, the Buyei dress like to use green, blue, white three colors.
Before the liberation, the Buyi and young adults wrapped the dupatta, multi-striped and solid blue dupatta clothes, double-breasted jackets and long lapel shirts, pants, pants, longer pants, the old many people wore sleeved jacket dresses. Clothing dialect area (second) and (third) the difference between the dialect area women, after liberation, many of the men of the Buyei ethnic group wear Chinese clothes. (Third) dialect women's clothing is divided into two types of clothes and costumes.
Plainclothes: clothing, blue, cyan, lapel tops, the neckline of the buttons that do the potting, cloth studs, the chest wear embroidered indigo apron, brightly colored sash tie (married) disk cover the long identified 12 floors of the headscarf, the veil, the inner eight layers of cotton threads, the upper and lower ends of the decorations, four cross-stitch tapestry outside, married women do not wear a headscarf, wearing blue cloth and shootshells "Test. "
Clothing: Jacket wearing Xie Jin's green plate shoulders, with colorful floral threads on both sides of the small square placed into a semicircle embroidered costume shoulders, collar picks brocade right. Set is divided into three, the center of the brocade, the upper and lower two batik clothing lower tapestry is an inch wide decoration. The chest wears an embroidered apron tied with a light-colored sash. The lower part wears a long batik pleated skirt to the instep. For a grand festival the costumes are worn in embroidered brocade based on geometric patterns, a beautiful set of costumes takes three to five years. Another kind of pleated skirt, called "pink order" in the Buyi language, has the same upper pattern and batik skirt, but the skirt of my body is magenta because the dyeing cloth is made of quaint, elegant, and dignified, which the older women like on festivals and grand(er) occasions. Women in the dialect area wear large lapeled dresses and pants, underwear edges inlaid with blue rods and lace thread embroidered girth.
Buyi young women like to wear silver insects, fish, flowers, birds headdresses silver or jade bracelets.
, food
County Buyi staple food is rice, individual Tian Tian village staple food to bracts. Sticky food, vacation glutinous rice steamed or glutinous rice cake. Like to drink wine, more home-brewed home-brewed rice wine and bract wine, generally about 30 degrees, all four points in the brewing. shidonglayue rum, prickly pear glutinous rice wine glutinous rice to do with the preparation of the hospitality of the same kind of food. The first drink must be drunk, hospitality, general male guests male guests accompany female guests of women riding horses, drinking twisted plate, lead the old man, accompanied by the old man and in the host and customers. In addition, the Buyei people also eat dog meat, beef.
The scene
County Buyei more mountains along the water gate, dozens of families, hundreds of families gathered in small villages, there is no single family of a dozen households living in the diaspora.
Housing construction and more in line with local conditions, the use of a slope building, the upper floors live in the lower off livestock, or the first half of the cottage for the late construction, the ceiling is still corrals, very few absorbed Han architectural forms, repair cottage within the stone outside, the shame and more cedar, rowan and toon wood structure houses roof tiles or slate, live in the home, with stone pestle and mortar, stone stone stone bowls, stone troughs and stone tanks, and more stone walled villages. Villages and more stone cottage walls near the mountains are mostly stone tunnels, a typical stone building.
Buyei housing, the main room has a shrine, the left and right sides of the kitchen, dormitory room, the main room has a fireplace indoors, winter roasting fire, each village or fortress built in the next Earth temple worship mountain gods, is also a place to collect the process.
After the death of the family, the traditional concept of inheritance of parents by the eldest son, known as BR />
Buyei family, his father patriarchal father, as parents have the ability to master the domestic economy and disposable family members. "Brother, father, sister in-law mother". Her husband died, the wife's inheritance and remarried before his death, the property, the wife's husband, you lose the right to dispose of the property.
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What are the Buyei wedding customs? In China, people of all nationalities have their own national customs and festivals. People of all ethnic groups in accordance with their own customs, held a variety of celebrations, with their own strong national unique style. Among them, marriage customs can best represent the cultural characteristics of each ethnic group.
