Splashing water is the most important traditional activity of the Water Splashing Festival. People splash water on each other and wish each other well, and the Dai people often say, "Splash water once a year, and splash whoever you can afford to splash". Splashing water conveys the sincere friendship and love of young men and women, splashing water expresses people's blessings to each other, and the water of Shengji washes people's hard work, sweat, worries, and sorrows clean in a year. Sprinkle the joy and holy water to the guests and passers-by from afar. To show respect and welcome to the guests, and spread friendship to friends in all directions. Traditional activities also include throwing bags to courtship, dancing the peacock dance and the majestic and dashing elephant foot drum dance, cultural performances, sports competitions, trade transactions, material exchanges and so on. Many VIPs and tourists from home and abroad have come here to spend a joyful Water Splashing Festival with the Dai people*** and formed long-lasting friendships. Generally in the tourist attraction Jinghong County Manfeilong Stupa and Menghai County Jingzhen Bajiao Pavilion in front of the celebration of this grand festival.
There is a touching story in Dai folklore about the origin of the Water Festival.
Legend has it that in ancient times, agricultural time was controlled by a god called Huanmadan Dala Zha. However, holding hemp point Dala Chad with their own magic skill, God's power, chaotic display of God's power, do whatever they want, want to rain on the rain, want to lower the temperature on the temperature, so that the earth's warm and cold out of balance, rain and drought confusion. The god of the sky Inda Tila decided to give the earth to the disaster of the cupped hemp point Dalachar to sanction, but due to the cupped hemp point Dalachar magic skill, all the gods do not dare to move him. So Indarati turned into a handsome young man, to "string" holding hemp point Dalachar's seven daughters, he told their father how to do evil things. Seven kind, beautiful girl was on the father's behavior is very dissatisfied, today heard the words of the "young man" is filled with righteous indignation, determined to justice, for the earth to eliminate the disaster, the girls privately discuss, to get rid of the father of the ten evil, must be the father of the secret of life and death to find out. Hold hemp point Dala Chad in the joke unknowingly leaked his own secrets of life and death: fire, flooding, knife, arrows, he was not afraid of, afraid of their hair made of "Bow Sai Zai" (meaning "bow of the heart strings").
One day, the girls got their father drunk, and while he slept, they quietly pulled out one of his hairs and made a "bow sezai". When they put "Bow Sai Zai" against the cupped hemp point Dala Zha, his neck is broken, the head fell to the ground, on the fire, the fire spread everywhere. In order to extinguish the fire, the seven girls took turns holding the head in their arms until it rotted. Rotation, the girls have to call the water, splashing on their own body, washed away full of stains relics of the stench.
In order to commemorate the seven righteousness of the family, for the people to get rid of the girl, the Dai people celebrate the New Year, are to be held in order to eliminate water activities, to eliminate disasters, I wish in the new year, the wind and rain, grain harvest, people and animals thrive. The Dai New Year in the "wrist brain", is to hold hemp point Dala Chad's head rotting day, splash water activities held on this day.
In fact, the Water Festival for the Dai New Year, which originated in India, was once a Brahmin religious rituals, and then absorbed by the Buddhist, through the Burmese into the Yunnan Dai area. The time was around the end of the thirteenth century to the beginning of the fourteenth century. About 700 years ago, with the increasing influence of Southern Theravada Buddhism in the Dai region, the custom of the Water Festival has become increasingly widespread.
Climatic Characteristics of Xishuangbanna
The first impression of Xishuangbanna is that the mountains are full of green. Flowers bloom in all seasons, fruits are knotted for the whole year, trees do not lose their leaves in fall and winter, and only in the alternation of dry and rainy seasons, a few trees change their leaves in batches. The second feeling is that the climate is mild and there is no trace of "winter". A climatologist once made such a division of spring, summer, autumn and winter: the average monthly temperature is lower than 10 ℃ for the winter, the average monthly temperature is higher than 22 ℃ for the summer, the average monthly temperature between 10 ℃ -22 ℃ for the spring and fall. The average monthly temperature in the low altitude areas of Xishuangbanna is around 15℃. Therefore, Xishuangbanna is known as "the land without winter". December to February, it is the northern part of the motherland "thousands of miles of ice, thousands of miles of snow", but in Xishuangbanna, people are still in the Lancang River, swimming, fishing moss it!
