Iran's Khuzistan province is located in the southwest of Iran, bordering the Persian Gulf in the south and the Mesopotamian Plain of Iraq in the northwest - the famous Tigris and Euphrates River Basins, where many ancient civilizations of mankind, such as the Sumerian, Elamite, Babylonian, and Assyrian, were born, are also called the Two Rivers Basin. Euphrates flow through the lower and middle basins, also called the Two Rivers Basin, whose outlet to the sea is also halfway across this magical land of Khuzestan.
During my time in Iran, I a **** visited the Iranian province of Khuzestan twice. The first time was in the summer of 1990, not long after the end of the Iran-Iraq war and not long after I arrived in Tehran. At that time, my company formed a consortium with Capital Steel Company to negotiate with the Iranian Ministry of Industry on a project for the technological transformation of the continuous casting plant of a steel mill located in Ahvaz, the capital of Khuzestan Province. Shougang sent a high-level technical delegation of more than ten people to Tehran and then went to Ahvaz for a site visit. I, as a representative of the company, accompanied them all the way to Ahvaz. It was by airplane.
Avash bordering the Persian Gulf, is located in the two river basin, that is, the Tigris River and the Euphrates River near the mouth, was very hot, and summer, a plane, a humid and stifling to the extreme of the heat quickly wrapped up my hot, hot, so that it is difficult to breathe. I remember a person in charge of the Shougang delegation quietly said to me: here so hot, it seems that the offer has to be a little higher, at least including a little summer cooling costs, right? I looked at his face serious look, can not help but dumbfounded.
Because of the Persian Gulf, the weather is hot and humid is Khuzestan Province can not avoid the climate characteristics. However, I was surprised to see a few bearded Iranians wrapped in robes outside the hotel I was staying in, sleeping on the stone platform of the square flower bed. I don't know the exact temperature at that time, but I felt that my sweat pores were open, at least 37-38 degrees Celsius. The local people are not afraid of the heat and this can be seen.
Before going to Avas, I knew that the province of Khuzestan, Iran, is located in the Sumerian civilization of the Crescent, and there are a lot of relics of the ancient civilization, so I thought that if I had the time or the opportunity to go to these monuments, so that I could also send the feeling of thinking about the past. Unfortunately, that time to go to Awash, because almost all of the energy will be accompanied by the Shougang delegation to negotiate with the Iraqi side of the technical cooperation of the project, coupled with the Shougang engineers who are not interested in those ancient monuments, the end of the investigation on the urgent flight back to Tehran, not two days and then transfer back to Beijing to prepare for the technological transformation program to go. As a business representative of the project, I had to follow them to leave Hozestan unhappily. But a kind of regret was born in my heart.
Why do I regret that trip to Awash? To be honest, one reason is that the amazing land of Khuzestan, Iran, which is located at the mouth of the Two Rivers Basin, had a very brilliant and splendid ancient civilization and left some rare monuments. Many people do not know that long before the Achaemenid Persian dynasty (i.e., the Persian Empire, which initially built its capital in the ancient city of Susa, a place that will be mentioned later - author's note) was established by Cyrus II in the sixth century BC, i.e., more than 3,000 years ago, i.e., some 5,000 years ago, there was an even more ancient civilization in Iran - the Khuzestan civilization, which is located at the mouth of the Two Rivers Basin. Iran also has an even older civilization, the Elam Civilization, which is one of the earliest splendid civilizations of mankind after the Ancient Egyptian Civilization (there are also studies that say that the Sumerian Civilization predates the Ancient Egyptian Civilization - author's Note), along with Sumerian civilization, whose birthplace was in the Iranian province of Khuzestan. For this, I have always longed.
