Introducing the Folkways and Customs of an Ethnic Group

Folkways and customs Deang people also had a water festival, time in the seventh day after the Qingming Festival, in addition to pouring water blessing and jumping elephant foot drum dance and other programs with the Dai Water Festival, the Deang Water Festival is the most distinctive custom for the elders to wash their hands and feet. At that time, the young people of each family should prepare a basin of hot water, bring it and put it in the center of the hall, invite parents and other elders of the family to come out and sit on the hall, kowtow and ask for forgiveness from them for their unfiliality in the past year. The elders are also asked to review what they have not done enough to set an example for the younger generation during the year. The younger generation then washes the hands and feet of the elders while wishing each other a year of harmony and hard work. In case of death of parents, elder brothers, sisters and sisters-in-law and brothers-in-law become the recipients of hand and foot washing.

This custom comes from an ancient legend: a disobedient son in the mountains on the seventh day after the Ching Ming Festival work, to see the chick feeding the scene, have a sense of realization, determined to treat his mother well, at this time, his mother is walking up the hill, for the son to send food, accidentally slipped and fell. The son rushed to help her, but she thought he was coming to beat her, and crashed headlong into a tree. The son regretted it, cut down the tree and carved a statue of his mother, and every year, on the seventh day after the Qingming Festival, he would dip the statue into warm water sprinkled with flower petals to clean it. Later on, it evolved into a custom.

Tibet

Each ethnic group has its own unique culture and habits, Tibetans are an ancient and passionate people, in the long history, but also formed their own habits and taboos in life.

1, two long time friends greet each other or chat, your hand can not be on each other's shoulders.

2, you can't cross or step on other people's clothes, or put your own clothes on other people's clothes, and you can't cross over people.

3. Women drying clothes, especially pants, underwear can not be dried where everyone passes by.

4. You cannot whistle or cry loudly in the house.

5, the family out of the house, guests just left, at noon and after sunset and the first day of the Tibetan New Year can not sweep or dump garbage.

6, outsiders can not mention the name of the deceased in front of the relatives of the deceased.

7, this year should be completed work can not be left to do next year, such as twisting wool, knitting, carpets and so on.

8, dusk, can not just go to people's homes, especially people will have a pregnant woman in labor and just gave birth to a woman or a seriously ill person, strangers can not go.

9. After noon, you can't take out any of your family's possessions.

10, a stranger to the big mountains and cliffs and canyons that you have never been to, can not make a lot of noise.

11, can not cross or step on eating utensils, pots and pans, ladle and basin.

12, there are two people at home at the same time out of the house, and in the opposite direction, can not go out at the same time, must go out before and after the time to go out and out of time to be separated.

13. Women cannot comb and wash their hair at night, nor can they go out with their hair draped over their heads.

14. When using brooms and dustpans, they cannot be passed directly from hand to hand, but must be placed on the ground first, and then another person picks them up from the ground.

15, whenever friends and family to your home to visit or visit you, will take some ghee tea or barley wine and other items as a gift to you, the guests before leaving to vacate the things, can not be all vacated, you must leave a little bit in the inside or change a little bit of their own things loaded.

16, chipped or cracked bowls can not be used to eat, and can not pour tea for guests.

II. Yi Ethnicity

The Yi torch festival, also known as the Yi year. In the eyes of the Yi people, fire symbolizes light, justice, prosperity, and a powerful force that can destroy all evil. The Torch Festival is a festival of joy, love and happiness for the Yi people. III. Hong Kong customs

The Lunar New Year is traditionally a grand festival in China, and I believe that no individual Chinese people do not know. However, the Lunar New Year in Hong Kong is very different from the traditional one in terms of customs and atmosphere.

In recent years, very few Hong Kong people have traditionally put up Chinese New Year couplets and New Year paintings in their homes during the Lunar New Year. Instead, they have put up spring scrolls in some stores or at home to wish for "prosperous business" and "peace in and out of the city". In spite of this, the original intention of sticking spring and sticking spring couplets and New Year's paintings, take its auspicious meaning, hope that the coming year everything goes well, peace and security.

In addition, lion dances and dragon lanterns will also be seen in some villages in the New Territories, and it will be difficult to see large-scale lion dances and dragon lanterns on the streets of the city on New Year's Day. As for the discharge of firecrackers, firecrackers, etc. in Hong Kong is prohibited, but since 1982 every year on the second night of the Lunar New Year, in the Victoria Harbour will be held on the night of the grand fireworks display, which has become more than 10 years to welcome the spring of a program.

