1. Explore the theme by analyzing the characters in the novel.
2. Master the writing method of article comparison.
3. Understand the detailed description of the novel.
4. Grasp the role of argument in the novel.
Important and difficult
1, key points:
(1) Mining themes through character analysis.
⑵ Master the writing method of article contrast.
2. Difficulties:
(1) Understand the detailed description of the novel.
⑵ Grasp the role of argument in the novel.
Teaching time
Three classes.
teaching process
first kind
First, preview
1. Look it up in the dictionary and pay attention to the bold words below:
Sakaguchi (bǐ), bighead carp (bó gū), zygomatic bone (quán), original copy (shé)
Chan Chan (chán) is lonely (Lí ng d Ρ ng) and has no opinion (z Ρ su Ρ).
2. Consult the reference books and explain the following words:
Xiao Suo: Desolate and cold.
Family scene: the financial situation of the family. Also called family.
No reason: no reason; For no reason.
So: so; This way.
Despise: despise; Look down upon
Exhibition: Passing through many people's hands or passing through many places.
Indiscriminate: indulgence, cruelty.
Situation: situation, situation. This lesson refers to living conditions.
Loneliness: Loneliness and helplessness.
A surprised expression. Ash: surprised, become speechless.
Cold shock: The body trembles from cold or shock.
Relaxed and refreshing: describe relaxed and refreshing.
3. Read through the text and catch the story. Divide the text into paragraphs and summarize the meaning.
Second, import.
1, about the author:
This article is selected from Scream by Lu Xun (188 1 ~ 1936), formerly known as Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in China, and the founder of modern literature in China. The collection of novels includes Scream, Imitation of Fear, New Stories and so on.
2, the background of the times:
19 19 12 Lu Xun went back to his hometown Shaoxing to meet his mother and went to Beijing. He witnessed the people and things in his hometown who lost their spiritual vitality under the pressure of real social life. He was very sad and angry. 192 1 year, he wrote this novel based on his experience at home this time.
Third, regular classes.
1, read the full text quickly, segment and summarize the meaning:
Discussion and Summary: The full text is divided into three parts:
The first part (from the beginning to "moving to a different place where I look for food." ) Described the scene of my hometown Momo and the complex mood of "I" seeing my hometown, and explained the purpose of "I" returning to my hometown.
The second part (from "the next morning" to "it has been swept away") is about my experience and feelings when I returned to my hometown.
On the first floor (from "The Next Morning" to "I just can't afford it"), I wrote about the loneliness of the old house, which made me immersed in deep sadness. I also wrote a moving agreement with my mother.
On the second floor (from "you ask for a day or two off" to "I have to go and see"), I "recalled my friendship with the little boy.
On the third floor (from "Mom Stand Up" to "Go Out"), I met Yang Er, the compass.
On the fourth floor (from "since then, my family and relatives have visited me nearby" to "it has been swept away"), I wrote "I" and saw the middle-aged leap soil.
The third part (from "Our Ship Forward" to the end) writes that "I" left my hometown with deep disappointment and pain, but "I" was not depressed and pessimistic, but full of hope for the future and the next generation.
Step 2 ask questions:
What is written in paragraph 1 of the text?
Discuss and summarize:
Go back to your original hometown. The season when Great Cold was written back to hometown; "Two Thousand Li" writes "I" far from my hometown; I have written "I" for more than 20 years. What has my hometown become since I was separated from my hometown? Paragraph 1 describes my longing to return to my hometown.
Step 3 ask questions:
What scenery does the second paragraph describe and what role does it play?
Discuss and summarize:
The weather is gloomy, the cold wind is howling, the sky is yellow, and decadence is desolate. Write down the decadent and desolate rural scene, and set off the sad mood of "I".
Step 4 ask questions:
How to understand the meaning of the third paragraph What role does this paragraph play in the text?
Discuss and summarize:
There is only one sentence in the third paragraph, with an exclamation sentence "Ah!" Use another negative question. I write this because the scene of my hometown is beyond my expectation, which leads to doubts, but it is really my hometown. To deny doubts, reflect the complex thoughts and heavy feelings of "I" and pave the way for the following. It plays a connecting role in the structure of the article.
Step 5 ask questions:
How to understand "the hometown I remember is not like this at all." My hometown is much better. " ?
Discuss and summarize:
It shows that "I" still have good memories of my childhood hometown.
Step 6 ask questions:
How to understand "hometown is the same-although there is no progress, it may not be as sad as I feel"?