General family wedding. Before the betrothal, the two sides first inquired about each other's gateway, including the gateway, the gateway, fox odor, sexually transmitted diseases, that the gateway is equivalent to the matchmaker from which the matchmaking. To be men and women's families agree, the matchmaker that is to take the woman's geng post, detailing the woman's birth year, month, day, hour, sent to the man's home. The male family to ask the fortune-teller or private school Mr., according to the male and female eight characters to calculate the auspicious or not, the genus match or not, commonly known as the "marriage". Marriage is proper, reported to the woman's family. There is also a "son-in-law" and "daughter-in-law" before the wedding. After exchanging the post, the man's family prepares a banquet and invites the matchmaker to accompany the woman's parents and relatives to the house for a blind date. During the banquet, the future son-in-law comes out to pay his respects. A few days later, the woman's family prepares a banquet and invites the man's family to the woman's home for a blind date, during which the unmarried daughter-in-law comes out to pay her respects. After the two sides meet and agree, the man's family sends the betrothed to the woman's home, where the woman offers her hospitality. At this point, the formalization of marriage.
Buyei customs Buyei
One of the larger ethnic minorities in southwestern China. The Buyi call themselves "Buyi", which is still pronounced differently in different parts of the world due to differences in dialectal sounds. Historically, the Buyei have been called by different names, but in the old documents, they were mostly called "Zhongjia". 1953, according to the will of the nation and their own name, they were collectively called the "Buyei". They mainly live in the two Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefectures of Qiannan Tucu and Qianxi Tucunan in Guizhou Province, as well as in parts of Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan. In the past, they did not have their own writing system, but always used the Chinese language. In 1956, China *** created the Pinyin script in Latin alphabet for the Buyi. The culture and art of the Buyi are colorful. Traditional dances include the Copper Drum Dance, the Weaving Dance, the Lion Dance, and the Sugar Bun Dance, etc. Traditional musical instruments include the suona, the moonflower, and the moonflower. The traditional musical instruments include suona, moon zither, cave xiao, wooden leaf, flute and so on. Ground Opera and Lantern Drama are the favorite dramas of the Buyi people. The Buyi are mainly agricultural, mainly growing rice. The Buyi cloth woven by the farmers themselves has been famous for a long time. In recent years, enterprises specializing in the production of Buyi brocade, batik cloth and ethnic craft clothing have been established, and their products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and the United States.
History of the Buyi People
The Buyi people have a long history. The Buyei originated from the ancient "Puyue people". The ancient books recorded "Yi Yue", "Yi Pu", "Yi Bong", etc., are the different titles of the ancient Buyi ancestors. The Records of the Grand Historian and the Book of Han record them as the main body of the ancient "South China" regional state and the Yelang State. Ancient "Luoyue land", i.e. the present-day South and North Panjiang River and Hongshui River Basin area, is precisely the area inhabited by the present-day Buyi people. In the Spring and Autumn and Warring States to the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Buyi were in slavery. Sui and Tang dynasties, the rise of feudal lord economy, Yuan and Ming dynasties, the implementation of the Tusi system; the Qing Dynasty, "land reclassification", the feudal landlord economy has been developed. Buyei social organization, there are "clan system", "negotiation hammer system", "Zhaolao system" and so on, which originated from the ancient clan management system, is the inheritance and development of the ancient democracy, but also has the characteristics of class society. They are the inheritance and development of the ancient democratic system, and at the same time have the characteristics of class society. Since 1951, the areas inhabited by the Buyi people have successively established autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties and ethnic townships, creating extremely favorable conditions for the comprehensive development of the Buyi areas.
The Buyi have their own language. In their daily life, people generally use the Buyei language to communicate, and many people are fluent in Chinese. The Buyi language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family, and it is divided into three native language areas according to the differences in speech and vocabulary, namely, the Qiannan native language area, the Qianzhong native language area, and the Qiuxi native language area (or called the first, second, and third native language areas). Before the establishment of New China, the Buyi did not have their own common script, but there was a kind of symbols similar to square characters created with Chinese characters or the "Six Books" method of creating characters, which were used to record religious classics, and were called the Buyi "Tujiazhi". After the establishment of the new China, in 1957, the creation of the Latin alphabet as the basis for the pinyin script, trial implementation to date.
The Buyei have been known as the "Rice Nation", and Sima Qian's "Records of the Grand Historian" described them as "buns, plowed fields, and a euphoric gathering". Rice farming has always been its prominent economic characteristics, rice culture is an important symbol of the culture of the ancient Yue people, and is still a prominent cultural feature of the production and life of the Buyi people.
