□ Zhuang and Yao customs intoxicate tourists
Lianshan Zhuang and Yao Autonomous County is the only Zhuang area in Qingyuan City and the province, and is one of the major settlements of the Yao people. The Zhuang and Yao villages are not only beautiful mountains, beautiful water, people are also beautiful; and the people of the two ethnic groups of Zhuang and Yao are hospitable, Zhuang and Yao style has a unique ethnic characteristics.
The main contents of the Zhuang and Yao customs are ethnic customs performance, Tianfeng wild feast and the scenery of Zhuangxiang Yao Village.
Strong, Yao flavor performance with songs and dances to show the traditional folk art of the Zhuang and over the mountain Yao, customs, wedding customs, etc., specific projects: the Zhuang characteristics of the dance of longevity and tortoise, deer and cranes, the wedding custom of welcoming the bride dance, throwing the embroidered ball; Yao characteristics of the long encouragement, the lantern dance and distinctive Yao wedding "companion", "There are also the Wooden Cushion Race which is a fun activity with the tourists.
Tianfeng wild feast, by car to one of the eight scenic Lianshan "Tianfeng towering tower", held at the top of Tianfeng. Activities include: visitors to burn their own game, bamboo sticky rice for dinner, towards the sea of clouds can be seen from afar to cover the mountains and mountains of the spectacular; twilight can watch the moonlight, water, lights reflecting the night scene.
The Zhuangxiang Yao village, known as the "review of the immortal hole", "Peach Orchard Cave". Stepping into the Lianshan Mountain will be able to explore the scenery of Luming Pass. This pass peaks and mountains. Pass winding. In the past for the "Lianshan of the key", ordinary people can not be quite dangerous, can be described as: "dry mountains, the road turns sharp bends, a piece of flute. Flying through the Luming Pass". If tourists want to foot on the two provinces, a look at the two provinces, you can go to the Eagle Yang pass a tour. This pass and the border of Guangxi, the mountains around the water, peaks and turns, plus the "Red Seven Army passes through this pass" stone monument embellishment, so that the scenery adds a show. Sanshui Yaoxiang's "Yao Ling Pinghu" with beautiful mountains and blue water, microwave ripples in the name, in the flat lake, can be heard in the spring birds, summer to see the swimming fish, autumn to enjoy the red leaves, winter to see the mountains, such as in the Penglai fairyland. Yao Village Boutou Village, along the mountains and water, a glimpse of the Yao family strange dress, dietary practices, living life, you can understand the current situation of the life of the Yao people over the mountains, even the literary master Qin Mu to this also changed the habit of not drinking, with the Yao people drink three big cups.
□ Yao rows of ancient cottage scenery as picturesque
Hundred miles of Yao Mountain Hundred Jin Jinxiu, Yao Mountain scenery is particularly fascinating. Here is a karst rocky area, rocky mountains, rising from the ground, strange peaks, jagged rocks, cloud vaporization, purple smoke, the poet Wei Qiu said: "stalagmite fairy island", the writer Chen Huiyun poem praise "looking for the scene without having to Guilin". Here, the seasons are like spring, with streams and rivers, a continuous sea of forests, and birdsong and flowers. In spring, the red flowers in the mountains look like brocade; in summer, the waterfalls are flowing with jade; in fall, the osmanthus smokes the fragrance of hundreds of ravines; in winter, the red maple burns like fire in the mountains. Tourist attractions like Wanshan Chaowang, Luming Autumn High, Shishan Guiyuan, Jinkeng Forest Sea, Bandong Tianhu, Sanpai Ancient Walled City, etc., each with its own characteristics, a hundred shapes and sizes, making people forget to come back to the city, and the beauty of the city is overwhelming.
Composed of Yao Mountain scenery is another feature of the scenery of the ancient villages, commonly known as the Yao rows of ancient villages. These Yao rows are built in the thousands of meters above the mountain steep glass, according to the mountains and slopes, dense rows and rows, overlapping, stacked on the mountain. Often the roof of the house in front of the house and the ground behind the house level high, between which there is a corridor aisle, horizontal streets and alleys, the families connected to form the pattern of Yao Row. Most of these houses are bamboo-cement wall structure of hanging footstools, inside there are fireplace ponds, this trough rushes cool pots, like a spider's web of bamboo water width, airtight bedrooms and other unique equipment, showing the picture of the life of the Yao family. Looking at the main fortress of Yao Pai from afar, it looks like a mirage, a home in the sky. Climbing to the ancient fortress of Yao Pai, it is like entering the altar of the ancient fortress. Entering the Yao family is like returning to the primitive society. The ancient style and charm are mysterious and inexplicable. The flavor is rich and confusing. Like the big brother row Nangang ancient fortress, known as the heavenly Lei Gong on the ground Yao Long Yao Longzhai, the sky mountain Yao Longzhai, the long-suffering oil ridge row, the famous three rows of ancient fortresses and so on, hundreds of families composed of the ancient Yao rows, is the "Feng Shui Treasure Ground" of the people to explore and find the victory.
