceramic molding **** 11 articles. The first into the 5 and Polyxian Hall spine respectively in Guangxu 17 years (1891) (Polyxian Hall spine in 1976 by a typhoon, in 1981 remodeling) and nineteen years (1893) firing, in the middle and back into the 4 spine in Guangxu eighteen years (1892) firing, the back into the hall of the spine was completed in Guangxu sixteen years (1890). 11 spine in the Polyxian Hall's largest size, its total length of 27 meters, the height of the hall, the total length of 27 meters, the total length of 27 meters, the total length of 27 meters, the total length of 27 meters, the total length of 27 meters, the total height of 27 meters, the total length of 27 meters, the total length of 27 meters, the total height of 27 meters. Its total length of 27 meters, 2.9 meters high, even gray plastic base total height of 4.26 meters. The whole ridge **** molded 224 characters, the subject matter including the eight immortals to celebrate the birthday, the official, gnarled bearded guest and Li Jing, etc., the whole ridge decoration is like a huge stage. Other ridge decorations are mainly dragons and phoenixes, birds and flowers, beasts, landscapes, and historical stories and figures.
Chen's Academy Juxian Hall before and after the stone railing embedded in cast iron railings, that is, Foshan iron painting. Its front 6 panels for the unicorn jade book phoenix picture, on both sides of the steps are double dragons playing beads, as well as three suns to open the Thai, the year, and so on. These iron casting by Foshan pig iron casting, beating or casting, exquisite craftsmanship, beautiful composition.
In addition to the Chen's Academy, there is also a form of decorative art unique to traditional Chinese architecture - murals and couplets. The east and west rooms of the academy are painted with a number of murals, the main themes of which are Tengwang Pavilion, Night Banquet of Peach and Plum, and the characters are Wang Bo and Li Bai. The couplets of the academy mainly express the praise and remembrance of the achievements of the ancestors, and the ideals and aspirations of the ancestor's literary style. The couplets are mostly in regular script, which is a style of its own.
Address: No.34, Enlongli, Zhongshan 7th Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou City
Type: Monument Museum Historical Building Ancestral Hall
Grade: AAAA
Playing Time: Recommended 0.5-2 hours
Tel: 020-81814559;020-81814371
Official Website:/
Opening time:
8:30-17:30
Transportation
1, Metro Line 1, get off at Chen Jia Shi Station.
2. Take bus No. 85, 88, 104, 107, 109, 114, 128, 193, 204, 233, 250, 260, 268, 286 and get off at Chen Jia Shi Station; or 3. Take bus No. 15, 52, 55, 105, 133, 196, 207, 232, 223, 549, 555 and get off at Liwan Road Station.
Admission
RMB10, free for seniors over 70, half-price for students and retirees with ID
Address: 34 Enlongli, Zhongshan 7 Road
Chen Jiazhi Community: Chen Jiazhi Community