Aerial view of the ancient city of Susa
Secondly, and more importantly, the Kerkheh River Valley, where the Kerkheh River Dam Zero is located, the first water design project undertaken by our company in Iran, is located not far north of Ahwaz, in the province of Khuzestan. Khuzestan Province, not far north of Ahwaz. This Dam Zero is the largest dam ever constructed in Iran, with a height of 127 meters and a length of more than 3,000 meters, a clay heart-wall dam. After the construction of the dam, the reservoir can store up to more than 7 billion cubic meters of water and generate 400MW of electricity, which will also increase Iran's freshwater reserves by 30% and irrigate 340,000 hectares of farmland. It can be said that this dam is very important for Iran's urgent need for reconstruction after the Iran-Iraq war.
Partial view of the completed Karkh River Zero Dam
Tehran in the early 1990s was very short of electricity, and power outages at night were a common occurrence. In addition to buying a few rechargeable torches or portable lamps to keep at home, every time we went to the supermarket, we would buy back a big pack of candles in case of power outages at night. Not only that, but Iran's wheat production plummeted due to the lack of water (this is described in more detail in the second episode of Iranian Miscellany - author's note), which shows how important this dam was to post-war Iran.
The project was carried out by the Anhui Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Exploration and Design and the Northeast Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Exploration and Design of the Ministry of Water Resources, with Mr. Hu Jiabo, the president of the Anhui Institute, as the project manager. Mr. Hu is a respected water expert, this year he is 91 years old ( his 60th birthday was in Tehran, about Mr. Hu's story in the "I play Go in Iran" book has a more detailed account - author's note ). Mr. Hu is also my high school seniors, that is, Hefei, the predecessor of Luzhou school graduates of the early 1950s, entered the Department of Water Resources at Tsinghua University, and then stayed on as a teacher, in 1957 because of his teacher, Mr. Huang Wanli, was sentenced to the right wing of the Cultural Revolution was vindicated and served as a professor of the Department of Water Resources at Tsinghua University. All the water projects undertaken by our company in Iran are infused with Mr. Hu's heart and soul.
Iran's Karkheh River Dam No. 0 design consulting project is China's reform and opening up after the first market bidding in the international contracting of knowledge-intensive technical consulting projects, in China's foreign economic cooperation and engineering contracting history has a milestone significance. This project is also called service trade-type technology export, i.e. in addition to transferring relevant patented technology or know-how to the technology importer, the technology exporter also sends experts, scholars and engineers who have mastered the knowledge of these technologies to the host country to complete the project and is responsible for the training of local technicians. Of course, the design will fully consider the needs of the technology transferee and try to use the complete sets of equipment of the design provider. This was the case with the consulting project for the design of the Karh River Dam Zero.
Having signed several water consulting contracts during his stay in Iran and being familiar with the commercial terms of such technical consulting contracts (All the contracts signed in Iran were in both English and Farsi - author's note), there was a period of time where the Chinese were visiting Iran.
Most of the engineers working on the design consulting project for the Karh River Zero Dam were living and working in Tehran, and I always wanted to go to the site of the dam design, that is, the site of the Khuzestan dam, to increase my intuitive understanding of the project itself. I was already in Khuzestan Avas, not far from the site of the Karkh Zero dam, and I was not able to realize my desire to visit the site, so how could I not feel regret?
Well, insha'Allah. More than a year later, in the winter of 1991, the opportunity came again. For the purpose of designing, our project team had to further explore and understand the geology of the Karkh River Dam No. 0. At that time, a group of exploration engineers and technical workers and related excavation and drilling equipment came to Tehran from China, and from Tehran, they went to the site of the project, which was located in the vicinity of Ahwaz, one after another, by car or transported to the site of the project.
That day, Mr. Hu Jiabo told me that the engineers and technicians and drilling equipments of the project team for the design and exploration of the No. 0 dam on the Karkh River had arrived in Ahwaz, and that I had to go there to take a look at them, and whether you would go there or not. I immediately said, "Of course I will go. However, last time, Ambassador Hua Liming expressed to me his wish to visit the dam site, so how about asking the couple to go together? I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that," he said.