From the point of view of the terrain environment, Xishuangbanna north of the Tibetan plateau, located in the Hengduan mountain range tail, south of the Hohan Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean appeasement zone, winter and summer for the control of different land and sea air masses, the formation of the same latitude with the other regions can not be compared with a superior environment. Himalayan movement formed in the Lancang River as the center, from north to south, from both sides of the three knife wing to the center of the drop and the page is relatively low, with a gap like "horseshoe-shaped" terrain, the state terrain for the northwest high, southeast low. The highest peak for the Menghai County Birch Bamboo Liangzi, elevation 2429.7 meters, the lowest point in the Lancang River and the South La River confluence, elevation 477 meters, the relative height difference of 1952.7 meters. This makes Xishuangbanna become a cold easy to enter and difficult to leave, no typhoon raging plateau basin, constituting a unique subtropical environmental conditions.
From the latitudinal position, Xishuangbanna belongs to the direct sun area, high angle of incidence, strong solar radiation, high temperature, subtropical high pressure belt and the northeast trade winds control the region, so it is warm all the year round, the summer is long and no winter. April to late October temperatures in 22 ° C or more, November to the following March for the spring and fall, the temperature is 13 ° C - -12 ° C between. -The average annual temperature is 18°C. The average annual temperature is 18°C - 20°C, with a small annual temperature difference, a large daily temperature difference, and large inter-regional differences. The extreme high temperature reaches 41°C, and the extreme low temperature reaches -4.5°C. The annual temperature difference is about 10°C, but the daily temperature difference reaches 18°C. The annual sunshine hours are 1700 - 1700 hours. Annual sunshine hours of 1700 - 2300 hours, the state's annual radiation total average value of 130.7 kcal/CM2.
Xishuangbanna gives people the third feeling is: humidity. The annual rainfall in Xishuangbanna is between 1200 millimeters and 1900 millimeters, and the annual average relative humidity is between 82--85%. Xishuangbanna is located in the tropics south of the Tropic of Cancer, belonging to the climatology of the two seasons, the northern edge of the climate type of tropical monsoon climate, mountainous areas for the subtropical monsoon humid climate, year-round warmth, sunny, heat-rich, humid and rainy, with a "long summer, no winter, a rain into the fall" characteristics.
Western winds in the northern hemisphere in winter to the south, due to the Tibetan Plateau, the Hengduan Mountains and its tail a bit of Mianjunshan, Wuliangshan and other mountain ranges of the barrier, hot and humid and rich in water vapor from the Gulf of Beibu, Bay of Bengal to the north, by the Lancangjiang River system to guide the warm and humid air mass along the river valley deep into the interior of the region to the north, the formation of a unique tropical humid zone and bring abundant rainfall. Therefore, compared with the same latitude in the eastern region of winter heat, cold wave influence is weak; compared with the same latitude in the western region of summer rainfall, and is not affected by typhoons.
Xishuangbanna can be divided into dry and wet seasons according to the amount of rainfall. from May to October by the Indian Ocean southwest monsoon and the Pacific southeast monsoon, the airflow is deep and stable, precipitation is frequent and centralized, so the weather is cloudy, rainy, warm and humid, the period is the rainy season, the precipitation accounted for more than 80% of the precipitation of the year. During the wet season, there is little sunshine, little wind, many clouds and rain, high temperature, rain and eye, and high humidity. Sometimes even within one or two square kilometers, it rains in the east and clears in the west; sometimes the sun shines brightly, and the fog time will be torrential downpours.November - the following April up to seven months, the south branch of the westerly winds to the Iran-Pakistan-Indian Peninsula, such as the northern part of the desert or continental regions of the dry and warm air flow to guide over, so that the weather is sunny, less rain, pleasant temperatures, and this time is the dry season. Although there are few clouds and rain and strong light, the fog in Xishuangbanna is thick and dewy. The fog here begins to rise at night and does not dissipate until midday the following day, and the concentration of fog and dew is much greater than in the "fog capital" of Chongqing, which not only raises temperatures on cold days, but also makes up for the lack of precipitation in the dry season.
