The American Middle Class

A comprehensive report on the American middle class

Yesterday Once More, Say You Say Me, I Just Called To Say I Love You, etc. are their heartfelt voices and the songs of all people; The Graduate, American Beauty, Desperate Housewives, etc. are their images and the stories of their popular states; The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, National Geographic, etc. are their readings and the models of international influence; Windows, Google, and Word are their tools and also the models of international influence; Windows, Google, and Word are their tools and also the models of international influence. The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, National Geographic, etc. are their reading materials, or models of international influence; Windows, Google, Word are their tools, and at the same time, the world's popular way of working; even their food and beverage, such as McDonald's, Coca-Cola, Starbucks, etc., has become a worldwide fashionable life. A class formed on the basis of the Mayflower Convention of 1620 is not only the main body of their country, but also the most influential people in the world, why?

Properties past

Originally, Virginia Americans in the Colonial Period were granted 300 acres of land per person (180 acres for blacks). In this regard, the historian Tang Degang said: "The Yankees were born into the middle class." The 19th century poet Whitman said, "The middle class is the most valuable class in any community."

From Freedom

In more detail, they were a product of the times of the historic change in America's 19th-century free economy. This historic change transformed rural and urban life, reforming old modes of production while alienating the middle class from the old world. As Max Weber pointed out, in rural Europe the producer preceded the market. There, peasants occupied the land and tied themselves to it according to ancient traditions, and even the force of law could not turn them into rural entrepreneurs in the American sense. In the United States, on the other hand, markets preceded the formation of rural producers. The middle class arose before the cities were formed and outside the cities. The clustered group of peasants laboring on small plots of land and the diaspora of independent, free, scale-operating farmers is one of the most fundamental and historical divergences between the social structures of Europe and the United States. This divergence is important for understanding the character of the American middle class. In Europe, the middle class formed in town centers, whereas in the United States, free farmers dispersed in empty rural spaces made up a huge number of independent old middle classes-who were never peasants and aristocrats in the European sense.

American farmers were free from the burden of history and the shackles of tradition. Their way of life was absolutely individualistic. Since they had no European-style feudal ties, they were the social group most enthusiastic about advancing the capitalist mode of production and way of life. At the beginning of the 19th century, in American towns and cities, about 4/5 of those engaged in professional activities were private small business owners. They engaged in a variety of economic activities: commerce, lending, speculation, transportation, home building, and manual labor. Between the two poles of society-such as the successful wealthy merchants of Boston manufacturing companies and the hired hands who sold their labor on the docks, factory floors, and carriage houses-there existed a large group of small craftsmen and small merchants who made a living at the seams, who created a larger market for the farmer and expanded their own markets in the rural areas, and who prospered as a result, serving as a breeding ground for the development of the old American middle class. develop, and in them were placed the ideals and aspirations of the old middle class. They formed a self-balancing middle-class capitalist society. At the center of this society, there is no authority, and the members of the society are fully focused on developing a series of regulations and systems to protect property.

The Metamorphosis of Loss of Security

By the late 19th century, the United States had developed into a major industrial power and a major exporter of agricultural products (the country's population almost tripled, agricultural production doubled, and the gross manufacturing product increased by a factor of six from 1869 to 1899), and U.S. society gradually grew into an urban-industrial society characterized by mass production and high consumption. These data show that:The majority of small business owners in the United States had lost their assets by the mid-20th century and turned to work for the people who made up only 2 or 3 percent of the population and owned 40 or 50 percent of the United States. Out of these people arose the (new) middle class, the white-collar class that lived paycheck to paycheck and provided services with knowledge and technology. America became an employee state. For most people, possession of assets was no longer possible; in the labor market, they were recognized not for their possession of assets, but for their income, power, and prestige.