The author and his wife (first from the left and first from the right) with Ambassador and Mrs. Hu Liming (second and third from the left), Mr. Hu Jiabo (second from the right), and Mr. Tan Guobao (third from the right), photographed in the fall of 1991 in Tehran
Ambassador Liming went to Iran in the spring of 1991, succeeding Ambassador Wang Benzuo, who had gone back to his country for treatment for an illness. Mr. Hua Liming, a tall and elegant man with excellent English and Farsi, had been a contributing researcher at the China Institute of International Studies after his retirement, and often expressed his views on Iran and the Middle East on CCTV's International Watch. On that occasion, I reported the progress of the project to Ambassador Hua and proposed to invite him and his wife to visit the site of the dam project in Khuzestan. Ambassador Hua was so happy that he agreed.
Unlike the first time I traveled to Ahwaz in Khuzestan province by plane, we went there by train. The Iranian train was unique in that year, the floor of the soft sleeper compartment was actually soft, and people walked on it, as if they were walking on a Simmons bed, which made them feel very uncomfortable ( I don't know how it is now - author's note). But the train compartments were classically and beautifully decorated. The compartment my wife and I stayed in was huge, divided into inner and outer compartments, with toilets and shower rooms, just like the luxury compartment in the movie "Orient Express", elegant and cozy. I paid attention to the compartment next door to the Chinese ambassador and his wife, also the same.
I asked Mr. Hu why he bought us such a luxurious compartment. What was the point of spending that kind of money? He said that train tickets in Iran are very cheap (I can't remember the fare, but I don't think it's too high - author's note), and since Mr. and Mrs. Hua were also going there, of course they had to buy a better one. Nevertheless, Mr. Hu found a way to have the cost reimbursed by his Iranian partner as a necessary expense for the consulting project.
The other day at the Tehran train station waiting for the train happened a small thing, but also a question, always feel the need to write about it, because it has been in my heart for more than 10 years.
I remember one day 16 years ago, also during the Iranian election, the footage of Mr. Ahmadinejad, the then President of Iran, appeared on TV, and at that time, I felt that this person seemed very familiar. Later on, there were a few more occasions when I saw the honorable face of this Iranian president in various media, and the more I looked at him, the more I felt that I should have seen him somewhere before. On second thought, if it was this man, then perhaps it was the one who had met him that time while waiting for a train at the Tehran train station?
As I recall, while we were waiting at the train station that day (Ambassador Hua had not yet arrived), a few young Iranians approached us, speaking good English and being friendly. The first of them was a medium-sized man, with a not too long beard, wearing a dark gray suit without a tie, in his 30s, the appearance of a young university teacher. He introduced himself and said they were from Tehran University of Science and Technology (Tehran University of Science and Technology), and someone next to him interjected that he was our leader. After confirming that we were Chinese, he said a few polite words praising the friendship between China and Iran, and then politely shook my hand and said goodbye.
I don't remember the man's name, and I don't remember what else he said, but I remember that his handshake was quite strong and full of enthusiasm. But there was a certain ritualistic quality to the meeting, not unlike all the other encounters I've had in Iran. What's more, during the conversation, his entourage introduced him as a leader (This is the first and only time I've ever heard a foreigner introduce a native of his country in such a way--author's note), and I also felt that he did have a leader's flavor, so I had a good impression of this person and of
Later, when I saw Mr. Nejad's image on TV, I felt that he looked a little bit like the person I remembered, and they both stayed at the University of Science and Technology in Tehran, but I was not sure if he was Mr. Nejad. I have told a few friends about this 1-2 times in the past few years, but of course in a speculative tone. I thought of it again when I wrote this article, and I thought: whether it is true or not, it is better to write about it, in case it is him.
But then again, even if the man was Mr. Nejad, he may have long forgotten that meeting. Also, even if it was the young Mr. Nejad, it's disappointing that he became president and openly made ultra-nationalist statements about "wiping Israel off the map". What's more, it was during his presidency that the Iranian nuclear issue began to intensify and in June 2010 Iran was unanimously subjected to the "toughest sanctions in history" by the United Nations (China voted in favor of it that year.... Since then, the Iranian economy has been in dire straits, and the lives of the Iranian people, which had been gradually improving since the Iran-Iraq war, have been in decline and suffering.