Habitat
The villages of the Buyi are located on the mountains and by the water, and they are mostly inhabited by people with the same family name, usually a dozen or tens of households for a village, and some of them are hundreds to hundreds of households. Most of the dwellings are made of wood as the main structure, and there are "dry-rail" type buildings, cottages and slate houses, and the slate houses are very characteristic of the local area. Dry bar "footstool" is mostly a 3-bedroom, 3-story bamboo and wood structure, the bottom floor is not walled, using wood as a fence to keep livestock, the middle layer of bamboo weaving around, used to live in; the upper layer of miscellaneous goods. The side of the house with a bamboo balcony, straight through the floor, can be cool, sunshine. Live in Pingba, most of the short-walled courtyards. Anshun, Zhenning, Guanling, Puding and Liuzhi area, due to the abundance of green stone, housing from the foundation to the wall are built with stone, the roof is also covered with slate, commonly known as "slate house". Coupled with the stone wall of the cottage and the top of the stone fort, forming a typical stone building complex. Typical such as the Bianzhanshan stone cottage, all housing and cottage walls, old fort, cottage passages, as well as flat bridges across the river, arched bridges, terraces, etc., all with stone construction; even household utensils, such as pestles, mills, pots and pans, grooves, tanks, etc., are all made of stone, showing the unique craftsmanship of the people of the Buyei ethnic group.
Folk Literature
Buyei folk literature has myths, poems, fables, proverbs and so on. Folk music can be divided into three categories: folk songs, instrumental music and opera music. Folk songs include mountain songs, wave whistle songs, wine songs, big songs, small songs, narrative songs, ritual songs and so on. Wave whistle song, is the Buyi young men and women in the "wave whistle" (also known as "catch table", "sitting table", is to talk about love a social activity) ...... >>
Nampanjiang around the Zhuang Buyei marriage customs Buyei wedding customs have a long history, has a strong national character, from the Ming Dynasty to the present day, inherited the Buyei township people optimistic human emotions, unity and friendship, optimism and upward mobility of the quality.
Buyei marriage is basically monogamous. Hongzhi "Guizhou Tujing Xinzhi" said: "Singing the people who like each other, and then on the posture of color Yan Suo cattle and horses how much for the bride price", which is chosen by the parties themselves, and then by the parents agreed to set the bride price. After the Ming Dynasty, the Buyi marriage is free to choose and with the matchmaking two systems coexist, after the matchmaking more and more common, the old aunt cousins, aunts and relatives and other pro-marriage is common, more parents arranged, individual free choice. After the liberation, with the "marriage law" in the minority areas of publicity and implementation, the Buyi young men have marriage since ***, in the consent of parents, then according to the provisions of the marriage registration procedures, agreed on the date of the wedding, rituals and customs from the simple. Inbreeding, early marriage phenomenon has been rare, women's political and economic status is increasingly improved, the father weakened parents, family management tends to be democratized.
The Buyei wedding customs have a long history and colorful content. The whole process is divided into six stages.
First, matchmaking: there are three main ways: 1, the boy was 5.6 years old, parents looking for a child object, the woman is slightly older than the man; 2, "finger for marriage"; 3, free choice, the use of young men and women in the program, ***, etc., singing love songs to communicate with each other, known as the "Rangshao
The second is the "Rangshao".
Second, to matchmaking: by the moon old man, the ice man, as a witness to the marriage relationship and the two sides of the bridge of dialog.
Third, ask the kiss: this is the most important link, usually back and forth many times before the final determination of the relationship, the woman received gifts.
Fourth, on marriage: 1, "on the eight"; 2, take "red eight"; 3, "back to the eight"; 4, to send bride price, more than the price of food folded cash, less than 2 stone 6 buckets of rice, more than 3 stone 6 buckets of rice! The first is to give the bride price, mostly in cash at the price of grain, less than 2 stone 6 buckets of rice.
Fifth, over the gift: after the marriage relationship is determined, the matchmaker and the male family composed of 8 to 16 people "over the gift team" to send gifts to the woman's home, held in the family "rituals".
Six, receiving the bride: this is the most solemn ceremony. 1, the male side of the composition of the "welcome guests" accompanied by the "gift team", together with the female side of the family; 2, the female side of the family in-laws; 3, the male side of the family to hold three days of red wine.
The wedding of the Zhuang people is to receive the bride, send the bride, into the marriage and back to the door. Their weddings are also as sweet and intriguing as the sweet tea they serve to their guests. It is mainly divided into four customs: receiving the bride, sending the bride, becoming a bride and returning the door.