□ Yao Festival--Juggling Songtang
There are many festivals in Paiyao in a year. The most large-scale traditional festival is the "Juggling Songtang". There are two kinds of festivals: the big and the small ones. The big song hall activities 3 to 9 days, every 10 to 15 years organized. The small song hall activity 1 day, 3 ~ 5 years held once, by the Yao rows of democratic consultation decision, generally selected in the lunar calendar around October 16 held. Legend has it that this day is the birth date of Pangu's mother and the day of Pangu's death, plus the return of grain to the barn in October, so it is a grand celebration of a good harvest and an omen of good weather in the coming year. In the spring it was decided by the elders and Mr. Gong to study the matter, and the whole platoon prepared money, food, wine and meat.
The eve of the song, the Yao family that is to buy and prepare wine, meat, chicken, duck, tofu, glutinous rice patties, cakes and fruits, and assessed a number of households to collect donations for the song public. Each family invites their Han Chinese friends and relatives from outside the Paiwan to come and visit. The essence of Songtang is the general manifestation of Paiyao's religious beliefs, national costumes, folk art and folk customs. It can be called the national culture synthesis.
Song Hall of the day, Yao men, women and children are dressed in festive costumes; beads, colorful, out of the nest, full of entertainment.
Juggling song hall to the religious "tour of the gods" opened, carry to see the Pan Wang, Pan mother statue, Prime with bamboo coils, blowing bullhorn, banging gongs, jumping long drums, dancing drums, as well as young men and women and other songs and dances team, composed of a vast team throughout the cottage streets and alleys, drums and music, singing and singing, the ancient Yao rows of noise! The sky is full of stars, flowers, spectacular.
After the tour of God, people concentrated in the song Hall Ping, to carry out colorful cultural and religious activities. One of the "play" song, that is, singing, song, fight song, men, women, young and old on the battlefield, the sound of exhaustion not to retreat. There are dancing, long encouragement, flower encouragement, master dance, tea-picking dance and so on.
Over the state over the house is playing song a center link, they are in the song in the Hall of Ping inserted a slip of a few a slip of a child of the gold bamboo streamers. On the streamers are written Jingzhou, Liangzhou, Daozhou or Guangzhou Prefecture, Lianzhou Prefecture, and so on, known as the state point. Then led by Mr. Gong, dancing to see the sword, shaking to see the bell, singing Yaojing, led by the God of the tour brigade, around these state capitals around and around, living like a dragon wandering, changing thousands of changes. The meaning is to commemorate the arduous journey of our ancestors who migrated to Yao Mountain and relived the history.
After passing through the states and provinces, there are songs and dances to glorify national heroes, and the black-faced man who chases away evils and drives them away, etc., which are unique in form and superb in performance, with a strong ethnic flavor and high artistic level.
The song and dance of all people is the ending of the song hall, at this time, the Yao family will invite foreigners, guests together **** dance, dragon and tiger, full of auspicious celebrations.
During the whole process of the song, the Yao family has water wine and rice cake, eat and drink at their own discretion. Therefore, everyone drank red, drunk, to the end of the evening, each home to entertain guests. See, the Yao village wine incense incense heaven and earth, family help drunken people return.
□ Panwang Monument
Liannan's "Panwang Monument", 27 kilometers away from the county town, is the location of the Eddy Water Township, where the mountains and valleys are high and deep, and the sea of forests is lush and green, sparsely populated, and the environment is beautiful. However, it is the earliest source of Yao family migration to Liannan, with a long history and many stories. As early as 1300 years ago, a Panwang Temple was built here, and the incense is flourishing. It is a treasure place for tracing the history of Yao family and examining Yao culture. Some years ago, the Panwang Temple was repaired and decorated, and the highway was repaired. Only opened as a tourist attraction, open to the public.
