Intangible cultural heritage refers to the practices, performances, expressions, knowledge systems and skills, as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith, that are recognized as part of the cultural heritage of groups, communities and, in some cases, individuals. So how to strengthen the safeguarding and transmission of intangible cultural heritage? Let's come together to find out.
How to strengthen the protection of intangible cultural heritage inheritance of the basic knowledge
First, in-depth excavation of the cultural heritage is the premise of the protection and inheritance
China's intangible cultural heritage, not only have a thousand forms of folk art, the hand-to-hand hand hand-to-hand hand hand. However, as most of the intangible cultural heritage comes from folklore and has a long history, with the rapid development of the economy and society, the survival environment of the intangible cultural heritage is facing unprecedented challenges, and some precious intangible cultural heritage is facing endangerment and extinction, and a large number of precious physical objects and materials of the intangible cultural heritage have been destroyed and discarded. For this reason, it is necessary to excavate, organize and protect the intangible cultural heritage protection projects. Firstly, personnel should be organized to conduct a census of local intangible cultural heritage with historical, cultural and scientific value, to fully understand the history, survival, distribution area, inheritors, relevant places, physical materials, related folk activities and protection of local intangible cultural heritage; secondly, local writers and artists familiar with vernacular culture should be organized to dig y into the cultural connotation of intangible cultural heritage. Only a good census of intangible cultural heritage, in-depth excavation of intangible cultural heritage connotation, protection and inheritance of the foundation.
Second, seriously carry out heritage research is the key to protection and inheritance
Strengthen the research of intangible cultural heritage projects, the protection of intangible cultural heritage plays an important role in guiding the further inheritance and carry forward the intangible cultural heritage is of great significance. At present, China's intangible cultural heritage research is relatively immature, has not yet established a relatively scientific research system. To address the reality that ICH is interdisciplinary, cross-field and cross-cultural, the research should break down the disciplinary barriers, strengthen the exchanges and dialogues between different disciplines, diversify and integrate with each other, so as to provide more and more scientific methods for the protection of ICH. Through the establishment of national and local expert committees for the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage, we should actively absorb experts from all walks of life and all aspects of society to participate in the research work, and we can also set up research bases and organize representative bearers of intangible cultural heritage and folk artists to carry out in-depth research and improve the quality of research. For high-quality research results, the government should give the necessary support for research, awards, honorary titles, in order to promote the intangible cultural heritage research to achieve greater results for the scientific protection of the work of decision-making reference and intellectual support.
Third, the active popularization of heritage knowledge is the basis of protection and inheritance
Publicity is an effective form of protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage, which is conducive to attracting the attention of all sectors of society to the intangible cultural heritage and enhance the degree of importance. China's intangible cultural heritage is rich and colorful, many types or the world's unique, only a wide range of in-depth publicity, in order to popularize the public's knowledge of heritage. Through radio and television, newspapers, magazines, the Internet and other mass media, to publicize the protection of intangible cultural heritage; also through the organization of intangible cultural heritage exhibitions, forums, lectures and other activities, to promote the dissemination of intangible cultural heritage, to expand the influence of the community, and to create a good atmosphere for the protection of intangible cultural heritage. To make full use of the role of museums, cultural centers and other display platforms, to do a good job of intangible cultural heritage projects and inheritors of the physical display, on-site production, performances, intangible cultural heritage projects inheritors of the life experience and inheritance of the experience of the work of the intangible cultural heritage projects, intangible cultural heritage projects of the historical origins of cultural connotations and artistic value of exhibitions and interactive experience, to better promote the inheritance of intangible cultural heritage and development.