The region has a tropical climate with an area of 3,452Km (square kilometers), which is the largest area of hot zone on the mainland of China. Due to the influence of the terrain, the state across the vertical changes, three-dimensional climate is significant, forming a rich microclimate habitat. For the growth of tropical and subtropical many kinds of plants and crops provide good conditions.
Xishuangbanna Environmental Profile
Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture is located in the southern tip of China's Yunnan Province, with a land area of 19,112.5 square kilometers and a border of 966 kilometers long, it is one of the few green treasures on the ground of China, and the well-maintained tropical rainforest ecosystems within its territory are world-famous. Xishuangbanna is the only remaining oasis on the Tropic of Cancer in the world, and the only tropical forest area preserved in China. She is beautiful, rich and marvelous, like a brilliant pearl set in the southwest border of the motherland.
Xishuangbanna's national border with Laos and Myanmar, respectively, and Thailand, Vietnam, close neighbors, with the location of South Asia facing the advantages of the port. Existing Mohan, Jinghong two national port rock and Taoluo provincial ports. Lancang River running north and south, out of the country called the Mekong River, flowing through Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam 5 countries out to sea into the Pacific Ocean, known as the "Oriental Danube", is a golden waterway for economic trade, therefore, Xishuangbanna is facing Southeast Asia, South Asia, an important channel and base, but also the window of Yunnan opening up to the outside world, the geographic advantages, natural advantages are unique. The advantages of geography and nature are unique.
Xishuangbanna, a long history, anciently known as Mengtuo, Dai ancestors as early as the Han Dynasty lived in the southwest of Yunnan, belonging to the county of Yongchang (now Baoshan) jurisdiction, to the Three Kingdoms set up South Fulcrum County, Tang and Song dynasty successively affiliated with the Nanzhao and Dali State; Yuan dynasty affiliated with the province of Yunnan, the Ming Dynasty here to fully implement the system of the Toastmasters, the Ming Longqing 4 years (that is, in 1570 A.D.), Xuanwu knife should be Meng to the jurisdiction of the area is divided into Twelve administrative units for collecting feudal burdens - Banna, the name of Xishuangbanna thus came. In the early years of the Republic of China (1912) was reset to the General Administration along the border of Pusi, under the Pu'er Road. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China **** and the State, on January 23, 1953 was established Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture.
The Dai language "Xishuangbanna" directly translated as "twelve thousand fields", actually refers to twelve administrative regions. The Dai people said Xishuangbanna ancient called "Mengba Naxi", meaning "a magical, beautiful ideal country". Xishuangbanna has a tropical rainforest climate with abundant sunshine and rainfall, and the average annual temperature is about 21 degrees Celsius, so people here have never seen snow or ice. A year is divided into two seasons, November to April is the dry season; May to October for the rainy season. January is the coldest, the average temperature in February 16C, June is the hottest, the average monthly temperature of 28C. dry season, high and cool, less rain and strong light, the motherland is in the interior of the winter, but Xishuangbanna is warm as spring, lush green, flowers are in full bloom, no intention of standing in the winter, it is the people to come to avoid the cold, rest, recuperation and travel to the golden season. The golden season.
Xishuangbanna, mountains towering, majestic, dense forests, hills stretching. The area of flat dam only accounts for 5%. Jurisdiction of a city and two counties (Jinghong City, Menghai County, Mengla County) more than 40 townships, with a total population of more than 840,000 people, inhabited by Dai, Han, Hani, Lahu, Yi, Brown, Jinuo, Yao and other 13 ethnic groups . Dai is the main ethnic group, nearly 300,000 people.