Panwang Temple in the six water and Huangjiachong six convergence of the exit, four sides of the mountains, the mountains built Yao row, the more prosperous rows of Ma Touchong, Cat Pit, Yaolong, Huangjiachong, Eddy Water, six United, the pit and so on, surrounded by the Panwang Temple, the formation of the stars arching over the moon momentum. Eddy water river year-round noisy flow to the county, the drop is large, the amount of water is sufficient, along the river power station one, the water and the highway to the same direction. Therefore, the drive into the eddy water, along the way, the water curved bay long, lush forests, power stations, terraced fields layer by layer, the beauty of the landscape and water color is breathtaking. Prosperous Yao rows, majestic mountains and rivers, Yao people are attributed to the gift of Pan Wang. Therefore, the elders of the cottage Yao compatriots, often to organize the Yao people to Pan Wang Temple to hold ancestral prayer activities. Over time, the Pan Wang manifestation, blessing or punishment of the Yao people's stories on the more and more, the more the more the spirit of the more magical, the Pan Wang has become an offense, the supreme deity.
Saying no God is fine, saying the spirit of God is fine, but the Acacia tree in front of the Panwang Temple is extremely magical. This tree is about a hundred years old or more, 28 meters tall, the crown diameter of 7.5 meters, the trunk of the chest 2.3 meters, 0.73 meters in diameter, like the Yao family parasol. The tree is like a sun umbrella of Yao family. It stands on top of the sky and the ground, and its branches and leaves are flourishing and undefeated all the year round. Year-round hanging full of pearl-like acacia beans, beans ripe since the fall, the Yao family often pick up home, put in the hall in front of the ancestral shrine, it is said to be able to ward off evil and drive away evil, blessing the family's peace of mind. Miraculously, this tree can forecast the weather for the Yao family, whenever a long drought without rain, if the leaves of this tree from green to black, the next day on the rain. If it rains for a long time without clearing up and the leaves turn green and red, the sky will clear up. According to its forecast, the Yao family can arrange their own agricultural life. Its rotting leaves and fruits can cure diseases. People respect Panwang and care for the sacred tree with great devotion. They go to visit the tree, burn incense, light candles, pray sincerely, pick up a few red beans, and ask for the blessing of King Pan.
□ Yao marriage customs
Pai Yao monogamous marriage system. People of the same family name generally do not intermarry, but after five generations, they can intermarry.
The main way for Yao people to talk about marriage is to sing and pass on their love. Singing and talking about marriage is sometimes carried out during festivals, and sometimes it is done in the mountains when they are laboring across the mountains. The most popular is the night to the female window to the song. "My fair lady, gentleman good martial arts", the Yao family girls grow to 17-18 years old, the night that is, there are young people door to door singing, there is a young man alone to invite the girl to sing, and sometimes a few young people at the same time round singing, singing content is generally admiring the girl's beautiful name and character, to express the feelings of love, the female side, if you have the heart, that is, the same tone of voice to sing, if you do not intend to, she that is, in a ritualistic manner, to the female side of the song. If the woman has the intention, she will sing in the same tone; if she has no intention, she will thank the suitors with a ceremonial song. Among the many suitors, if one youth is chosen by the woman, the other youths will not only not be jealous, but will be heartily congratulated on their love.
After the success of the singing marriage, the man will bring chickens, wine and meat to the woman's home to perform the "wedding ceremony", agreeing on the date of the wedding, the man will prepare for the wedding, and the woman will prepare for the "dowry".
The man's bride-price to "dowry meat" is the main. Each "dowry meat" 6 to 9 pounds of pork, depending on the number of female relatives (uncles, brothers, large and small uncles, etc.), in addition to symbolic red packets, hanging packets, wine, chickens and so on. The woman is not forced, in general, there are a few hundred dollars can be resolved with the bride price items. The woman's dowry is mainly embroidered "dowry" and firewood. The woman is required to cut dozens of quintals of firewood as a dowry to show that she is a hard-working and thrifty person. In the past, there were also dowries of fields, mountains and forests, as well as buckets, foot pots, long plain knives, hoes and sun umbrellas, so that the dowry was like moving house.
On the day of the wedding, the man first to the woman's home to stay the night, the woman's home is equipped with fried soybeans, peanuts, etc., by a few girls to play with the groom until dawn. Marriage feast to be hosted by the uncle, the dishes do not care, generally green vegetables and chicken, corn boiled pork, large leeks boiled water tofu, chicken fried cut powder. Uncle to sing a toast to raise chopsticks, other relatives and sing, the bride sang "crying marriage song", to express gratitude.
The end of the banquet, that is, married. The bride is dressed by her sister-in-law. By Mr. Gong (master) chanting, to marry uncle, brother and sister-in-law sing "to marry song", to send the bride out the door, put up the sun umbrella on the road.
On the way to meet the bride, all the streams and bridges, the groom must carry the bride across.