Hong Kong is known as the "Gourmet Paradise", the Chinese New Year is also a lot of customs related to food, and most families will eat during the Chinese New Year "New Year's dinner", usually in the home feast, on New Year's Eve, the whole family up and down, inside and outside the family gathered together to enjoy the dinner. Dinner. After dinner, the first choice for a major program is believed to be the flower market, during the Lunar New Year, Hong Kong and Kowloon have a number of New Year's Eve markets, including Victoria Park's flower market is the largest and most lively. Hong Kong people are accustomed to after dinner family size to visit the flower market, New Year's Eve is more crowded, shoulder to shoulder, everyone together to celebrate the festive season.

In Hong Kong over the Lunar New Year, the most happy than the collection of "lai see" children, in the Spring Festival to pay homage to the New Year, can be heard everywhere "to" lai see the laughter. "Lishui" was originally "good things", to take the big luck wide good intentions, but also become the Spring Festival with loved ones indispensable custom.

IV. Macao New Year's Customs

Macao New Year's Customs have a unique flavor. One of the most traditional Chinese New Year customs preserved in Macau is the "thanking of the stove". On the 23rd day of the Lunar New Year, the Macau people send off the God of Stoves, which is called "thanking the God of Stoves". Macanese traditionally use Zao candies to give to the god of Zao, saying that it is to paste the mouth of the god of Zao with candies to prevent him from saying bad words to the Jade Emperor. I've seen a Santa Claus statue on a Macau family's stove in Macau's Flower Street, and strangely enough, the Santa Claus statue is labeled with a "good word from heaven, good luck in the house" link.

The Chinese New Year in Macau starts on the 28th day of the Lunar New Year, which is the Cantonese word for "easy to get rich", and most of the business owners treat their employees to a "New Year's dinner" at the end of the year to signify their good fortune and good fortune. Macau's New Year's Eve flavor can be truly felt on the 28th day of the Lunar New Year.

On New Year's Eve, the New Year's Eve vigil and the flower market are the two major events for Macao people to celebrate the old and welcome the new. The New Year's Eve is to play mahjong, watch TV, catch up on old times and chat, and *** enjoy the joy of family; probably influenced by the Western Christmas and Valentine's Day, Macao people also scramble to buy some auspicious flowers and trees to welcome the New Year, which has become a Macao New Year's Eve custom nowadays. Macau in the Lantern Festival organized flower market, mostly peach blossoms, daffodils, potted bamboo, potted oranges, blossoms, wishing for peace, flowers and trees signify a new year's good prospects. Macau's flower market is held for three days, which gives endless solace to the people of Macau who have been running around for a year.

On the day of Chinese New Year, Macao people pay attention to the "Lai Si", "Lai Si" is the red packet, this day the boss to see the staff, the elders to see the elders, and even married people to see the unmarried people have to "Lai Si."" Li Shi" pure crisp is to show good luck. Macau people call the second day of the Lunar New Year "New Year's Eve". It is customary to have a "New Year" meal, which must be prepared with hairy vegetables, lettuce, and carp, which is meant to take its fortune. From the day of the "New Year", the Macau government allows civil servants to "bet" (gamble) for three days. After the "New Year", Macao is completely back to the traditional Chinese New Year customs, until the Lantern Festival, is also a fireworks festival, play dragons and lions, happy days.

5. Taiwan's Spring Festival customs to pick up interest

Spring Festival, is the Chinese nation's long history, the most grand folk traditional festivals. In Taiwan, which is separated from Fujian Province by a stretch of water, its history, culture, customs, living habits, relatives and so on are all inherited from the motherland, especially the southern region of Fujian Province, so the Spring Festival customs of the people on the island are naturally similar to those of the motherland.

As the ancestors of the islanders (mostly Minnan and Hakka) went to Taiwan for development, it has been a long time since then and has gone through many vicissitudes, and the Chinese New Year customs there have gradually formed some unique patterns and colors.

VI. Interesting Jiangsu Spring Festival customs

The Spring Festival in Jiangsu folk, in addition to posting Spring Festival couplets, hanging New Year's paintings, New Year's Eve, lion dances, and the same customs as the whole country, there are also a number of unique customs, which are now included in a number of to the readers.

Suzhou people in the rice on New Year's Eve into the cooked water chestnuts, digging out when you eat, called "digging Yuanbao", friends and relatives to come and go, the tea should be placed into the two green olives, said to drink "Yuanbao tea", congratulations on wealth.

