Yesterday when off-duty ambulance sent a patient, is a 15-year-old boy, playing ball and classmates bumped suddenly fainted on the ground, call does not wake up. Sent to the hospital, after investigation has no respiratory heartbeat.
The family is grief-stricken very do not understand, why play a basketball and classmates bumped into a person is gone?
Carefully asked the child's medical history found that the child suffers from atlantoaxial instability this disease, the doctor once also recommended that he be prohibited from strenuous physical activity, but over time, the family, including his own began to neglect. This is not, in the school and classmates play blue ball, and ultimately led to a tragedy.
Atlantoaxial instability is not a common disease, due to the atlantoaxial spine, the cardinal vertebrae, is our body's first and second cervical vertebrae, also known as the upper cervical vertebrae, they are near the control of our body's respiratory center. Once a dislocation or fracture occurs here, it can be fatal. Originally, this place is not easy to serious injury, but this boy already have these two cervical instability, in the confrontational sports, the possibility of accidental injury is very high.
From this, I think as a sports medicine doctor, every day to write some sports injury science is important, but more importantly, to once again seriously emphasize that there are the following 20 kinds of diseases of the population must prohibit sports! Limit exercise! Health Related! The first is to make sure that you have a good understanding of how to use the Internet and how to use the Internet!
Before explaining, first clear a few concepts, the following are not listed:
Competitive sports: Competitive sports refers to the competition with others or have a confrontational nature of the sport, such as basketball, soccer, badminton, running, etc., or other activities within the nature of the game.
High-intensity sports sports: refers to the process of exercise on the oxygen consumption requirements of the project is very high, a simple way to determine the need to constantly adjust the breathing in the exercise, can not talk to someone else in the whole sentence of the intensity of the movement of the sport. For example, basketball, soccer, sprinting, full-speed swimming, badminton and so on.
Medium-intensity sports sports: refers to the process of exercise on the oxygen consumption of certain requirements of sports, simple judgment method is in the process of exercise need to adjust the breathing, and can communicate with others with simple phrases or sentences, but can not be a whole section of the smooth and others to carry on a sustained dialogue of the project. The first thing you need to do is to take a break from the game and try to get to the next level.
Low-intensity sports sports: refers to the process of exercise, the body does not need too much physical exertion, in the process of exercise, you can and other people to carry out a whole paragraph, the intensity of sustained dialogue sports, such as walking, tai chi, yoga, slow cycling, bowling, golf and so on
It should be emphasized that the intensity of the exercise is different from person to person, depending on the age of the different, depending on the different body base condition.
Patients with atlantoaxial instability:
It is forbidden to participate in any contact and confrontational sports. For example, basketball, soccer, wrestling, etc.
Prohibit participation in sports that require repeated flexion and extension of the cervical spine, such as badminton, volleyball and so on.
People with one eye can participate in sports, but they need to wear eye protection that meets the standards, otherwise, during sports, serious sports injuries can occur, falls, equipment injuries, object impact injuries, etc.
People with one eye can participate in sports, but they need to wear eye protection that meets the standards.
People with severe vision problems are advised to wear eyeglasses during sports.
Our blood pressure has two numbers, for example, hypertension is diagnosed as 140/90 mmHg, where 140 is called systolic and 90 is called diastolic. It is also often referred to by the public simply as high and low pressure.
If you have severe uncontrolled hypertension, such as low blood pressure above 115 mmHg . Then you cannot participate in competitive sports (those that involve competing, confronting, or fighting against others).
If your blood pressure is poorly controlled and you have other organ damage due to high blood pressure, such as hypertensive nephropathy, hypertensive fundopathy, or hypertensive heart failure, you cannot participate in competitive sports.
Patients with well-controlled hypertension can participate in sports, but avoid strenuous high-intensity sports such as basketball and soccer.
Patients with well-controlled hypertension but with renal impairment or left ventricular hypertrophy can only participate in low-intensity sports, such as walking, slow swimming, bicycling, golf, bowling, etc.
Patients with well-controlled hypertension but with renal impairment or left ventricular hypertrophy can only participate in low-intensity sports.
Mitral valve prolapse With moderate-to-severe mitral valve insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, and a family history of sudden death from related causes, only low-intensity sports should be practiced.