To the male side of the Yaopai intersection, the male side of the early people ready to hold water and wine to welcome the song, around the wedding to express mutual gratitude to aggravate the feelings of relatives, etc., every song to drink a bowl of wine, about an hour to sing before accepting the bride into the cottage.
To the door of the male family, the groom is "away from home", to the third day home, take the bride back to the bride's home to worship the ancestors, before returning home to start the newlywed life. Male family also by the master chanting the bride into the house, and immediately opened the feast. At this time, the bride must bring a basin of water to the male family relatives to wash their hands. Introduced to recognize, within the relatives to give red envelopes to show the gift of meeting. Then, the bride is not on the table, standing in a corner of the hall, ready to add wine and food for the elders, listening to the marriage uncle and the male relatives sing songs. The wedding banquet is also a few dishes mentioned above, eat and then add, the banquet to make a few bells, everyone sings hoarse, drinking cheese Ding drunk, the banquet is considered to be the end.
Paiyao divorces are rare. Divorce procedures are very simple, the two sides on the road back to back drink a bowl of wine, each walking east and west is considered to be divorced from the effective. Divorce and remarriage are not discriminated against, and the marriage customs are basically the same as those of a girl getting married.
□ Unique Architecture of Zhuang Family
The traditional house of Zhuang family is called "high fence", which is divided into two floors, the upper floor is for living and the lower floor is for raising livestock, and it is mainly constructed with cedar bark and thatched grass. After the liberation, the life of the peasants has been greatly improved, and at the same time, they are also influenced by the Han architecture, and now the HOS houses are generally in the form of "a three": "a five", i.e., the center is a hall, with two bedrooms on both sides, and the kitchen, pigsties and other slightly shorter annexed rooms. Another pattern for "a hall and two rooms with a well and two corridor type", that is, a patio in front of the hall, on both sides of the room.
Strong houses generally do not open the back door, back window, only the main door, side door and side window. The same family name to build a village together, a household a house. After the population flourished, the village appeared several gatehouse, a gatehouse represents a branch of the same surname. The gatehouse is a public **** place, there is a pair of eight tiles with a pair of "eyes" on the door, the shed placed on the old man's longevity wood, downstairs on both sides of the benches placed for people to sit and rest and children to play. In front of the gatehouse hangs a gold plaque with the name of the merit, some also embedded in the wall to record the history of the clan stone carving.
□ Unique Zhuang Festivals
The Zhuang people have their own unique worship, and almost every lunar month there are festivals or commemorative festivals. Some of these festivals are the same as those of the Han Chinese, such as the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Chung Yeung Festival and the Winter Solstice. However, although these festivals are the same, the ceremonies for celebrating or commemorating them are different.
From the first to the fifteenth day of the first month of the Chinese New Year, the Zhuang people enjoy the custom of singing the "New Year's Eve Song" and "sitting in the Song Hall" in groups of men and women. The villages popular "loaded with ancient things", the village as a unit, men and women, young and old, were mobilized to dress up ancient heroes, historical figures, etc., and at night with a variety of lanterns, lanterns, birds, fish, butterflies and other images of the lamps, interspersed with lion dances, gongs and drums to neighboring villages outside of the Pangyong show tour. "Ancient things team" up to more than a hundred people, the leader of the lamp marked so-and-so village, by the village of the highest seniority, is considered to be "good life" to support.
February 2, the Zhuang called "plowing festival". It signifies the beginning of agricultural activities, and every family makes big rice cakes, which is an omen of a good year. The festival can not invite guests to dinner, accommodation, newly married daughters to go back to her mother's home to get production tools and seeds, and do not stay overnight.
March 3, part of the Zhuang people on this day to worship their ancestors. In the past, after the collective sweeping of the tomb, the pork was divided by the family name of the house, but now it has been changed to each family sweeping their own ancestral tomb.
April 8, commonly known as the "cow Huangxian", the ancient name "Longhua will", is a large festival of the Zhuang people, banquets will be friends, very lively, and to soak out of the water of the Huang Kizi or maple leaves steamed cooking yellow, black color glutinous rice, wrapped in tender bamboo leaves and so on. Feed yellow oxen and buffaloes respectively, and insert willow or green branches of sleeve and maple tree on the door of the cattle pen, so that the oxen can rest for a day. In some villages, glutinous rice is eaten without chopsticks, and the rice is pinched into a ball and eaten with the hands. If there is a weak child in the family, he or she will be made to grab the colorful rice with his or her hands, wearing a straw raincoat and a bamboo hat on his or her head. Eating in the cattle pen, in order to let the children like cattle like coarse food, fast growth and robust.