Fourth, the establishment of a sound safeguard mechanism is the protection and inheritance of the landing point
The establishment of a sound intangible cultural heritage protection system is an important safeguard for the inheritance and development of intangible cultural heritage. China's vast territory, a large number of nationalities, intangible cultural heritage has a strong regional characteristics, in view of this situation, the local government in addition to do a good job of intangible cultural heritage of local legislation, but also to establish and improve the three mechanisms: First, we must build a perfect heir to the protection of the mechanism. Intangible cultural heritage inheritors is an important part of the continuation of folk culture, the government authorities should establish and improve the corresponding legal system for the protection of intangible cultural heritage inheritors, enhance the protection of inheritors, improve the protection system; Secondly, we should build a perfect mechanism for the identification of inheritors. To scientifically set up the identification criteria, to put? engaged in the collection, organization and research of intangible cultural heritage data? are also included, enhance the support of the inheritor, and set up the inheritor reward and incentive mechanism, the inheritor to carry out inheritance activities for the level of assessment, to mobilize the inheritor to protect and inherit the intangible cultural heritage of conscientiousness and enthusiasm. Thirdly, it is necessary to build a perfect heritage declaration mechanism. The implementation of the graded progressive declaration of intangible cultural heritage to ensure that all regions, ethnic groups and cultures in China in the declaration and protection of intangible cultural heritage, to achieve order and compatibility, to ensure that all forms of intangible cultural heritage can be reasonably protected, and shine.
Cultural centers and the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage
I. Definition of intangible cultural heritage
According to the definition of UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage: Intangible cultural heritage (intangible cultural heritage) refers to the cultural heritage that has been safeguarded by groups, communities and sometimes individuals. Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) refers to the practices, performances, expressions, knowledge systems and skills, as well as the instruments, objects, artifacts and cultural spaces associated therewith, that are recognized as part of the cultural heritage of communities, groups and, in some cases, individuals. The scope of intangible cultural heritage includes: oral traditions, as well as language as a vehicle of culture; traditional performing arts (including opera, music, dance, song and acrobatics, etc.); folklore activities, rituals and festivals; traditional knowledge and practices of folklore relating to the natural world and the universe; traditional craftsmanship skills; and cultural spaces associated with the abovementioned expressions.
Intangible cultural heritage is a people-oriented living cultural heritage, which emphasizes human-centered skills, experiences, and spirituality, and is characterized by living flux. In other words, intangible cultural heritage refers to all kinds of traditional cultural expressions that exist in intangible form, which are closely related to the life of the masses and have been inherited from generation to generation.
Second, the role of cultural centers in the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage
(1) Resource census
The census of intangible cultural heritage resources in the region is the basic work for the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage. The census requires the close cooperation of relevant departments and a large number of staff related to intangible cultural heritage to make a comprehensive survey on the current situation of intangible cultural heritage resources in the region within a limited time. 2009 is an important year for the census of intangible cultural heritage resources in Liaoning Province, taking Benxi as an example, which is now under the jurisdiction of the Pingshan District, the Mingshan District, the Xihu District, the Nannfen District, the Economic Development Zone, and the two Manchu autonomous counties of Benxi and Huaren. Autonomous County, with a total area of 8411.3 square kilometers, *** there are 25 street offices (including two counties each one), 40 townships, 229 communities, 259 administrative villages, the city has 26 nationalities such as Han, Manchu, Hui, North Korea, Mongolia, etc., with a population of 1.7 million. Benxi's large population, widely distributed, due to the special geographic location of Benxi City, to carry out intangible cultural heritage census is not an easy task, in addition to the county and district cultural centers, stations are short of personnel, the census carried out a certain degree of difficulty, but the counties and districts of the cultural sector to overcome all the difficulties, the leadership of the competent departments of the unified deployment of the streets, into the villages and towns, **** registration of various types of intangible cultural heritage resources 864, after further screening, *** there are 68 listed as key resources reported to the national database of intangible cultural heritage, to carry out the declaration of intangible cultural heritage projects to lay a favorable foundation for follow-up work.