There are 3.6 million mu of precious tropical rainforest nature reserves in Xishuangbanna, of which 700,000 mu are well-preserved primitive forests. In these dense jungles, there are more than 20,000 kinds of plant resources, among which there are more than 5,000 kinds of higher plants, accounting for about 1/6 of the country. there are more than 300 kinds of endemic, rare and relict species. Included in the national key protection of rare, endangered, endangered plants such as tree ferns, hip-shaped fruit, day material wood, woodlily, chicken feather pine, iron, small-leaved species of grass, Bai Ri Qing and so on up to 51 kinds of plants, accounting for the national key protection of plants, so some people say that it is the "gene pool of plant species". These species have been reproduced for more than one million years, both primitive and ancient, known as the "living fossil". Only Xishuangbanna endemic and rare plants are Wangtian tree, red light tree, Yunnan nutmeg, four serval wood, cloud tree, yellow fruit wood, Hu Tong, garcinia cambogia, Meideng wood, three pointed fir and so on. There are 1,200 kinds of cash crops that can be directly utilized, making it one of the densest and richest regions of China in terms of plants.
Rich plants and mild climate, a variety of animal survival and reproduction has an ideal home. Currently there are nearly 400 species of birds, 67 species of animals, 1437 species of insects. Among them, Asian elephants, vultures, white-bellied black woodpecker, money leopard, Indochinese tiger, etc. for the world's protected animals. The sloth monkey, white-cheeked long-necked ape, money leopard, tiger, elephant, bison, antelope, red-horned hornbill and other 20 species are national first-class protected animals. Bears and monkeys, golden cats, original chickens, peacocks, peacock pheasants, etc. are the second class of national protected animals. There are also precious and rare amphibian lizards, pythons, tiger frogs and large geckos in the territory, which are not only of scientific research value but also of high economic value.
The tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna is a mysterious and attractive place for many travelers. When you step into the Xishuangbanna territory, the first thing you feel is to enter a green world, primitive forests, rubber forests, fruit tree forests, banana forests, tea mountain ...... constitutes a picture of the green sea, strain the waves, the green waves will surge into your heart; the body of the slim Dai girls, beautiful and pure, wearing beautiful long hair, elegant style; and That rich and unique ethnic customs, so that foreign tourists tsk tsk praise.
At present, Xishuangbanna has opened up more than 120 attractions such as Xishuangbanna Primitive Forest Park, Wild Elephant Valley, Botanical Garden, Tropical Rainforest Wonders, Ethnic Tourism Village, etc. It has been listed as one of the three key tourism development zones in China which are particularly rich in tourism resources by the State Council, and it is one of the first batch of key scenic spots in the country. Ethnic culture, ethnic customs, tropical rain forest, ornamental plants, wild animals and other natural and humanistic landscapes are integrated. Daijia bamboo buildings, exquisite workmanship, chic style; and fragrant bamboo, but also an unstoppable temptation. Xishuangbanna has now opened border tourism with Lao, Myanmar, Thailand and other countries, and will soon open international flights. Xishuangbanna will become the central hub to connect with the Southeast Asian tourism market.
The origin of the name Xishuangbanna
Xishuangbanna, is a Dai word. In four words, there are three number words and one noun. The Dai words Xishuang, Shuang and Banna, translated into Chinese, are ten, two and a thousand; Na, a noun, means field. Some of the articles introducing Xishuangbanna, according to the meaning of the word Xishuangbanna translated into twelve thousand fields. Twelve thousand fields, strange or not? Ten thousand is ten thousand, twelve thousand should be twelve thousand, why not call twelve thousand fields, but called twelve thousand fields? In order to know the mystery, we have to talk about the origin of the word "Xishuang".