Discuss and summarize:
There is a great contrast between the scene in front of us and my hometown in my memory. I feel sad because of my doubts, so I have to comfort myself, but in fact I show an anxiety and anger.
7. ask questions:
What does the fifth paragraph say?
Discuss and summarize:
Explains the purpose of going back to my hometown this time.
Four. abstract
The novel takes the activity of "I" returning to my hometown as a clue, and according to the plot arrangement of "returning to my hometown"-"staying in my hometown"-"leaving my hometown", writes about my experience and feelings of returning to my hometown.
Verb (short for verb) homework
Optimal design of the first class assignment
First of all, pay attention to the bold words below.
Pretend () ankle () recklessness () accident ()
Laugh () gloomy () startled () cheekbones ()
Second, describe a scene in your hometown.
Second lesson
First, preview
Read the text and fill in the image comparison table of leap soil to see what has changed in the past 20 years. Why has it changed so much?
Changing appearance, movements, voice, attitude towards "me" and attitude towards life The boy is eleven or twelve years old, with a purple round face, a small felt hat, a silver collar around his neck and red and round hands. Lively and vigorous, crisp and neat, blurted out, simple and vivid; Wisdom, courage, enthusiasm and innocence. "Just not afraid of me", sent me shells and bird feathers, and told me many strange things. Friendly and enthusiastic about "I" and established a pure friendship with "I". Innocent and lively, carefree. Middle-aged Runtu has doubled in stature, his face is grayish yellow, his wrinkles are deep, his eyes are red and swollen, and he is wearing a worn felt hat and only a thin cotton-padded coat. He is carrying a paper bag and a long pipe, and his hands are thick, stupid and cracked, like pine bark. Speak haltingly, intermittently, humbly, vaguely, and appear dull and numb. Treat "I" respectfully and address "I" as the main person. There is a sad and thick barrier between "I". Sadness and pain made him breathless. He pinned his hopes for happiness on the gods.
Second, import.
Last class, we analyzed the plot of the novel, understood the outline of the article and analyzed the first part. In this lesson, we focus on the characters Runtu, my sister-in-law Yang Er and "I".
Third, regular classes.
1, ask questions:
Runtu is the protagonist of this novel, and the author describes his changes from different angles by contrast. Please read the text carefully, extract the key words and write down the table below.
Summary:
The novel successfully shaped the typical peasant image of Runtu. Young leap soil, innocent and lively, carefree, know a lot of production knowledge, is simply a little hero; Middle-aged leap soil, become sad, numb, dull, but kind and simple, hardworking and simple.
Step 2 ask questions:
Why has the leap soil changed so much?
Discuss and summarize:
"Many children, famine, exorbitant taxes, soldiers, bandits, officials and gentry all make him look like a puppet." Before and after the Revolution of 1911, the reality of rural bankruptcy and the miserable life of farmers, at the same time, due to the poisoning of feudal ideas and hierarchical concepts, the spiritual bondage of working people, and the indifference and estrangement between people, leap soil has undergone such great changes.
Step 3 ask questions:
Sister-in-law Yang Er is also a typical ordinary citizen image created by the author. By contrast, the author also describes the changes of sister-in-law Yang Er. Read the text carefully, find out the key words that describe Yang Er's sister-in-law's portrait, language, manners and actions, and analyze what kind of person Yang Er's sister-in-law has become.
Discuss and summarize:
Twenty years ago, Yang Er's sister-in-law was called "Tofu Beauty" because she sat all day. "Her cheekbones are not so high and her lips are not so thin." Because of Yi, the business of this tofu shop is very good. "This shows that Yang Er's sister-in-law is young and beautiful, and she is quiet.