The way of free love between young men and women of the Zhuang ethnic group includes throwing the embroidered ball, playing the wooden groove and singing songs, etc. The embroidered ball is the way of catching the song of the Zhuang people. Throwing the embroidered ball is the Zhuang people to catch the song dike, the girls hand-held colorful flower embroidered ball, neatly lined up to sing songs, if you see the young man, they will throw the embroidered ball to him. The young man took the ball, if the girl is satisfied, the small gift wrapped in the ball thrown back to the female side, so the relationship began. Wooden groove playing is usually held at the beginning of the lunar calendar, initially by young women to hit the groove with a wooden stick, hitting out a variety of different sounds, everyone to enjoy the fun. Then a few women hit the wooden groove after several sticks sing songs, then there are many young men with sticks, run to the wooden groove side to **** with the knock, every knock, everyone sings songs, expressing the love between men and women. This approach is locally known as "singing flow" or "catching the wind flow". In Zhuang society, men and women usually at the age of 12 or 13 years old must learn to sing a few songs, to 17 or 18 years old, must be able to learn that love songs. Singing songs place has strict regulations, whether in the secluded mountain villages, or in the street day downtown, must be recognized or anyone can see the place. The time is based on the local agricultural production season. The number of times per year varies from place to place. The "Sha Ren" is held on the first street day of the first month of the year and in February and March. "Yiren" is held every year before planting rice seedlings and after harvesting. During this period, unmarried men and women and married but not "sitting home" women each carry rice flower candy, flower glutinous rice and small handkerchiefs, small mirrors and other items, in a fixed site to sing songs. If a young man fell in love with a girl, the collective singing stage will be able to try to send her eyes to her, if the girl also has the intention of love, the two sides will be a pair of songs a question and answer since. Singing finished, you can sit down to feast with each other, and give each other small items to show that the token, and later every street day or festival and can be invited to meet on a fixed date. Through the singing of songs to make friends, even if the future of love, the male side to hire a matchmaker for the form of marriage proposal.
The basic form of Zhuang marriage is monogamy. Clan marriages are common in all clans, but different clans with the same surname can intermarry. The "native" family is considered to have no clan relationship beyond the fourth generation, and intermarriage is allowed. Uncles and aunts are allowed to marry, but not aunts. The "Yiren" clan practiced single-line aunt-uncle table marriages, in which the son of the aunt and the daughter of the uncle were allowed to marry, but intermarriage between the son of the uncle and the daughter of the aunt was strictly prohibited. Historically, the Zhuang people have generally practiced early marriage, according to a ...... >>
What are the customs of the Buyei people I. Dress
The Buyei people like to dress in green, blue and white colors.
Before the liberation, the Buyi young adults wrapped the head of the Pa, the head of the Pa more for the stripes and solid green two, clothes for the lapel short and long lapel shirt, pants for the pants, trouser leg longer, the elderly more wear large-sleeved short and long shirt. （There is a big difference in the costumes of women in the (second) and (third) native-speaking areas. After the liberation of the country, the men of the Buyi ethnic group mostly wore Han Chinese costumes. （Women's costumes in the (third) dialect area are categorized into two types: casual and dressy.
Casual dress: clothes in blue and blue-colored, lapel short clothes, collar with clothing material to do pot flower buttons nailed on the chest to wear embroidered indigo girdle, tie brightly colored belt (in addition to married), disk long discovery to cover with a bandana, headscarf **** twelve layers, the inside of the eight layers of cotton floral line edging, outside the four layers of the top and bottom ends of the pick flowers brocade, married women do not wear a headscarf, and wear a more test with the green cloth and bamboo shells made of.
Dress: the upper wear oblique lapel short clothes, green plate shoulder, with various colors of floral threads on both sides of the small square set into a semi-circle embroidered on the shoulders, collar ring right pick flowers brocade. The sleeves are divided into three sections, brocade in the center, batik on the upper and lower sections, and the lower part of the garment is all edged with one-inch wide brocade. The chest wears an embroidered waistband with a light-colored belt. Underneath is a batik pleated skirt that reaches to the instep. Dress in the grand festival to wear, dress embroidered brocade patterns to geometric shapes, a set of exquisite dress will take three or five years to make. There is another kind of pleated skirt, called "powder order" in Buyei, the upper pattern is the same as the batik skirt, but the skirt is made of reddish-red dyed fabric, which is simple, elegant and solemn, and it is mostly loved by the elderly women who wear it on festive and grand occasions. (Secondly) women in the native-speaking areas wear big-breasted clothes and pants with blue poles and laces along the edges and embroidered waistbands.