The concentration of assets deprived the old middle class of the basis of their individual freedom, of the means by which they were able to stand on their own feet, and this changed their life plan and psychology. The mechanism of industrialization created the many white-collar occupations on which the new middle class depended. The post-World War II economic boom in the United States (the nation's gross national product doubled from 1945 to 1960) led to a rapid expansion of the ranks of the white-collar class. As Daniel Bell puts it in his introduction to The Coming of the Post-Industrial Society, "The growth of a service economy that focused on office work, education, and managerial work naturally shifted the labor force toward white-collar occupations. By 1956, for the first time in the history of industrial civilization, the number of white-collar workers in the occupational structure of the United States exceeded the number of blue-collar workers. Since then, the ratio has been steadily expanding, and by 1970, the ratio of white-collar workers to blue-collar workers exceeded 5:4. The white-collar class, which evolved into the middle class, no longer manipulates "assets" or "things" but "things". The white-collar class, which has evolved into the middle class, no longer manipulates "assets" or "things" but "people" and "symbols". They specialize in paperwork, money and people, and are experts in interpersonal, commercial and technological relationships. They live not by "things" but by "intelligence", by the social apparatus that organizes and coordinates the people who make them. Most of the new middle class earns its benefits by selling services in the labor market rather than by buying and selling assets, and derives its direct income from occupations rather than from assets. So the new middle class are people who work for other people's assets. This is the main point of divergence between the new and the old middle class, and the main difference between the petty-bourgeois entrepreneurial society and the industrial and post-industrial society with its new occupational structure. If the old middle class struggled all their lives as small freeholders to become part of the big asset structure, the new middle class has been dependent on the big assets from the very beginning for occupational security.

Extravagance and simplicity go hand in hand

As a social group, they pose no threat to anyone; as individuals in society, they practice independent lifestyles; but as a social being, they have changed the social structure of the United States, its values, and its social psyche, and have influenced its culture.

They and the more affluent woke up from their old-school lives and started reading Peanuts and Playboy, Elvis Presley made his first album in 1954, Disneyland opened in 1955, along with McDonald's, and the world moved forward in their footsteps with the introduction of the first Barbie doll in 1959. The world moved on in their footsteps.

By Ronald Reagan's tenure, he had made them proud, made America richer, and brought about the complete dissolution of the other pole of the world. So the hippies were soon history and the yuppies arrived in droves. Howard Schultz's Starbucks became their hangout. They dressed meticulously and talked about Cézanne and Van Gogh on the way to Starbucks; they favored designer labels and marble, covered their living room sofas with silk, and hung reproductions of high art all over their homes. They revere the unofficial French cultural power of society, and they prove their existence and value through their elegant and beautiful appearance - they continue the old middle-class meticulousness, elegance, decency, modesty, richness, luxury, high-pressure, magnificence, honor, extravagance, and so on; at the same time, they also prefer to manifest the authenticity of different temperament and spirit, Natural, warm, simple, easy, honest, comfortable, handcrafted, unique, sensual and sincere. 1990's information age has made the American economy stronger, and moreover made this world's 10 years become America's 10 years, and also made them the object of imitation for people living outside the United States.

The Birthmark of a Class

When comparing the same classes in Europe and Japan, the American middle class is the most distinctive: whether it is their reading habits, their behavior, or their housing requirements, they seem to be able to be "conceptualized" - which allows the world to understand them better. They are not the spendthrifts of life, but in their own history, with a pure attitude and positive spirit, have made the United States gradually become a "dream" country.

Hollywood

What would America be without Hollywood?

From Gone with the Wind to American Beauty, from The Graduate to Rain Man, from Forrest Gump to A Beautiful Mind, it is Hollywood that reminds the world of American culture - it is the world's largest movie production base, and a faithful chronicler of the American middle class, and an exporter of the American spirit - and to this day! To this day, the eight major studios of Disney, Warner Brothers, Paramount, 20th Century Fox, Universal, Columbia, MGM, and DreamWorks not only dominate the release and distribution of films around the world, but also with the financial giants of Wall Street. They are also closely linked to the financial giants of Wall Street, constantly marketing the classic women of the middle class such as Audrey Hepburn, Faye Wynn, Elizabeth Taylor, Julia Roberts and a whole host of other women, along with the iconic men of Vanity Fair, such as Marlon Brando, Sean Connery, Pike, Nicolas Cage, and everything that goes with them: relationships, divorces, homes, make-up, pets and mannerisms. They have even become a global public **** topic, for which they are chattered about in social settings. As a result, the image of the American middle class has penetrated the hearts and minds of the world, with their romantic proposals, their wit at friends' parties, their bravery, their kindness, and all of them ending with classic Hollywood-style or sad or comedy-filled happy endings.

Puritan, **** and party leader William Hayes turned the movie into a device, a tool used to celebrate the American middle-class lifestyle and its achievements. According to Hayes, the movie became the traveling merchant, "the merchandise follows the film, and wherever the American film penetrates, we are sure to be able to sell more American goods." In a sense, the history of Hollywood is undoubtedly "the history of the American middle class spirit".