(2) Collecting and organizing
Collecting and organizing information is a relatively long process in the process of declaring intangible cultural heritage items, which requires the staff to collect textual information, picture information and other relevant materials related to the declared items from libraries, museums and inheritors. The cultural center itself has preserved a large amount of targeted historical and cultural information, as early as in the ? Seventy-five? During the period, cultural workers in Benxi City went deep into counties, districts, villages and towns, and carried out salvage collection and organization of ethnic folk arts in Benxi, and only ethnic folk dances had 6 items included in the book "Integration of Chinese Ethnic and Folk Dances", which provided a convenient condition for carrying out the work of declaring intangible cultural heritages. Since the protection of intangible cultural heritage, the staff of Benxi City Museum of Mass Art has gone deep into the townships and visited the inheritors, and all of them have retained a lot of valuable image data. Benxi City Mass Art Museum has about 500G of video materials of intangible cultural heritage, about 50G of photo materials and about 200 CD-ROMs. In addition, Benxi City Mass Art Museum is the main position to carry out mass culture, with a broad mass base, which also has a great role in the process of intangible cultural heritage declaration of the collection and organization of information.
(3) Pre-declaration
The declaration work is the key work in the protection of intangible cultural heritage, and the value of an intangible cultural heritage resource mainly relies on the declaration work. The declaration of intangible cultural heritage projects is composed of text data, picture data and video data, the intangible cultural heritage projects in the form of text to express this is not a difficult task for the cultural centers, cultural centers have a research department, has engaged in the text of professional staff, able to declare the project text data for professional expression. In the digitalization of today's cultural centers are basically equipped with photography, video equipment, and professional staff to operate, these conditions for the declaration of intangible cultural heritage to provide a convenient, but only in the cultural center of these conditions can be integrated into the existence of a greater role.
(4) follow-up protection
After the successful declaration of intangible cultural heritage projects, the protection of intangible cultural heritage projects has become the main work of the cultural center. The Benxi City Mass Art Museum builds a file on the intangible cultural heritage projects, uses limited funds to collect physical objects from the inheritors, makes display cabinets, visits the inheritors regularly to understand the recent situation, issues living subsidies for the inheritors, and encourages and helps the inheritors to set up inheritance bases. In the annual large-scale activities, festivals and celebrations, the Benxi City Mass Art Museum will Benxi City intangible cultural heritage projects in the form of exhibition boards for display, and invite the project inheritors to perform on-site, the implementation of these activities so that these endangered intangible cultural heritage projects can be integrated into the modern society, in the social environment has undergone great changes today still be able to continue to survive and move forward.
Third, the cultural center in the inheritance and protection of intangible cultural heritage has what advantages
(1) talent advantage
The cultural center is the state specifically set up public welfare cultural institutions, is to carry out training and counseling, publicity and education, theoretical seminars, as well as the collection of intangible cultural heritage, collation, declaration, protection and other activities of the front line. Cultural centers generally gather all kinds of artistic talents such as music, dance, drama, opera, fine arts, calligraphy, photography, group literature theory, etc., and can be said to be the gathering place of cultural talents in each city. Most of these professionals graduated from professional colleges or have made great achievements in a certain professional field. They are often involved in grassroots mass cultural counseling work and have a deep mass base. They have strong professionalism in the intangible cultural heritage census and data collection stage, which helps the intangible cultural heritage work. Taking the Liaoning provincial intangible cultural heritage project "Benxi Drum Music" as an example, the music scores of Benxi Drum Music passed down in the early days were the Gongscale scores, and few people could read and understand the way of recording the music in the early days, so the staff of the Benxi Mass Art Museum who were engaged in the music profession were engaged in the process of excavation and declaration of the project, visiting the inheritors, discussing the music scores with them and translating the scores into simplified scores, which made them a good match for libraries, museums and other cultural institutions. This kind of strong professionalism and counterparts, libraries, museums and other cultural institutions can not be compared.