The young women of the Buyi ethnic group like to wear silver headdresses made of worms, fish, flowers, birds and silver or jade bracelets.
Second, food
County of the Buyi people to rice as the main food, individual villages with less land to the main food of the bush. They like to eat glutinous food and steam glutinous rice or play glutinous rice patties on festivals. They like to drink wine, and make their own rice wine and bract wine, which is generally about 30 degrees, and are brewed at all times of the year. In the winter and winter months, they make glutinous rice sweet wine and glutinous rice prickly pear wine to prepare for guests or self-catering. Guests to, must first drink, hospitality, general male guests male companion, female guests female companion, the elders and the main guest is sitting, drink wine and pickle by the elders to take the lead. In addition, the Buyei people also eat good dog meat, beef.
Third, live
Buyei people in the county live along the water, dozens of households to hundreds of households gathered for the village, the small village also has more than ten households, no single family living in the diaspora.
House construction is mostly adapted to the local conditions, the use of slopes built buildings, the upper floor to live, the lower level off the livestock, or the front half of the building after half for the cottage, the bottom of the building is still used for livestock enclosures, a few absorbed the Han Chinese architectural forms, repair into cottages. The structure of the house is mostly "inside the wood outside the stone", the column head is made of cedar, rowan or toon, roof tiles or slate, home life with stone pestle and mortar, stone mill, stone bowl, stone groove, stone tanks, villages and stone walls, nearby mountains are also a lot of stone Tun, to form a more typical stone architectural complex.
Buyei houses, halls with shrines, halls on the left and right sides of the stove room, bedrooms, guest rooms, indoor fire pit for the winter fire, each village village or beside the fortress built a land temple dedicated to the God of the mountains, but also a place to meet and discuss.
Fourth, the family
The Buyei family is patriarchal, and the father as the head of the family has the power to control the family economy and dominate the family members. After the death of a parent in old age, the eldest son inherits the family, and there is a traditional concept of "elder brother is the father, elder brother and sister-in-law is the mother". When a husband dies, the wife inherits and utilizes the property of her husband during his lifetime. If the wife remarries, she loses the right to dispose of the property.
The Buyei family structure has two generations of small families, there are three generations, four generations of the same family. When the children grow up, the family elders will preside over the division of property, in addition to the parents of the "old age field" and unmarried daughters of the "girl field", the rest of the field and the house are equally divided into sons, the field by the eldest son to choose from, the house by the youngest son to choose from. The property of heirless families was inherited by their relatives, and married daughters had no right to inherit property. After the separation of the family, the parents lived with the youngest son.
V. Marriage
The Buyei marriage in the county is monogamous, and there is no intermarriage between people of the same family name. Before the liberation of the rich people have the custom of taking concubines. Marriage is concluded, first by the male party to ask the matchmaker to the female family, the female family agreed, the male family invited people with chickens, wine, sugar and other gifts to go to the female family and the eight characters of the birth date, called the "open mouth pro" or "betrothal". After the betrothal, before the wedding to the female side to send bride price, the male family in addition to send about 100 yuan (must be an even number) of the bride price, but also with a string of firecrackers, a pair of wedding candles, two pots of wine, sugar, a number of seals ...... >>
What are the customs of the Buyi people? Buyei people to rice, corn as the main food, wheat, sorghum, potato taro and beans as a supplement. There are wooden cans, tripod cans cooking rice, oil stewed rice, Erhe rice (rice mixed with crushed corn, also called bao gu rice), bao gu po, rice flour, two pieces of po, pea flour, rice tofu and other colorful varieties. Among them, glutinous rice dumplings, flower rice and sesame oil dumplings are the most well-known, and are mostly used for ancestor worship or banquets. Their meat comes mainly from domestic animals and poultry, and they also love to hunt squirrels, bamboo rats and bamboo worms. Cooking methods are mostly burning, boiling, popping, deep-frying, pickling, freezing, and generally do not eat raw food. Wine occupies a very important position in the daily life of the Buyi. Every year after the fall harvest, families have to make a lot of rice wine and store it for year-round drinking. The Buyi like to treat their guests with wine, no matter how much the guests drink, as long as the guests arrive, they will be served with wine first, which is called "Welcome Wine". When drinking wine, they don't use cups but bowls, and they have to make orders to guess and sing. There are many traditional snacks of the Buyi people, such as rice flour, two pieces of rice, pea flour, rice tofu, and so on. The Buyei people are very hospitable, characterized by "February 2", "March 3", "April 8", Dragon Boat Festival, "June 6 ", "half of July", Mid-Autumn Festival, etc. are grand festivals, April 8 "many Buyei use maple leaves, yellow rice flowers, dyed danidan flowers and other plant branches and leaves of glutinous rice dyed into colorful, do flower sticky rice to entertain guests and give to friends and relatives.