Twenty years later, Yang Er, the eldest sister-in-law, said, "A 50-year-old woman with prominent cheekbones and thin lips stood in front of me, with her hands in her moustache, without a skirt, and her feet spread out, just like a thin-footed compass in a drawing instrument." The description shows that Yang Er's sister-in-law is old, ugly and thin. "Don't know? I hugged you too! " "Come on? This is really a pair of noble eyes ... "Language description shows that Yang Er is snobbish and sharp. "Quick one you have money, moving things is heavy, you want these rags, let me get it. Small families need it. " The language description shows Yang Er's greedy character. "Ah ah, you put the daotai, also said not rich? You have three concubines now; Going out is a big sedan chair, and you can't say it's wide. Fear, nothing can hide from me. " Once you can't get something, you start to spread rumors again. Showing Yang Er's sharp and snobbish character. "Ah ah, the more rich, the more unwilling to relax. The more you refuse to relax, the richer you will be … ". Showing Yang Er's sharp and snobbish character. "The compass turned angrily and walked out slowly while talking. By the way, I put my mother's gloves in my waistband and went out." Action description, can not get, scold stealing. Show Yang Er's selfishness, meanness and greed. "Since my family packed my bags, the tofu beauty Yang Er sister-in-law came every day. (Greedy) The day before yesterday, Yi took out a dozen plates in the ashes. After discussion, it was said that it was buried in the leap soil, and he could move home with him when transporting ash; Yang Er's sister-in-law found out about it, and felt very meritorious, so she took the dog away and killed it, and ran away like a fly. It's a pity that Iraq's high feet run so fast. " Yang Er's sister-in-law is selfish and greedy.
Abstract: Yang Er's sister-in-law is selfish, sharp, greedy and snobbish through the detailed description of image cutting, language, expression and action.
Step 4 ask questions:
Why has Yang Er changed so much?
Discussion and Summary: Because of the shabby and poor life in rural towns and the bad habits of ordinary citizens and Philistines, sister-in-law Yang Er has undergone such great changes.
Fourth, summary.
The two characters Runtu and Sister-in-law Yang Er created in the novel show their great changes in the past 20 years through the use of comparative techniques, indicating the bankruptcy of rural life, the poverty of farmers and ordinary citizens before and after the Revolution of 1911, and the spiritual poison of traditional concepts in feudal society. Cause people's pure humanity to be distorted. By portraying these two characters, the author truly expressed his dissatisfaction with the real society and his hope for a new life.
Verb (short for verb) homework
1. Finish exercises one, two and four after class.
2. Choose the best design of class assignments.
Optimal design of the second classroom assignment
Read the following text and answer the questions:
This is leap soil. I knew at a glance that it was leap soil, and it was not the leap soil in memory. His figures have doubled; The previous purple round face has turned gray-yellow, adding deep wrinkles; (A)[ Like his father, his eyes are swollen all around], I know that. People who farm by the sea blow the sea breeze all day, which is roughly the case. He wore a shabby felt hat on his head, only a thin cotton-padded coat, and he was covered with se su ǒ (); Holding a paper bag and a long pipe in his hand, (b) [That hand is not the red and round hand I remember, but thick, stupid and cracked, like pine bark. ]
I am very excited at this moment, but I don't know what to say. I just said, "ah! Brother Runtu, are you here? ……"
(3) He stopped with joy and desolation on his face; Moved his mouth, but said nothing. Finally, he shouted respectfully and clearly, "Sir! …"
(4) I seem to have a cold collar (); I know there is a deep barrier between us. I can't talk either.
1. The related word to be filled in the horizontal line above is ().
A, although … but b, since … then c, even if … also d, although … but.
2. From the rhetorical point of view, the underlined sentence should be ().
Sentences A and A are figurative sentences, while sentence B is not.
B, both sentences are figurative.
C sentence a is not a figurative sentence, and sentence b is a figurative sentence.
Neither of these sentences is a metaphor.
3. The word "this" in "I know this" means _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
4. "He stopped and his face showed joy and sadness." The happiness of leap soil is _ _ _ _ _ _ _; Desolate. It is _ _ _ _ _.
5. "Sir! ..... "Runtu called me" because _ _ _ _ _. The ellipsis sentence means ()
A, it means jumping to see your little friend too excited to speak.
B said Runtu was afraid that the "master" would not speak.
C, which means that Runtu is in pain and has nothing to say.
D, this means that other words that Runtu said have been omitted.
6. "I seem to have a cold shiver" explains what my psychology is. What I don't understand properly is ()
A, fear B, shock C, confusion D, surprise
7. "There is a sad thick barrier between us", and "thick barrier" means ()
A, the great changes in their appearance have formed a deep gap.
B, the separation of more than 20 years has caused a gap between the two.
C, the different experiences and circumstances of two people have caused a sad diaphragm.
D, the feudal hierarchy in society caused a sad gap between the two.
The third category
First, preview
Read the text, understand the changing process of "I" returning to my hometown, understand the image of "I" and understand the sentences discussed in the article.
Second, regular classes.
1, ask questions:
Find out the sentences that describe my mood in the article and try to outline the context of my mood changes.