The New Yorker

Harold Ross first saw New York in 1913, when he was 21 and working as a newspaperman. He was a big-boned Westerner with droopy lips, a rough demeanor, and plain looks. Ross made no impression on the metropolis of New York until five years later, when he arrived as editor-in-chief and the metropolis finally took him in.

Ross's ambition was to chronicle the cultural history of a great city, her Broadway, her jazz, her intellectual access. His penchant for humor arrived at once at the essence of this urban middle class, and he gathered a group of humorous writers and cartoonists under his banner. He wanted to create a city culture through humor and art. He said to his employees: "Don't quit! This is not a magazine, this is a movement!" Indeed, the humor and wit became a movement, and The New Yorker nurtured generations of enterprising middle-class intellectuals-a circle more stable than in many countries, with 70 percent of its subscribers having subscribed for more than 10 years. It is an elite cultural magazine with a New England flavor that has always maintained a high-minded and disdainful philistine demeanor. For example, while politically it advocates democracy and popularization, culturally it believes that the truly noble arts have to be aristocratic, that is, only the idle few have the education and time to appreciate them, and that the general public is only entitled to enjoy the lowly popular arts: movies, television, popular fiction, comic books, and so on, that cater to the public's tastes.

The New Yorker was initially accused of imitating the British humor magazine PUNCH. Full of envy of the culture from Paris: columnist Adam Gopnik's article called "New Yorker style". Is he with the New Yorker eyes to see Paris "has the world's most beautiful, but the most common civilization: cafes, bistros, parks, trays of lemons, boulevards dotted with the shadow of the leaves of the lights ...... "Paris and Manhattan, the former is a city full of museums and parks, the latter is everywhere. parks, the latter a commercial center filled with skyscrapers. French civilization, he says, is really a collection of small stores, a symbol of the middle class.

Ultimately, The New Yorker shaped the aesthetic tastes of middle-class Americans with the times. It consistently rejected experimental, gritty, and destructive artists, and those from the margins of society were excluded. But it provided a home for the polished, the smug, the wordy, the long, the tedious. The New Yorker offers a unique quality to middle-class American culture, one that delights them, teaches them, and always holds their intellect in high esteem without ever downgrading it.

Latte Town

In the 1940s and 1950s, a group of intellectuals labeled as "voluntarily leaving the middle class" arrived in Greenwich Village. "Go to the suburbs" became a slogan, and land prices rose in Greenwich Village in the 1960s. Coffee houses filled with poets, artists, and novelists quickly gave way to large shopping centers, fashion stores, advertising and design firms, and car clubs. Real estate developers cajoled up land prices to quickly push artists living in poverty out of the neighborhoods, and as one group of bohemians was replaced by another group of BOBOS, the cultural faces of the middle class gradually became more and more similar. Around the American metropolis, more and more Milk + Coffee far-flung suburban towns abounded. The middle class quickly transformed intellectual pursuits into something that suited their appetites; they wanted symbolism and more comfortable enjoyment.

In the suburbs, homebuilders continued to replicate the Greenwich Village model, selling the middle class a new way of life. William J. Levitt appeared on the cover of Time magazine in the summer of 1950. He pioneered the mass construction of neat houses in the suburbs, and in front of rows of identically constructed houses, billboards read, "Revett, the Home Builder, Sells a New Way of Life." Not only did Revett's newly built houses of the 1960s come with washing machines and televisions, but the covenants stipulated that outdoor laundry was prohibited, that construction was forbidden, and that lawns were regularly tended. fences, and regular lawn preparation.

And Jacobs certainly helped. This Greenwich lifer paints a poetic picture of suburban life. The grocery store owners, the fruit store vendors, and the laundromat owners were free of squalor and snobbery: they were hard-working and boisterous, they were clean, and they were friendly and welcoming. The developers soon gave the suburbs German-style pedestrian shopping streets, Indian craft stores, Italian coffee shops, Victorian apartments, and Swedish government. And of course there will be missions, human rights groups, environmental organizations, agricultural activities, and so on.

A Village Voice about Greenwich Village comes out every Tuesday night. As usual, there are long lines at the newsstand near the 6 subway at 8th Street in downtown Manhattan. Those in line for the Village Voice flip straight to the rental ads, confident that when they look through the listings the next morning, all the houses will already have their own owners.

Similar villages sprang up around major American cities. Robert Moses, on the other hand, was a leader in suburban sprawl. His highway program kept the time it took for cities to reach the suburbs much shorter. This highway czar linked New York City with various small towns in New York State through bridges, tunnels, and highways so that owners of small cars could drive to the parks he created or travel to Long Island. Wherever the highway reaches, suburban land prices in towns labeled as Milk Café Towns rise and blossom.