June 6, Tasting Festival. Zhuang call "worship yuan that", the original meaning is to cut the new harvest to worship the god of the field, is also a major festival of the Zhuang people, to steam two or three pounds of glutinous rice brown rice to celebrate.
July 7, Beggar's Day. Zhuang girls to enter the river to bathe. Legend has it that when the mouth of the Milky Way in the sky of the immortal water flow to earth, after washing, the girl's mind and body more healthy. At the same time also loaded back to the immortal water vinegar, called "July incense".
July 14th, known as the Chinese Yuan Festival, commonly known as the Ghost Festival. This vigorously Zhuang women to go to their mothers' homes on the day, every holiday, must carry chickens, ducks gifts to return home to visit relatives.
September 9, Chung Yeung Festival, the Zhuang people are not like the Han Chinese climbing mountains, but to engage in "send fire God" activities. In the afternoon of this day, the Zhuang villages, one person in each family to the field or river bank with bamboo, straw tie a hut, the house for putting paper money, firecrackers to sacrifice the fire god. At night, one person from each family, each holding a fire to burn grass huts, paper cannons and bamboo blasting sound, wind and fire sound and people "ming yell" call sound into a piece, intended to send away the fire god, praying to avoid house fires. When the small straw house is burned, it will no longer light a fire, and you have to go home in the dark to show that the fire god has been sent away.
□ Funny Zhuang wedding customs
Strong family members have the habit of "going out three steps from the song", love is also a song to pass on love. If a young man sees a woman he likes, he will try to find out with a song: "Good flower color, good flower branch, good flower desire (meaning "pull") to move the heart, good flower is born in the big intersection, asked someone to take charge of no?
If the woman is already a married woman, she will sing: "No move, no move, do not move my (meaning "this") plate of flowers, right, I have a plate of flowers have a master, please go to my brother to love flowers everywhere!
If the woman is a girl, but not yet interested in the young man, she will sing: "words carry (meaning "to") my brother to listen to tell my brother know, I am a branch of the moon season flowers, my brother know, the moon season is all le (meaning "thorns"). Shade' at this time the young man will be modestly back: "sister said that my good for good, how the sister you day even even, Lai (meaning "sprinkle") cry without fear of mouth crooked, my brother is burning charcoal to carry firewood big, water shower day sprinkle day no more". The girl for the expression of the heart, will be more affectionately sung "day net net sister not greedy, Wu Wu Chi Chi sister I dislike, heart curry gap, lime to white no one to eat, yellow sugar is very black is (meaning "only") sweet".
Even the wedding, there is a unique set of customs:
One is the bride to get married wearing a black wedding dress. Black, in the Zhuang family said orthodox, even if the bride usually hate black clothes, but to the day of the wedding, but also to wear the groom's home sewing black dowry, before the workshop out of the hall and elders to say goodbye.
The second is to give the bride "seal seal", that is, when the bride stepped out of the hall line to the door, the bride immediately stepped on the bride's footprints to go, step by step, legend has it that the bride forgets the road to the home, single-mindedly with her husband to start a family.
Three is the back of the bride out of the door, when the bride out of the house, the bride instantly cover the bride with a red scarf, and then by the pre-designated elder brother to the bride back out of the village of Sei Menlou, and then the party and the bridesmaids on the road with the same. Why does the bride need to be carried? The intention is that the bride is difficult to part with their loved ones, do not want to leave, had to call the elder brother back.
Four is the bride on the road is not allowed to look back, if it is unintentionally look back, to take the bride will have to go to the well or the river to fetch water to the bride to drink, as a sign of the bride of this infidelity to her husband's punishment.
Five is the bride's cave "sitting time", when the bride introduced into the cave to put the bride will sit with the bride and bride and feet on top of the bride's feet, until the bench sitting hot, the floor stepped on the floor warm until the bride is meant to make the bride from now on to put down roots, blossom and bear fruit.
Six is the bride to draw new water, that is, the bride after the door for the first time to draw water, the Zhuang people are very concerned about this. Lan bride was aunt or sister-in-law to the well or the river, first toward the source of the curtsy, and then receive a few coins to draw water, intended to inform the water god, the bride has paid for this side of the water, and the eye bucket mouth to ask for a water source to draw full, praying for future full of blessings full of wealth.
Seven is to steal the groom's shoes. When the cave night after Yaner, the groom is important to hide the shoes, if the bride peeped, later by the bride speech counts. Therefore, the groom that night more than the new shoes tucked under the pillow before going to sleep.