The Buyei marriage customs? The Buyei people are one of the ancient Chinese "Baiyue", whose language belongs to the Zhuang-Dai branch of the Zhuang-Dong language family of the Sino-Tibetan language family. In the past, there was no national script, has been the use of Chinese, in 1956 the people *** for the Buyei people created a Latin alphabet pinyin script. The culture and art of the Buyi are colorful. There are myths, legends, stories, fables, proverbs and poems in the oral literature circulating among the people. Traditional dances include the Copper Drum Dance, the Weaving Dance, the Lion Dance, and the Sugar Bun Dance. Traditional musical instruments include Suona, Yueqin, Dongxiao, Muye and Flute. Ground Opera and Lantern Drama are the favorite dramas of the Buyi people.
The Buyei are mainly agricultural, mainly planting rice. Men like to wear lapel short coat, long pants, wrapped scarf, women wear right-overlapping lapel coat, long pants or pleated skirt, wearing silver bracelets, earrings, collars and other jewelry. Buyei cloth woven by the farmers themselves has long been famous. In recent years, specializing in the production of Buyei brocade, batik cloth and national craft clothing enterprises have been established, the products are exported to Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe and the United States and other places.
The Buyei people like to live in the mountains along the water, usually a dozen or tens of households for a cottage, there are hundreds of households to hundreds of households. Housing has a "dry bar" type building, cottage and slate house, the most characteristic is the slate house.
The Buyi worship ancestors, mainly believe in multiple gods and nature worship, some believe in Catholicism and Christianity. Traditional festivals in addition to the Spring Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, there are "February 2", "March 3", "April 8", "Bull King Festival
In addition to the Mid-Autumn Festival, there are also the "February 2", "March 3", "April 8", "Ox King Festival", etc. The grandest festival is the "June 6" on the lunar calendar.
At the end of 1949, most of the Buyei area was liberated, and by March 1959, the whole Buyei area was liberated. on August 8, 1956, the Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture was established. Later on, Zhenning Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou (September 11, 1963), Ziyun Miao Buyi Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou (February 11, 1966), Guanling Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou (December 31, 1981), and Qianxinan Buyi Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Guizhou (May 1, 1982) were established successively.
Daily Food Customs The Buyi used to have the habit of eating two meals during leisure time and three meals during busy farming time. Daily staple food is mostly rice. Fresh rice is generally processed into rice with a pestle and pounding, now pounding now eat, in the river or a place with streams, water milling paddy into rice, and then processed into rice. Folk like to use a special cooking utensil "cauldron" to steam the rice into rice. The Buyei people generally like to eat glutinous rice, and often as a staple food to improve life or flavor. When processing glutinous rice, it is generally soaked in water and steamed, then pounded and kneaded into round or rectangular poi for preservation or consumption, of which the sesame oil dough poi is the most characteristic. In addition to rice and glutinous rice, bao gui is also one of the daily staple foods. When consumed, the grains are processed and ground into small particles, which are mixed with rice and boiled into two-heat rice, while some tender grains are ground into a crumbly paste and wrapped in glutinous rice to form grains, which are deep-fried or steamed for consumption. There are a lot of traditional snacks for the Buyi, especially for the Buyi living in Yunnan, who are good at making rice noodles, bait block, pea flour, rice cake, etc. The Buyi daily dishes are also abundant. Buyei daily dishes are also colorful, such as Buyei people like to eat cold vegetables, "moss jelly meat", "mixed pea cold noodles", etc., pickled vegetables and sour soup almost every meal must be, especially women most like to eat. There are also blood tofu, sausage and other flavorful dishes made from dried and fresh bamboo shoots and various insects. Most of the Buyi are good at making pickles, cured meat and black beans, and the unique pickles "salt and acid" are famous in China and abroad. Among the meat dishes, dog meat, dog enema and beef soup pot are the best dishes. When slaughtering a pig, the Buyi used to put some salt in the blood pot first, and then stirred with the pig's blood, after solidifying, the onion, spices, plus minced meat under water to burn a sinking ship soup, and pig's blood to cook together, known as "live blood", as the best dishes for the guests. Wine occupies a very important position in the daily life of the Buyi. Every year after the fall harvest, families have to brew a lot of rice wine and store it for drinking all year round.