Wujin people on the morning of the first day of the year, the ancestral portrait hanging in the middle of the hall, for the tea and fruit, rice cakes, a family of old and young people in order to perform New Year's rites, known as the "worship God shadow." They are not allowed to sweep from home to sweep, for fear that the "wealth", "Ruyi" swept out, only from the outside to sweep.

Jiangning people have the Spring Festival "playing the drums of the gods" of the custom, by the flag to open the way, the gongs and drums, drums and drums all the way to the drums and drums, the third "night drums", the first seven "on the seven drums", thirteen to fifteen to play the "bare shoulders drums", the atmosphere is very warm.

Nantong people have in front of the door or the hall in front of the sesame stalks, holly, cypress branches of the custom, meaning that life blossomed high, verdant for many years.

Huaiyin people also have the sixth to the child "baked head wind" custom. It is the night to take the child to the field open space lit torches, for the child to drive away the disease, baked while singing: "baked head, wake up the brain, baked feet, step corrective, baked baked belly is not diarrhea, full of all baked all over the body, the disease will never see."

Wuxi fishermen on the eighth day of the year by boat to the West Mountain to worship the custom of the Yuwang Temple, praying for the blessing of the God of Water, sacrificing ao fine Buddha, known as "on?"

The custom of worshiping Yuwang Temple on the eighth day of the Spring Festival was to take a boat to Xishan Mountain to pray for the blessing of the water god.

During the Spring Festival, there are many taboos in the old customs in Jiangsu, such as the first day of the year do not move the scissors, so as to avoid verbal disputes; do not move the knife, so as not to kill; do not eat rice, for fear of going out to meet the rain; do not sweep the floor, for fear of sweeping away the fortune, and so on. With the popularization of scientific knowledge, there are many unscientific customs are gradually forgotten; healthy and useful entertainment and leisure activities, but has been continued.

VII. Guilin Spring Festival customs

? From "New Year's Eve" to New Year's Eve

The Spring Festival steps into the city and countryside of Guilin with the bell ringing at zero hour on December 24th of the lunar calendar. This day is the Guilin people's "New Year's Eve", also known as the "New Year's Eve". On this day, people slaughter dogs and ducks to celebrate the arrival of the Spring Festival. The sound of firecrackers on this day, with people to send Zaowang master "to the sky to say good things" wish crackling, sound transmission of the high world. People believe that the God of the stove is the master of the family, a family of good and evil merits and demerits are in charge of it, so the end of each year, we must send the God of the stove to the sky to the Jade Emperor, for the whole family to lower the blessing from disaster. The ceremony of sacrificing to the God of Zaos is mostly done by the elders of the family, who put candies on the head of the stove to sacrifice to the God of Zaos, praying that the God of Zaos "says good things in heaven and descends to the earth with good luck". The purpose of offering candies to Zaoshen is to make the candies "stick" to Zaoshen's mouth, so that his sweet mouth can say good things. After New Year's Eve, firecrackers are set off to bring the Zao Wang down to earth. This is the Guilin "small year" of the ancient custom, now even if the firecrackers, but also the ancient customs of the remaining rituals.

From the 24th to the 30th day of the Lunar New Year, people are busy shopping for goods and cleaning up inside and outside their homes to welcome the New Year. There are many kinds of traditional food for the festival, and there are good wishes: steam rice cakes on the 29th day of the Lunar New Year, rice cakes have sweet, have become, have meat, have vegetarian, eat rice cakes (high), the new year of life, work and prosperity, step by step.

New Year's Eve dinner, people like family reunion, the dishes must have "round son", "happy", to take its meaning of reunion, happy. On this night, thousands of people are at home to observe the New Year. During the vigil, the charcoal fire in the fire pit is burned red-hot to symbolize the prosperity of life year after year. When the zero hour arrives, young and old are filled with joy and welcome the New Year with the sound of firecrackers. The sound of the firecrackers, one after another, until late at night, people still do not sleep, the fire is still strong, is to go to rest, but also will not forget to nestle the fire pot fire, leaving kindling, and so on tomorrow morning to burn a good fire pot. New Year's fire is like human life, it is a good omen for the New Year's prosperity, family prosperity. People have such a deep affection for fire, perhaps because the fire has brought civilization to mankind, brought warmth. Love of fire is like love of one's own life, especially in the New Year.

