In 1830, Hugo's play Eunanes was staged at the Grand Théatre de la Cour de France, which had a great impact and established the dominant position of Romanticism in the French literary world. Eunani" is written in the 16th century Spain, an aristocratic bandit Eunani rebelled against the king's story, Hugo praised the bandit's chivalry and nobility, showing a strong anti-feudal tendency. In July 1830, the "July Revolution" took place in France, and the feudal restoration dynasty was overthrown. Hugo enthusiastically praised the revolution, glorified the revolutionaries, and wrote poems to mourn the heroes who sacrificed their lives in the street battles. Notre Dame de Paris, published in 1831, is Hugo's most romantic novel. The plot of the novel is twisted, tense, vivid, unpredictable, dramatic and legendary. The story takes place in the Middle Ages. "On April Fool's Day, wandering gypsy artists performed songs and dances in the square, and a gypsy girl named Esmeralda attracted pedestrians, and she looked beautiful and danced very beautifully. At this time, Notre Dame of Paris, vice bishop Claude Frollo instantly on the beautiful Melada fascinated, he burned inside the fire of lust, crazy in love with her. So he ordered the church bell-ringer, the strangely ugly-looking Quasimodo, to snatch Esmeralda. As a result, Phoebus, the captain of the French king's arrows, saved Esmeralda and captured Quasimodo. He takes the bell-ringer to the square to be flogged, and the kind Gypsy girl brings water to Quasimodo to drink instead of forgetting her previous offense. This gesture moved the strange ugly man very much. For the first time, tears flowed from his dry eyes. Although the bell-ringer was ugly on the outside, he was pure and noble on the inside. He was very grateful to Esmeralda and repaid her later in the development of the story. Innocent Esmeralda fell in love with Phobos at first sight, and when the two were on a date, Frollo quietly followed behind, and out of jealousy, he stabbed Phobos with a knife and fled. Esmeralda was accused of being a "witch" and a "murderer" by the long-hated Church, and was sentenced to death. Quasimodo snatched Esmeralda from the gallows and hid her in Notre Dame. The poet Gamboa lures the mass of beggars who saved Esmeralda into a great battle with Quasimodo, and when Frollo finds Esmeralda, he in fact renews his love for her, and, after being refused, hands her over to the king's army, and Esmeralda is sent to the gallows. Desperate at the loss of Esmeralda, Quasimodo, in his infinite rage, pushes the vicar-general off the top of a high building and falls alive. He himself embraces Esmeralda's body until it is weathered. Victor Hugo
The novel shows Hugo's strong hatred for the feudal government and the church, but also reflects his deep sympathy for the lower class people. In fact, from the whole text, compared with the captain of the guard who plays with Esmeralda's feelings and the ungrateful poet, the love of vice bishop Claude Frollo for Esmeralda, who has always appeared as the biggest villain, is real, only because of his position he can't express himself, and finally went to the extremes of the pain, which is a strong critique of the author's "asceticism" for the feudalism of the Middle Ages. This is also the author's strong criticism of the medieval feudal rite of "abstinence". After the "July Revolution", France established the "July Dynasty" ruled by the big bourgeoisie led by the financier Louis Philippe. The July Dynasty kept soliciting Hugo, who was elected to the French House of Bachelor in 1841, and in 1845, Louis Philippe made him the Secretary of the Nobility of France and a member of the House of Peers. Hugo's passion for struggle in his writing waned, and in 1843 he wrote a mystical play, The Garrison Officer, which was a failure when staged and applauded by the audience. Hugo was silent about this and did not write for almost 10 years. In June 1848, the people of Paris held a revolution, overthrew the July dynasty, and established the **** and State. At first Hugo did not understand the revolution, but when the big bourgeoisie plotted to destroy the **** and the State, Hugo became a staunch **** andist.In December 1851, Louis Bonaparte staged a coup d'état, and Hugo took part in the anti-coup uprising organized by the **** andists. Louis Bonaparte came to power and established the Second French Empire. He practiced a policy of terror and ruthlessly suppressed the rebels. Hugo was also persecuted and had to go into exile. During the period of exile, Hugo persisted in his struggle against Napoleon III. He wrote political satirical pamphlets and political