Festivals, ceremonies, rituals and food customs The biggest festival of the year for the Buyi is the New Year (i.e. Spring Festival). From New Year's Eve to the fifteenth. Before New Year's Eve, they have to kill the New Year's pig, pound glutinous rice and prepare all kinds of vegetables. The Buyi in Yunnan have the habit of eating vegetarian food from the first to the third day of the year; the Buyi in Sichuan must eat chicken meat with thin rice, known as blood rice porridge, on New Year's Eve or the first day of the year. Legend has it that this custom originated in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, when some of the Buyi in Guizhou were trying to escape the determination of the officials and soldiers. Then everyone cut the chicken into pieces, with blood rice cooked into thin rice, the village men, women and children **** into the last reunion meal, will go their own way, and agreed to wait for an opportunity to see each other in the future. Only those who can tell the origin of the chicken rice can recognize their family name. Each family name has a different pre-dinner ceremony, recognize the two sides of the pre-dinner ceremony must be exactly the same ...... >>
The Buyei and Han Chinese people get married or not Only the mutual acceptance of the question of suitability. Because after all, unlike the Vikings *** and other minorities who believe in *** religion, generally do not marry a foreigner; even if married to each other to comply with the *** religion, such as that do not eat pork and so on I can not stand. But I heard from my friends in Yunnan, you Buyei women married a "sitting home" custom, this is probably a problem (have to discuss, too long can not be good). When receiving the bride to sing a song, it will be difficult for your boyfriend (but you can practice beforehand). Other customs and food habits should not be a big problem. I don't know "rice nation" you should eat more rice, don't get married to the north always eat pasta is not used to it. I think the main thing is to sit above the family, song, food and drink to see if you can reconcile good, not mutual, there is really no good, only the problem of fit or not. Of course, I don't know if all the Buyei customs are the same.
Guizhou Buyei marriage Laoyi wedding information organization and introduction
[Abstract] Buyei has a long history, a variety of names, the ancient name "Pu" or "bureaucratic", "Duyun Barbarian", later generations have "Pu" or "Bong", "Duyun Barbarian", and later generations have "Pu", "Bong", "Bong", "Bong", "Bong", "Bong", and "Bong". ", later generations have "Southwest Barbarians", "Fan", "Zhongjia Barbarians", "Eight Fans ", "Zhongmiao", "Qingzhong", "Zhongjia", "Mito", "Zhongban" and other titles, after the establishment of New China, collectively known as the Buyi. This paper attempts to briefly introduce the status of marriage research on the Buyi ethnic group by scholars in China since the modern times from the aspects of research reports, monographs, journals, dissertations, theses, and other collections.