Xishuangbanna, in ancient times, was called Menghu, meaning the place where Dai Dancing lives. Dai Dance is a branch of the Dai ethnic group, known in Chinese as Shui Dai, the main settlement is now Xishuangbanna. According to the book "Dancing Western Shuangbang", there are twelve Dancing tribes in ancient times, such as Bonghao, Bongpa, Bonghan, Bonglao, Bongshao, Bonghei, Bonglan, Bongmao, Bonggai, Bonglong, Bonglai, and so on, in the place of Menghu Dancing. These twelve Dai dance tribes, in order to compete with other ethnic groups for Pingba, formed a tribal alliance organization called "dance West Shuangbang". The chiefs of the twelve tribes formed the "four ministers and eight ministers" of the Dancing Xi Shuang Bang tribal alliance organization. These twelve ministers were responsible for managing various affairs. It is also recorded in "Dancing Western Ssangbang" that King Dai Dancing was appointed by the King of Heaven and succeeded to the throne by his descendants. One generation of Dancing King died suddenly, but his descendants were far away from home. The brave and witty Kita Shari, entrusted by the people, took twelve warriors to find and welcome the descendants of the royal family back to their hometown to inherit the throne. They worked hard to bring the royal descendant back to Mongtok, assisted him to ascend to the throne, and used a plan to get rid of his political rival, Zao Zhenhan, so that the royal descendant, named Zao Suwannabolong, could sit firmly on the throne. Because of their outstanding service to the Dai King, Chitasari and his twelve warriors were divided into twelve states and allowed to establish their territories, Meng and the city called Jing. From then on, the Dai Dance place appeared Xishuangjing (twelve cities) and many Meng, the leader of the Meng is called Zhaomeng (meaning the lord of a place).
In the 522nd year of the Dai calendar (1160 A.D.), Paya Zhen, who was only 32 years old, conquered all the mengs and established the Kingdom of Jinglong Jintian (also known as the Kingdom of Mangdog) in Mangdog. The emperor of the Song Dynasty sent an envoy to Jinglong (now Jinghong) to issue a golden seal with a tiger's head, and ordered him to be the lord of one side, which was called the Supreme Lord of Jinglong Kingdom of Golden Temple. During the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court set up the Xuanwuzhi Department in the Menghu place, which governed the Menghu area. In 944 Dai calendar year, the thirty-third generation of the marriage with the King of Myanmar Xuanwuzhuying Meng, in order to prepare for his beloved wife Lek Suwannabayanma to return home to visit her parents' gifts, will be under the jurisdiction of more than thirty Meng (some say more than one hundred Meng) and twelve fire circle (the rule of mountainous areas of ethnic groups of the agency) merged into a twelve (Xishuang) units to undertake the gifts, each to do a gift to let Bac Lieu Suwannabayanma brought back to his hometown to promote the parents. From then on, all the field gifts, tribute, are twelve copies of the unit as a contractor, and will be merged after the field gifts machinery called Banna.
Xishuang Banna Xishuang, from the ancient Xishuangbang, Xishuangjing. Banna is the beginning of the call for Meng for the preparation of gifts and Meng and the ring of fire merged into twelve units. Banna, in fact, is the consolidation of the field tax. Ancient Xishuangbanna, is the merger of twelve units of the field or authority. The Dai word "Banna" is a polysemous word, which can be translated as "thousand", "wrapped", "united", "merged", and not only "thousand". Banna, also not only can be translated as a thousand fields, but also can be translated as the merger of fields or the merger of paddy fields. When the call should be Meng and into the Xishuangbanna, respectively, ① Banna Jinghong (including Jinghong, Mengham two Meng); ② Banna Meng Zha (including Meng Zha, Jinglu, Meng Kuang, Menghua four Meng); ③ Banna Meng mixed (including Meng mixed, Meng plate two Meng); ④ Banna Menghai (including Menghai, Jingzhen two Meng); ⑤ Banna Jingluo (including Tailor, Menghu, Menghang, Langle four Meng); ⑥ Banna Mengla (including Mengla, Menghai two Men); ⑦ Banna Menghai (including Mengha, Menghai two Men); ⑦ Banna Menghai (including Menghai, Menghai two Men); ⑦ Banna Mengla (including Menghai, Menghuang two Men); ⑦ Banna Menghai (including Menghai, Menghuang) ); (7) Banna Meng very (including Meng very, Meng Wang two Meng); (8) Banna Mengla (including Mengla, Meng to the two Meng); (9) Banna Meng捧 (including Meng Bang, Meng Man, Meng Run three Meng); (10) Banna Mengwu (including Udai, Wuluo two Meng); (11) Banna Jingdang (including Jingdang, Molle, Yiwu, Yibang four Meng); (12) Banna Menglong.