Discuss and summarize:
(1) Going home-anxious (2) Seeing my hometown-sad (3) Thinking of my hometown-heavy, worried and angry (4) Thinking of my hometown-happy, envious and reluctant (5) Seeing Yang Er's sister-in-law-frightened and embarrassed (6) Seeing my hometown-excited and surprised.
Step 2 ask questions:
"I" is another important character in the novel. The "I" in the novel is not equal to the author, but a character created by the author. Think about who I am.
Discuss and summarize:
I left my hometown more than twenty years ago and lived a hard life. Back home, I saw the decline of my hometown, the poverty and misery of my hometown people, and the distortion of my hometown people's pure humanity. But I'm not disappointed. I'm looking forward to a beautiful hometown and I hope people in my hometown can live a new life. Therefore, "I" is not a depressed intellectual, but an image of a petty-bourgeois intellectual who sympathizes with and loves the working people and has a democratic and progressive ideological tendency.
Step 3 ask questions:
"The scenery in my hometown is gradually leaving me, but I don't feel a trace of nostalgia." Why?
Discuss and summarize:
Because my memory of my hometown is far from the reality of my hometown, my hometown didn't leave me a good impression.
Step 4 ask questions:
"I just feel that there is a high wall around me that divides me into loneliness and makes me very bored." What does "high wall" mean?
Discuss and summarize:
Refers to the cold gap between people caused by the poison of feudal ideas and hierarchical concepts.
Step 5 ask questions:
"They should have a new life. What kind of life do you mean by "new life", which we have never lived before?
Discuss and summarize:
A free, equal and happy life.
Step 6 ask questions:
"I thought of hope and suddenly I was afraid." Why are you "afraid"?
Discuss and summarize:
Because Lu Xun was still an evolutionist at that time, this new life of freedom, equality and happiness was my ideal, and I couldn't answer how to realize it, so I naturally dared not think about whether I could realize my hope.
7. ask questions:
Why do you say, "His desire is close, but mine is far away."
Discuss and summarize:
The desire to fly over the earth is just to live a happy life in front of me, so I say "near". My wish is that all people in the world live a free, equal and happy life. Whether my wish can be realized is still unknown, so I am far away.
8. ask questions:
What strange pictures of the seaside appear in the text?
Discuss and summarize:
The wonders of the seaside are my imagination and my longing for a better hope.
9. Ask questions:
"I hope this is it doesn't matter, it doesn't matter. This is like a road on the ground: in fact, there is no road on the ground, and more people walk, it becomes a road. " What is the meaning of this sentence?
Discuss and summarize:
The author compares hope to the road on the ground, and the ending is full of philosophy. It tells people that there is hope without struggle and pursuit, and there will be "no hope"; Strive and practice with hope, and hope is nothing. When people rush to the road of hope, they will usher in a new life.
Three. abstract
The novel takes the activity of "I" returning to my hometown as a clue, according to the plot arrangement of "going back to my hometown"-"staying in my hometown"-"leaving my hometown", based on what I saw, heard, remembered and felt, centering on characters such as Runtu and Sister-in-law Yang Er, thus reflecting the reality of rural bankruptcy and farmers' miserable life before and after the Revolution of 1911. At the same time, it is profoundly pointed out that due to the influence of traditional concepts in feudal society and the spiritual bondage of working people, the distortion of pure human nature and the indifference and separation between people have been caused. Really expressed the author's strong dissatisfaction with reality and hoped for a new life.
Fourth, homework
1. Finish Exercise 3 after class.
2. Choose the best design of class assignments.
Optimal design of the third classroom assignment
Read the following text and answer the questions:
I lay down, listened to the underwater sound at the bottom of the boat and knew I was going my own way. I think: I have been isolated to this extent by the leap soil, but our descendants are still angry. Isn't Honger short of water? I hope they don't like me anymore, and we are separated ... but I don't want them to live as my _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ They should have a new life, because we have never lived. The thought of hope scares me. I secretly laughed at him when he wanted a censer and a candlestick, thinking that he always worshipped idols and would never forget them. Now my so-called hope is not my own idol? It's just that his desire is close, and my desire is far away.
1. Fill in the appropriate words on the lines of the text.
2. How to understand these three kinds of life?
3. "They should have a new life" refers to the life of _ _ _ _.
4. "I think of hope" Why "suddenly afraid"?
5. The two idols in the second paragraph refer to _ _ _ and _ _ _ respectively.
6. In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the two "wishes" refer to _ _ _ and _ _ _ respectively.