[Keywords] Buyei; Marriage; Monographs; Journals; Research Reports
The Buyei lived in the present-day Guizhou region as early as in ancient times, and are the original inhabitants of the southeastern part of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. It has a long history and many names. In ancient times, it was called "Pu" or "Bureaucrat" or "Duyun Barbarians"; in the Tang Dynasty, it was called "Southwest Barbarians"; after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, it was called "Southwest Barbarians". In ancient times, it was called "Pu" or "Bureaucrat" and "Duyun Barbarians"; in Tang Dynasty, it was called "Southwest Barbarians"; after Song and Yuan Dynasties, it was called "Tomato" and "Zhongjia Barbarians"; in Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was called "Bafan", "Zhongmiao" and "Qingmiao". ", "Qingzhong", "Zhongjia", "Shuitou", "Zhongban". After the founding of New China, they are collectively known as the Buyi. Buyei people have the same origin with Zhuang people, and evolved from ancient tribes such as "Bureaucrat", "Baiyue" and "Baipu". In recent decades, domestic scholars have made great achievements in the study of the Buyi, and the publication of monographs, journals and dissertations are endless, such as Mr. Huang Yiren's History of the Buyi published by Guizhou Nationalities Publishing House, Religious Beliefs and Culture of the Buyi published by Central University for Nationalities Publishing House, A Brief History of the Buyi, Buyi Studies, Bronze Drum Culture of the Buyi, Wu Wending's Costume and Geography of the Buyi, and On the Buyi's Clothing and Geography. and Geographic Environment", "On the Plain Materialist Thought of the Buyei Ancient Songs" Journal of Qiannan Nation Teachers College, etc. Meanwhile, the research on marriage has also achieved corresponding results. The following is a brief introduction to the Buyei marriage data, recalling the scholars' arduous journey:
Research Report
The Buyei people are mainly gathered in Guizhou, so the research on the Buyei people is naturally centered in Guizhou, and the results of the research on the Buyei people in Guizhou are the most numerous. For example, Mr. Wu Wenyi's "Social History and Marriage and Burial of the Buyi in Shangmo Township, Pingtang County", the second part of the article discusses the marriage of the Buyi in the marriage customs [1]; "Zhenning Biantanshan Buyi Marriage Survey Report" [2] this article from the ethnographic and sociological perspectives of the Buyi in Biantanshan, the report of the investigation of the marriage of the Buyi. From the perspective of ethnology and sociology, this article is a comprehensive analysis of the marriage of the Buyei people in Biantanshan, studying its nature and its impact on the development of Buyei society, and describing how a young man and a young woman must go through the process of "please Busha" and "Kajie" in order to establish a marriage, "Dejuan", "Ai Zhu", "De Zhu" and other processes, in addition, also made some narratives on the custom of hammering; "Shucheng Special Zone monkey field, Hongyan The first point of "Investigation Report on Marriage Customs and Festivals in Ethnic Townships" talks about marriage [3]; Lei Guangzheng's "Report on the Social and Historical Investigation of the Buyei Ethnic Group in Pintang County's Zhaobu Township" includes the fifteenth point - marriage and funeral [4]; Zhao Chongnan's "Report on the Social and Historical Investigation of the Buyei Ethnic Group in Wangmu County's Lekang Township" includes the fifteenth point - marriage and funeral. The fourth point of the article "Survey on the Life and Customs of the Buyi in Lekang Township, Wangmu County" discusses the family name, marriage and family [5]; the sixth point of the article "The Life and Customs of the Buyi in Zhouqin Township, Sandu County" by Tang Heliang talks about the marriage system, the family, and the clan [6], which introduces us to the marriage ceremony, the marriage ceremony and the funeral of the Buyi. The second point of "Survey on Ethnic Marriage Customs and Family Situation in Xiantang Township, Huishui County" talks about the marriage system [7]; Zou Xiaoxin's "Survey on the Customs of Miao and Buyei in Guangshun District, Changshun County" [8]; Tang Heliang's "Survey on the Living Customs of Buyei in Zhouqin Township, Sandu County" [9]. Survey" [8].
Second: monographs
Less monographs written on marriage alone, but in other monographs written on the marriage of the Buyi people, but a lot of information, such as; Zou Shaozhi edited the "Chinese strange marriage customs" No. 371---382 Nationalities Publishing House, published in September 2001, in which there is a "chasing the 'Bao drum'" and "Bao Drum", and "Bao Drum". The so-called chasing and beating "Bao Drum" refers to chasing and beating the man who comes to the woman to receive the bride. Chasing and playing the "Bao drum" is a very characteristic wedding custom, before the wedding, the male party should ask two young men and a girl to go to pick up the bride, called "Bao drum" and "Ya drum" (i.e., the best man and maid of honor). (i.e., the best man and the maid of honor); in addition, there are the wedding customs in Guizhou Minority Ethnic Minority Customs, edited by Li Zhaolong and Li Tinglan, Guizhou Education Publishing House, August 1995; and "Marriage, Festivals, and Burials" in Brief History of the Buyei, Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1984.160-162, by the Buyei Short History Writing Group; Huang Yiren and Wei Lianzhou's Folklore of the Buyi, Guizhou People's Publishing House, 1985.41-42;
Wang Wei, Li Dengfu, and Chen Xiuying's The Buyi Ethnic Group, Nationalities Publishing House, 1991.65-69; and Huang Yiren's A History of the Buyi, ....... >>