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Chinese Minority Spring Festival Customs

China is a multi-ethnic country, in addition to the Han Chinese there are 55 ethnic minorities. Although they have different languages, scripts, lifestyles and customs, most of them celebrate the Spring Festival as a major festival of their own ethnicity.

VIII. Daur: year high

The Daur people in the north have the habit of paying tribute to the New Year, the Spring Festival, people dressed in festive attire, visit each house and congratulate each other. Each family is equipped with steamed cake, the New Year's visitors into the door, the host with steamed cake hospitality. "Cake" in Chinese and "high" resonance, to cake hospitality, said each other in the new year, the standard of living further improved. During the festival, the Daur people also held songs and dances, sports activities, has lasted half a month.

IX. Mongolia: meat and wine not exhausted

The Mongolian people in the north of the Spring Festival is another scene, before the festival, families are prepared for the year the growth of the ram and a variety of dairy products and a few altars of wine. On New Year's Eve, people put on their beautiful Mongolian robes and the whole family sits in the center of the yurt to welcome the new year. Midnight began to drink and eat, according to the usual to eat and drink, the more meat and wine left over the better, so that the symbol of the new year of meat and wine, eat and drink no worries. The first morning, dressed in a variety of clothing, men and women, straddling the steed, in groups of three to five run to the "Haut" (villages and towns), string of yurts one by one. String package, first to the elders to kowtow to wish, then the host's son-in-law came to string package guests toast, people sing and dance.

Ten. Zhuang: welcome heroes

The Zhuang, who live in southern China, call the Spring Festival "New Year's Day". On this day, people go out and congratulate each other no matter who they meet, believing that this is the only way to have good luck in a year. In the Zhuang folk there is also the habit of the late New Year, the Zhuang called "eat Li Festival". "Eat Li Festival" is on the 30th of this month, according to legend, more than 100 years ago, a Zhuang peasant army in the fight against foreign invaders returned in triumph, when the Spring Festival has passed, the Zhuang people in order to welcome them, on the 30th of this month for them to re-live the Spring Festival.

eleven. Buyei: the girl grabbed the first load of water

Buyei living in the southwest border of China, every year on New Year's Eve night, are all night to keep the New Year's Eve. At dawn, the girls compete to go outside the house to pick water, who picked back the first water, who is the most diligent girl. The Jingpo people there like to hold target shooting activities before the Spring Festival, and the girls are the organizers and referees of this activity. They hang embroidered purses on bamboo poles with threads and swing them from side to side in the tips of trees, asking young men to shoot. Whoever shoots down the purse first, the girls give the wine as a prize. The purse usually contains a coin, a few grains of grain and a few decorative beads as a symbol of happiness.

XII. Hani: Swinging

A few days before the Spring Festival, the villages inhabited by the Hani people are already bustling with women busy pounding poi. Ba Ba is a cake made of glutinous rice. And the young men are busy going up the mountain to cut bamboo and prepare to set up swings. The swings there are more than ten meters high, and the Hani people, young and old, love to swing. During the festival, everyone wears their favorite clothes to swing, everywhere presenting a lively, harmonious festival scene.

XIII. Dai: throw chaffing bag

Dai young men and women love to throw chaffing bag game, during the Spring Festival, young men and girls throw chaffing bag each other to see who throws accurately, to see who caught. Play to a certain time, the girls will quietly snatch the young man on the belt knife, head cloth or tethered horse, ran home. If the young man is in love, he will follow. Parents see their daughters with a head cloth, holding a horse back, they will host a banquet.

In addition, April 13 every year is the Dai New Year, but also the Dai people's grandest festival - Water Festival, they see the water as a symbol of exorcism, good luck and good fortune, but also regard this day as the most beautiful, most auspicious day.

xiv. Alpine tribe: "around the stove"

The Alpine tribe living in Taiwan Province of China, they are in the Spring Festival is a different kind of fun. On the evening of New Year's Eve, families sit around a round table with hot pots and have a meal, which is called a "hibachi". The women, who usually do not drink alcohol, will also take a symbolic sip of wine as a sign of good luck. "Vegetables are eaten without being cut with a knife, but are washed and boiled with their roots, as a sign of wishing long life to the parents. If someone in the family goes out, there should be an empty seat, put the person's clothes on the empty seat, indicating that the family misses him.

XV. Manchu: hanging the flag for the New Year

The Manchu are divided into "red, yellow, blue, white" four flags. Spring Festival, the red flag people in the door posted red hanging flag, yellow flag people in the door posted yellow hanging flag, blue flag people in the door posted blue hanging flag, white flag people in the door posted white hanging flag. These hanging flags have beautiful patterns and bright colors, symbolizing the auspicious beginning of the year.