Typical "milk coffee towns" are towns like Burlington, Vermont, which have become liberal neighborhoods, often with beautiful nature and college towns. There are hundreds of such towns in the United States, scattered like satellites around the city. Here the middle class buys homes on maps provided by real estate agents and enjoys the natural milk aromas and coffee blends of urban life.

The quiet idylls don't leave a void in life; rather, such towns offer more consumer goods that reflect the tastes of the wealthy people who inhabit them, such as the elegant gay magazine Curve and alternative music records. In addition, there are frequent events on the public square - art workshops, yoga festivals, food festivals, kite festivals, rock concerts, environmental rallies against development, and so on.

The Ford

There's often a paradox about humanity and lanes: speed seekers must respect the rules of the road while giving way to slow pedestrians. Americans have never assumed that drivers are morally a class below walkers, and that the more noble a person is, the less distinguished his car is.

All this is the result of Ford's automobile. In such a short time, he made it possible for every middle-class family in America to own more than one automobile - and so it was said that, because of Ford, the middle class was born on America's highways. It didn't matter if they were farmers on a ranch or sweaty laborers in a big industrial plant, as long as he had a Model T Ford to drive his family down America's highways on a weekend.

Henry Ford instigated a revolution that did more for the world than the struggle for power in some countries.

In Detroit in 1914, Ford attempted to establish an assembly line model of production and to cultivate consumer considerations for the enormous capacity of assembly line production. He chose to start creating a middle class from his own side, cultivating a group of people who could afford to drive a Ford. Ford announced that workers would be paid $5 a day, and in 1926, Henry Ford piloted a 40-hour work week.

Peter Drucker trumpeted Ford's revolutionary significance to the world: "The real revolution was not the economic program of the Soviets, but Henry Ford's idea of mass production. In the 40 years since the first Model T was built, the revolution itself has brought about a change in the foundations of society that has been unprecedented in human history in terms of its speed of development, its pervasiveness and its impact. Whether it is non-Western countries waging ****productivist movements, neo-nationalist movements, or any other 'ism' ...... have been inspired by, not inspired by, the violent shocks of this revolution."

No one envies the Fords. As they amassed wealth, they undoubtedly created a larger middle class and enabled the middle class to have a better quality of life.

A Taste of England

At Dr. Herman Tharoor's house, his girlfriend sprinkles the living room with British magazines. This, it is claimed, makes a vulgar and boring surgeon appear more genteel.

Making oneself look more like a British gentleman is a way for middle-class Americans without their own traditions to authenticate their identity. To Americans, the inheritance and preservation of British heritage - maids with white aprons or having the butler wear a striped undershirt - implies that the family has a longer spiritual history. The "veneration of antiquity" is evident in the upper classes: they love opera and classical ballet, and like to send their offspring to co-educational prep boarding schools; to visit monuments in Europe or the Middle East; and to study the humanities rather than electrical engineering. ......

< p> The "cult of Britain" is an essential element of upper-class taste, from clothing and literature to allusions, manners and rituals. The middle class, in particular, has a strong British fetish. In the man-made suburbs around Houston, the middle class lived in apartments with these British names: Nottingham Oaks; Afton Oaks; Inverness Forest Villa; Sherwood Forest Villa; Blyth Manor; Meredith Manor. There is even a "Shamrock Manor" full of Irish flavor.

If you're looking for the character of a middle-class home, you'll find a well house in the front yard - part of the New England architectural style; a lantern on each side of the front door, which looks like an old-fashioned headlight made of brass or black tin; and a similar lamp hanging from a tall white doorpost to light the path in front of the door.

The pets on the front lawns of these homes must have been Scottish or Irish Hounds, most often called "SEAN" - the most common name for an Irishman.

Mail-ordering goods from advertising catalogs that fill mailboxes is one of the most popular ways for middle-class Americans to shop. For the upwardly mobile middle class, catalogs with "Mother England" on them were attractive. So many catalogs featured the Commonwealth flag, and one company's catalog said, "We are unabashedly Anglophile," associating Britain with imitation wool and faux leather. Not only can you buy cavalry swords from this company, but you can also get a copy of Churchill's My Early Life. They also marketed silver bookmarks plated with portraits of three great Britons:Shakespeare, Churchill, and Sherlock Holmes. These catalogs, aimed at the middle class, continued to create British fashions:only those customers who imagined themselves to be of British descent were qualified enough to appreciate English products bearing heraldic designs.