Those with a history of post-exercise syncope should perform only low-intensity exercise.
Those with exacerbation of chest pain or arrhythmia after exercise should only perform low-intensity exercise.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of sudden death in young athletes, so if you have hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, you are prohibited from participating in competitive sports, and you need to be evaluated by a cardiologist for the level of intensity at which you can exercise.
Patients with a history of coronary heart disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) should be advised not to engage in competitive and high-intensity sports without chest tightness or chest pain after exercise,
Patients with a history of heart failure should be advised to consult with their cardiologist after detailed evaluation. patients with a history of heart failure, the specific intensity of exercise should be discussed with your cardiologist after a detailed evaluation.
Patients with untreated inguinal hernias should stop exercising if exercise triggers a hernia attack and, if necessary, return to sport after surgery.
Patients with only one kidney should not participate in contact and impact sports.
Patients with an enlarged liver or spleen should consult their physician about the risk of injury to the liver and spleen in contact and impact sports if the liver and spleen are above the lower border of the costal arch and should be restricted from participation.
Patients with megasplenism are prohibited from participating in any strenuous sports as even minor injuries may result in the risk of spleen rupture.
Patients with post-exercise asthma should be actively treated before engaging in physical activity.
If you are experiencing breathlessness after exercise, you should refrain from exercising at that level of intensity and start at a lower level of intensity.
Women with amenorrhea due to exercise should stop exercising and seek treatment.
Although exercise does not need to be strictly limited during menstruation, over-exertion should be avoided as much as possible.
I sickle cell disease patients, can play sports, but should be careful not to exercise too much.
Patients with severe anemia, where hemoglobin is less than 60g/L, should avoid high-intensity and competitive sports.
People with well-controlled epilepsy can participate in sports, as long as the sport itself does not trigger seizures.
Patients with poorly controlled seizures should avoid high-intensity, contact, or competitive sports unless their neurologist has determined that they are neurologically stable.
Patients with a single testicle should avoid contact and impact sports. Unless the risks of the sport are clearly understood and protective equipment is available.
Patients with cerebral infarction or sequelae of cerebral hemorrhage should have their current neurological status evaluated in detail by a neurologist, sports medicine physician, or rehabilitation physician before engaging in sports of appropriate intensity. During exercise, falls should be avoided.
Regardless of the cause of the fever, it is best to avoid physical activity during the fever to facilitate recovery.
Patients with acute infectious diseases should not engage in group sports to avoid spreading the disease to others or worsening the condition.
Patients diagnosed with the common cold can participate in sports activities cautiously if they only have symptoms of the mouth, nose and throat, such as nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, hoarse throat and sore throat, but the intensity and amount of exercise should not be too large.
If symptoms below the head occur at the same time, such as generalized muscle pain, vomiting, joint pain, diarrhea, fatigue, etc., should not exercise.
Patients with infectious skin diseases such as herpes and impetigo should not participate in contact sports until they are no longer contagious, so as not to spread the disease to others.
People with HIV can participate in sports as long as they do not have serious comorbidities. There is no conclusive evidence that people with HIV are at risk of transmission during athletic contact, but the overall risk of transmission is low.
People with soft tissue injuries, such as muscle, ligament, or tendon injuries, should wait until the affected area has completely healed before engaging in sports, or should only engage in rehabilitation-oriented sports behaviors, which may result in prolonged or recurrent injuries.
Unless you have been instructed by a physician to do rehabilitation exercises, you should have a professional doctor determine that your fracture has healed and you are ready to resume exercise before resuming exercise.
Well, having said that, I hope you can make it clear whether you can do sports or what intensity of sports you can do. As the saying goes, life is in motion, but if you really suffer from a disease that is not suitable for exercise, then it is really, life is in stasis.
Reference:
1 The Hughston Clinic Sports Medicine Field Manual.
2 Uptodate: Overview of sudden cardiac death risk and sport participation.
3 Lars P,Per R. Sports Injuries:Prevention, Treatment and Rehabilitation.(Fourth Edition)
4 Clinical Orthopaedic Rehabilitation - Based on an Evidence-Based Medicine Approach (Third Edition)