During the festival, the boys ganged up on firecrackers, or ride a variety of homemade wooden plow, in the hillock, the ice whooshing speed. Young girls and young daughters-in-law wearing newly made flowery clothes, in groups of three or five, divided into families to play with Garaha (pig or cow's kneecap bone). From the first to the fifth night, people also voluntarily organized to twist rice-planting songs to pay homage to the New Year, a strong rice-planting team, not only in the village to twist, but also to the outside village to twist. Onlookers are often so happy that they forget about fatigue and cold. There are even enthusiastic spectators - straight along with the rice-planting team to go to the countryside, until the dawn of the return.

Sixteen. Bai: "put high up"

Yunnan Bai compatriots on New Year's Eve, there is a called "put high up" celebrations. The so-called "put high" is a whole large bamboo, in the bamboo joints loaded with gunpowder, after ignition can be the whole large bamboo collapse in the sky 100 feet, become a veritable "high". Some areas of the Bai compatriots and Miao, Zhuang, from the Spring Festival to the Lantern Festival, young men and women are "throwing the embroidered ball" activities. Where the catch can not catch the embroidered ball, to give each other souvenirs, many times lost the ball and redemption of souvenirs, that is, to accept each other's love.

XVII. Dong: Lusheng will

Dong compatriots in Guizhou, Hunan, during the Spring Festival, the prevalence of a kind of "playing the Dong New Year" (also known as the Lusheng will be) of mass activities. This activity is similar to the Han Chinese "reunion", but more joyful and enthusiastic than "reunion". This kind of activity is generally organized by two villages **** with the agreement. The two teams officially hold a Lusheng song and dance competition in the square. At this time, the audience of the two villages, accompanied by music, dance, and enjoy the joy.

XVIII. Yi: jumping tiger

In Yunnan Province, Shuangbai County, the Yi people have a New Year's Eve, "jumping tiger festival" special custom, the eighth day of the first month, the village of adult men set in the village behind the site of the land temple, kill the dog dedication "Mis" ("Mis" means "Mis"), "Mis" means "Mis", "Mis" means "Mis". "Mimi" means earth, "Division" means master, the fan Division that is the meaning of the Lord God of the earth), followed by the village "Bimo" sacrifices to the Lord God of the tiger. 8 villagers disguised as tigers dancing, "the tigers". The "tigers" have high ears, thick tails, tiger stripes all over their bodies, a Chinese character for "king" painted on their foreheads, and a big brass bell hanging on their necks, making them look majestic. After the "Bimo" reads out the rituals to invite the tiger god, the tiger king leads all the tigers into the village. Throughout the jumping tiger festival period, the village up and down men, women and children are immersed in the welcome tiger, send the tiger, watch the tiger jumping and drive away the evil spirits in a happy atmosphere, the local people are convinced that only through the annual tradition of jumping tiger, tiger god and pray for the blessing of the old ancestors, all the villagers in order to be fruitful and prosperous, more than one year more beautiful and happy.

XIX. Sani: food dumplings

New Year's Eve, the Sani language called "Si Rub period". New Year's Eve night for ancestors, eat New Year's dinner, is very solemn. In the afternoon, in front of the house inserted green tree branches, hanging a straw hat on the branch. This is a silent notice: Do not enter! No talking! Even the people in the house are not allowed to raise their voices.

There is an interesting phenomenon in the Sani language: "dumplings" and "New Year's" is the same word, called "Kaozima". Because the New Year must eat dumplings. For half a month from the first day of the first month of the lunar year, people have a lot of fun. On the first night of the first month, a bonfire party is held, with folk songs and a three-stringed hu solo, which is simple and lyrical. The thumping and thumping of the three strings is soaring and exciting that people sing and dance to the music.

The second day of the festival is dedicated to the God of the Mountain, and the fourth day of the festival is dedicated to sending fire stars to expel disasters and show the power of people.

Every year, the second day of the Spring Festival in the afternoon, the farmers to take the cow out, around the walled village center to walk around a few times, in its forehead to wear a red cloth tied flowers, expressed its contribution to the year's homage. Also feed it rice and fat pork, to express their close partner's condolences.

The Sani people from New Year's Eve to the fifth, there are activities to worship ancestors. From their veneration and remembrance of ancestors, one can find the cohesion of this nation and the good things in traditional morality.

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