Paul Fussell said flirtatiously, "Imagine you're in a middle-class home, and everything that jumps out at you is nice and clean and tidy. Against the wall stands a display cabinet made of walnut panels, and a clear Plexiglas separates dozens of squares from the outside world. You've never seen an arrangement like this before: there are hundreds of needle hoops crowded together inside. The lady of the house is happy to tell you that she is making a collection of needle hoops. There are royal wedding hoops, crown pin hoops, ceramic hoops with idyllic landscapes, and, of course, all of them from a mail-order catalog.

In terms of behavior, they have more of a "British attitude". You're unlikely to find a conservative middle-class man who chooses to make love in the late afternoon, whose home is often decorated with cuddly animals and sweet, idyllic landscapes, and who is unlikely to see anything as fiercely ideological as a painting of the French Revolution. They are introverted, calm, slow and courteous. On the road, like to drive fast is usually only two kinds of people: a want to impress the girl next to the high school students; a kind of insecurity, worried about their own status, and want to find the romantic feelings from the speed of the pursuit of high life. In fact, it is so, the higher the status of the person, the slower the speed of the car, the more stable driving.

To New York, or to Seattle

It all started with an 8-year-old boy. The man who lost his wife lives in a cabin on the Seattle waterfront. He doesn't believe there will ever be true love again, but the woman who was touched by his story is flying down the New York-Seattle highway right now. She hears the boy's story in the middle of the night. She has come for a city, for a romance.

It's a warm city, and Seattle's warmth and humidity reminds people of coffee, of seafood, of blues and jazz. It's not a city that's filled with business because it's home to the headquarters of big companies like Microsoft and Boeing. On the contrary, it is the most intellectual and romantic city in the United States.

So Seattle is like a dreamy suburb with a three-hour time difference from New York: sunlit marinas, less raucous markets, specialty bookstores dotted between neighboring fish markets, postcard stores, and coffee-scented bars. The French philosopher Bernard Lévy said, "If I had to choose a city where I could find my way back to where I had lost my way, and I could choose only one - it would be here: Seattle." He was impressed by the city's many museums. "What else can you say? I love the free, non-conformist atmosphere of Seattle."

In a middle-class love story, this American, who is supposed to have Seattle blood, must travel across the entire United States to New York along a line that runs west to east. At the Empire State Building, to enjoy the perfect love.

About Seattle and New York, as if they were two sides of the middle class, one side of the spiritual life of freedom, freedom, elegance and dignity, and the other side is written in the material life of worldly desires, adventures and growth - since the merger of the five American boroughs in 1897, New York has become the center of the world, and reached its peak in the 1920s. The American magazine The Nation wrote: "All over the country, the ambitious, the eager to make a name for themselves, the fantasizers of riches, and the smart-asses have their eyes fixed on the island of Manhattan. It is a well-known fact that people are judged not only by what they want to be, but by what they are, and on the basis of that, that at least half the nationals of the United States are New Yorkers." In the post-war period, everything here was a symbol of ascent and excellence: the pilots, the trapeze artists, the home runs in baseball, the improvised arpeggios of jazz musicians, Marilyn Monroe's ill-covered dresses, and the stock market, where everything was on the upswing and it seemed as if gravity had temporarily lost its grip.

People who grew up in New York are more eager to live in a free, environmentally friendly, healthy-living city like Seattle. For middle-class Americans, the one thing that could heal, the one thing that could save them, the one thing that could give them the perfect love would only be in the sunny West, like Seattle. In many stories about America, middle class families living in New York are hurt and they believe they can be comforted in Seattle. So they continue to believe in love and try to pursue a perfect marriage.

However, the middle-class family living in New York is hurt in a way that requires traveling across America to heal. For middle-class Americans, the only place that can heal, the only place that can save them, the only place that can give them perfect love, will be in the sunny West like Seattle. Although they are wounded in New York, they believe they can be comforted in Seattle, so they continue to believe in love and try to pursue a perfect marriage.

American Role Models

It's hard to imagine that a country that lacked a native civilization, that was independent as a colony for less than 230 years, that is now the world's only superpower, and that the natural scientists, economists, philosophers, and writers who were born in it have taken most of the world's crowns. Movie actors, singers and athletes who grew up in it quickly became global icons. The trajectory of each of these men was different, but one thread was clear: they were born into the commonplace, but they all embraced the spirit of a nation. Whether in the ivory tower, on the stage, or in the arena, they are building and maintaining the American spirit.