Since the call of the Meng will be Meng and Xishuangbanna, Xishuangbanna jurisdiction and the jurisdiction of the Meng under the jurisdiction of the various Banna constantly adjust the change, but the name of Xishuangbanna has never changed. During the Republic of China, the name of "Twelve Bannas along the border of Pusi" was established in Jinghong. Historically, Xishuangbanna, is the car under the jurisdiction of the Department of Xuanwuzhi twelve to provide tribute to the administrative machinery.
When the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture was established in 1953, the representatives of all ethnic groups thought that "Banna" had the meaning of "Bohai Mina Banta Nangan" (the people of all ethnic groups), and unanimously agreed to follow the Xishuangbanna as the name of the state of the Autonomous Prefecture. Nowadays, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, under the jurisdiction of Jinghong City, Menghai County, Mengla County. The area under its jurisdiction is 19,124.5 square kilometers, and the national border is 966.29 kilometers long, of which 677.8 kilometers are in the Sino-Lao section and 288.49 kilometers are in the Sino-Burma section. There are three national ports, one provincial port, six highways and one waterway connecting with Laos and Myanmar, forming a three-dimensional port network with all-round opening by water, land and air, and it is an open avenue facing Southeast Asia. The population of the state is about 830,000, with the Dai ethnic group accounting for 28.2%, the Han ethnic group accounting for 25%, the Hani ethnic group accounting for 19.04%, and other ethnic minorities accounting for 24.76%, and ethnic minorities accounting for 78.4% of the total population of the state.
Yunnan Minority Customs
The most concentrated attraction of minority customs--Yunnan Ethnic Village
The most populous minority--Yi
The least populous minority --Dulong
China's weirdest village - Bee Rock Cave Village
The most influential festival - Dai Water Festival
The largest Material Exchange Event - March Street of the Bai People
The Most Thrilling Ethnic Minority Festival - Lisu Knife and Pole Festival (going up to the mountain of knives and down to the sea of fire)
The Grandest Ethnic Minority Ball -The Jingpo's Menao Song
The most famous torch festival - the Yi torch festival
The most famous bullfighting festival - the Miao bullfighting session
China's longest banquet The longest banquet of the Hani tribe
The most ethnic rite of passage--Kinuo rite of passage
The most peculiar place of love--Girl's room
The most interesting love letter--Yi tribe torch festival
The most interesting love letter - flowers
The oldest love letter - Laisu
The most euphemistic way of talking about marriage - begging for grain seeds
The most Elegant way of falling in love - passing on love by pipa and mouth string
One of the world's oldest marriage customs - Asha marriage
The strangest marriage custom - bride snatching
The Most Frugal Wedding - Labor
The Most Unique Divorce Ceremony - Setting up a Banquet and Inviting Guests
The Most Interesting Divorce Certificate - Wooden Pieces
The Most Interesting Divorce Certificate - Wooden Pieces<
The most peculiar epistle - in kind
The most revered ethnic group of the fire pit - Hani
The most polite ethnic group - Nu
The ethnic group that likes plucking eyebrows the most--Yao
The ethnic group that likes wearing earrings the most--Kinuo
The most interesting custom--moving in the middle of the night
The people with the most peculiar way of drinking - the Kemu people
The most peculiar fishing tool - the Jingpo long knife
The most powerful way of hunting - the -Empty-handed hunting
The most skillful people in raising eagles for hunting - Naxi