satirical poems, and fiercely attacked the dictatorial rule of Napoleon III. During this period, he published the long novels Les Miserables, Laborers at Sea, and The Laughing Man. Les Miserables is Hugo's masterpiece. The plot of the novel is roughly like this: Jean Valjean, a poor laborer of peasant origin, once saw his sister's children crying with hunger, so he went to steal bread, but unfortunately he was caught and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. He escaped from prison several times, and when he was caught, he was sentenced to an additional ****14 years in prison, resulting in 19 years in prison for a loaf of bread. After his release from prison, Jean Valjean was looked down upon everywhere, had no job, no food, and vowed to take revenge on society. At this time, a bishop named Bien Fouillou touched him, and he resolved to do good deeds and be a good man. He assumed the name of Madeleine and set up a factory in a city and became a rich man. He provided employment for the poor, fed them, gave them houses, and he was so helpful in every way that he was elected mayor by the citizens. At this time, there came to the city a girl named Fantine, who was originally a girl from the countryside, came to the city to work as a laborer, and was lured into giving birth to a daughter. She fostered her daughter Cosette in the home of an innkeeper, who was a villain and took advantage of the opportunity to blackmail her. Fantine was forced to sell her beautiful hair, her beautiful teeth, and sold herself as a prostitute, and finally became so poor that she was sick and dying; Jean Valjean heard of this and went to take care of her at once, promising to bring up her daughter Cosette after her death. At this time, the police Javert is hunting for Valjean, a hard laborer who has been missing for many years, in the city of Madeleine, he captures a poor worker, believing him to be Valjean, and prepares to send him to prison, in order to save this innocent worker, Valjean steps forward and voluntarily admits his identity. He falls back into the hands of the police and on his way to prison, he manages to escape. Valjean immediately finds Cosette and takes her to hide in a secluded convent. As the years pass, Cosette grows into a beautiful young woman and falls in love with Marius, a **** and party man. 1832 sees the outbreak of a **** and party-led uprising in Paris, which is put down by the bloody July dynasty, and when Marius is seriously wounded, Valjean risks his life to rescue him through the sewers. At this point, Javert blends into the ranks of the insurgents to reconnoiter, is captured and sentenced to death, and it is up to Valjean to carry out the order to shoot Javert, but Valjean sets Javert free. Javert, ashamed before Valjean's noble character, throws himself into the river. Cosette and Marius marry and the young people are very happy. Valjean lives a lonely life alone, and finally he dies in Cosette's arms. Les Misérables exposes the sharp contradictions and the disparity between the rich and the poor in the capitalist society, depicts the painful fate of the lower class people, and puts forward the three urgent problems of the society at that time: "Poverty makes the men downtrodden, hunger corrupts the women, and darkness weakens the children", and violently criticizes the hypocrisy of the bourgeois laws. It comprehensively reflects the social and political life of France in the first half of the 19th century. Therefore, the novel was welcomed by people all over the world. In the 20th century, it was adapted into movies many times, which also attracted countless audiences. The Franco-Prussian War broke out in 1870, and after the defeat of France at Sedan, the Prussian army pushed straight to Paris. At this critical moment of national crisis, Victor Hugo returned to his country after 19 years of exile. He gave speeches everywhere, calling on the French people to rise up against the German invaders and defend their motherland. He also used the money he got from his writings and recitation of poems to buy two cannons, showing his noble patriotic spirit. When the Paris Commune rose, Hugo did not understand the revolution. But when the Commune failed, the reactionary government frantically suppressed the members of the Commune, Hugo and angrily condemned the reactionaries of the beast, he called for amnesty for all the members of the Commune, and announced in the newspaper that his own home in the Belgian capital, Brussels, for the members of the exile as a refuge. In response, his home was attacked by a reactionary mob, and he himself narrowly escaped death, but he still stood his ground.