Marilyn Monroe: A Nation's Memory

Who better represents the 1950s in America than Marilyn Monroe and the men she surrounded herself with: baseball emperor Dilma Joe, author Arthur Miller, movie star Eugene Monroe, and President John F. Kennedy.

In America, Monroe was no one person; she was the lover of every American in the postwar 1950s. Her hair, like gold, went so well with the wealth and naivety of the era. Her red lips became a symbol of Hollywood and American culture: sexy, chic and voluptuous. Such middle-class women continued to add footnotes in the years that followed, with Elizabeth Taylor's brunette hair carrying the venom of 1960s pagan coolness and rebellion; Sharon Stone's blonde hair, however, carried the hedonism and coolness of the 1980s.

"Only diamonds are a woman's best friend." Sex and gold, glowing with infinite splendor in America's galloping era. Marilyn may not have been so voracious in her penchant for money: "The press commented on my nude photo shoot for a 1949 calendar, and there was nothing wrong with me because I desperately needed $50 to redeem my car from the pawn shop." The middle class accepted her candor and her mediocrity. And finally, they wept at her death: the girl formerly known as Norma Jean was a sad, self-absorbed, little-spoken woman who worked in an airplane factory before stepping into Hollywood. This beautiful woman said in the 1950s that she felt wanted on an airplane. She became the lover of every American in those days.

Mike Jordan: The hero of the world

The only people who could enter the NBA arena and shout about basketball were the well-to-do. Those at the bottom of the income scale can only cheer for their favorite team in front of the TV. Mike Jordan is destined to be a hero to middle-class Americans who love sports.

On the basketball court, he was full of grace, and all his performances were moderate, aggressive, and indisputable. Jordan was born to be an icon, his extraordinary skill transcended ideology, his charisma crossed class, race and culture, and his dark, textured skin displayed the most radiant thing in sports. Born into a family that made his upbringing seem privileged in comparison to that of black neighborhood children, Mike Jordan's athletic career was a smooth ride, and he was destined to be a genius of both character and academic excellence. His charity, perseverance and impeccable skills made him the best ambassador for the NBA.

Unlike Jordan, who was a middle-class figure, his contemporary Dennis Rodman was all about the black underclass, and everything about him was ideological: his theft before entering the NBA, his foul-mouthedness, the color of his hair, and his trouble-making. He would be a rebellious hero to some young people, while to the conservative middle class, who might view the NBA with sympathy or forgiveness as a Hollywood blockbuster, the drama dictates the need for someone like Rodman. This stark contrast is sometimes like Tiger Woods versus boxing champions Tyson or Mike Jetson. The latter, with all his earnings, will never make it into upper-middle America.

Bill Clinton: being an honest politician

In the end, middle-class Americans forgave Clinton, as they once forgave many civilians. They were revolted by Starr, the independent prosecutor, and disgusted by the pornography-like Starr report. America, as a Christian nation, certainly does not arbitrarily hold much favor with an insincere person, a person who misbehaves, especially their public figures. But they are sympathetic because some have been overly harsh on Clinton using the social commons at their disposal. They remembered all the endearing aspects of this civilian president who, at the moment, was like their newly minted child who was reeling from a mistake. Like seeing a Hollywood movie tragedy at its softest point, they wept, and they easily forgave their president, while those who clung to the slightest glimmer of the president were more like their enemies, the enemies of America.

The zipper-gate scandal of late 1998 did not drive Clinton out of the White House, but made it possible for Clinton to fly around the world to add many listeners to his speeches in the poor days ahead. The autobiography of this young, calm, often innocent smile of the president has also covered the world book market as a result. Clinton was born into a great era, an era that produced a remarkable group of presidents. These presidents were essentially middle-class born. Ronald Reagan, whose influence has been higher than that of George Washington, the father of the nation, was previously a second-rate American Hollywood movie star who used the Star Wars program to completely mop up a power as great as they were on a battlefield without smoke. Nixon, on the other hand, would have deserved to be equally heavily scrawled in American history without Watergate. George W. Bush seems to be more of a neo-rich-class spokesman, but he gives the middle class a sense of security. This president, who stands at the lectern leaning forward, with a forced gaze, but who is often tongue-tied, has manipulated the power of the state to its fullest extent. Like it or not, the world is walking according to his logic.

And Clinton is undoubtedly one of the most endearing images of middle-class America. He created a new economic era. He brought back the light of the once-dark American Dream at the end of the last century, and brought many immigrants who thought they had the key to the situation

The American Dream.