After the successful declaration of the intangible cultural heritage project, in the latter part of the inheritance and protection process of the cultural center of the professionals also occupy an extremely important position, the development, cultivation and guidance of the inheritors is a long-term and arduous task. Take the Liaoning provincial project "traditional woodblock prints" as an example, in 2007, the traditional woodblock prints of Huanren in Benxi was declared as a municipal intangible cultural heritage project, in order not to let this traditional folk art skill be lost, for many years, the staff of the Benxi Mass Museum of Art engaged in the art of professional staff to set up a printmaking training base in the Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, uninterruptedly and regularly on the local farmers to conduct guidance and training in printmaking, the Huanren Woodblock prints on behalf of the Benxi many times to participate in national, provincial and municipal exhibitions, while enhancing its visibility, for Huanren farmers opened up the road to prosperity.
Professionals in the intangible cultural heritage declaration, inheritance, protection process occupies an important position, and only the cultural center has a variety of professionals, is the responsibility of the cultural center is also the cultural center's strengths, so it seems that the cultural center is the most appropriate declaration, protection, inheritance of intangible cultural heritage position.
(2) Advantage of publicity
The cultural center itself has the duty of publicity and education, and the most important thing is that the cultural center can publicize the intangible cultural heritage through various aspects and angles, and the publicity methods are diversified, the publicity angle is varied, so that the inheritance and protection of the intangible cultural heritage does not only stay at a specific level, and the scope of the propaganda of intangible cultural heritage is broadened, which greatly enhances the people's understanding of the intangible cultural heritage, and the public's understanding of the intangible cultural heritage. It has broadened the scope of intangible cultural heritage publicity and greatly enhanced the public's awareness of the protection of intangible cultural heritage. The second Saturday of June every year is designated as National Cultural Heritage Day. Cultural Heritage Day The second Saturday of June every year is designated as National Cultural Heritage Day. The second Saturday of June is designated as the National Cultural Heritage Day. During the day, all provinces and cities publicize their intangible cultural heritage projects, and the Benxi Mass Art Museum is no exception, as this is a day when intangible cultural heritage receives a lot of attention. Benxi City has 5 national intangible cultural heritage projects, 11 provincial intangible cultural heritage projects, 14 municipal intangible cultural heritage projects, Benxi City Mass Art Museum will be 30 projects in the form of graphic panels, in the ? Cultural Heritage Day This day for the exhibition, while using the exhibition site favorable conditions, through the LED color display screen will be national, provincial project information film cycle, and invited a number of project inheritors to the activities of the project show, in addition to the Benxi City Mass Museum of Fine Arts using the internal publication "Benxi Mass Culture" to add the "intangible cultural heritage special issue" of the city's intangible cultural heritage projects are introduced, not only to the outside city, the cultural halls and stations to show the city's intangible cultural heritage projects. The cultural center, station to show Benxi City intangible cultural heritage protection achievements, but also to the city's citizens play a strong role in publicity, to promote the smooth progress of the protection work.
The use of modern scientific and technological means to carry out intangible cultural heritage publicity work. 2008 December, ? Benxi City Mass Art Museum? The website was formally opened, specializing in the protection of intangible cultural heritage. The non-legacy protection? column, including the Benxi intangible cultural heritage protection project related information, and set up a non-heritage forum to communicate with readers, timely update the Benxi intangible cultural heritage protection work information, so that the general public can easily search for Benxi's non-heritage resources, so as to promote the non-heritage publicity efforts in Benxi.
Since 2014, the Benxi City Mass Art Museum has carried out many activities of intangible cultural heritage in schools, which has caused a good response. 2015 Liaoning Provincial Department of Culture will ? Intangible cultural heritage into the campus, into the community? Listed as a key livelihood project in Liaoning Province, from the beginning of 2015 to the present Benxi City Mass Museum of Art to carry out intangible cultural heritage into the campus activities more than 12 times, into the community 8 times the public leisure plaza 2 times, the reserve forces 1 time, the popularization of the masses amounted to more than 6,000 people, the real knowledge of intangible cultural heritage into the campus, into the community, into the people.