At that time, the train in Iran was very slow, from Tehran to Avas 1,000 kilometers, the train drove about a day and a night. The train left close to noon and arrived in Avash the next morning. When I got off the train, I was suddenly surprised to find that there was a guard of honor standing neatly on the platform, consisting of more than a dozen people wearing Revolutionary Guards uniforms and holding drums in their hands, and in addition to our line of ten or so Chinese got off the train, and the doors of the other compartments were not open. I immediately reacted: it turned out that the Iranian side had prepared a formal welcoming ceremony for Ambassador Hua Liming.
After the accompanying interpreter, Mr. Tan Guobao, had a brief conversation with the welcoming officials of the Iraqi side, Ambassador Hua and his wife, Sister Ling Wenhui, led the way, side by side, in the sound of drums and music of the Iraqi side, and slowly followed the chief executive of the guard of honor. This leading executive held a command bell about 1 meter long in his hand and waved it up and down, also walking slowly in a proper step. My wife and I, along with the rest of the Chinese, followed Ambassador and Mrs. Hua side by side for several minutes before we finally made it out of the station. That welcome ceremony lasted a short while longer in the station square, and then we left in separate cars and eventually checked into one of the best hotels in the area.
I learned later that it is almost unprecedented for an ambassador to be greeted by an honor guard when he or she leaves the capital to visit another part of the country. Ambassador Hua Liming's visit to Khuzestan-Awas enjoys an almost unique state guest treatment, which seems to be a sign of how good and close the relationship between China and Iran was back then.
The accompanying interpreter, Mr. Tan Guobao, is the Persian interpreter of my office and my assistant. He is a diligent, practical and capable person, and his Persian is very good, even with a bit of Tehran's local accent (this is what several Iranian friends said - author's note). During the three years I was in Iran, Mr. Tan Guobao helped me from beginning to end, and he was credited with the signing of several engineering contracts. After I left Iran, Mr. Tan Guobao was transferred, and when I heard 10 years later that Mr. Tan Guobao was the General Manager of the Iranian branch of CNOOC, I wasn't surprised at all, and I was glad that CNOOC had seen the right person for the job. (Mr. Tan Guobao is described in detail in the book My Game in Iran. (More detailed description of Mr. Tan Guobao in the book I Played Go in Iran can be found in the author's note.)
That day we went to the site of the dam project. I accompanied Ambassador Hua to stand on the top of the hill next to the valley where the Kalkh River Zero Dam is located, and looked at the gently sloping, endless but almost grassless mountains and valleys in the northwest direction of the border with Iraq, and marveled at the fact that the ancient Persian nation was able to create such a splendid ancient civilization in such a barren place. Later, I realized that the so-called barrenness was actually a misjudgment of the descendants. 2000 years ago, the climate of this place was not like this, but very humid and warm, with abundant rainfall and fertile soil, very suitable for the growth of plants and food. Not only that, but underneath this vast and inhospitable land, Allah, or nature, had blessed Iran with immense oil and gas resources.
In 1999, people in Iran's Khuzestan Province, 80 kilometers northwest of Avas, not far from the valley where the Karkheh River Zero Dam is located, exploration and discovery of a year is considered to be the world's largest oil field - Azadegan oil field, an area of about 1,400 square kilometers, the crude oil reserves of up to 42 billion barrels, or 6 billion tons! The field covered an area of about 1,400 square kilometers and had reserves of up to 42 billion barrels or 6 billion tons of crude oil! This discovery immediately attracted the attention and coveting of many countries around the world. Japan, South Korea, and many countries in Europe began to pour into Iran in search of more oil interests.
At first, China was limited by its own foreign exchange reserves and financial resources, and did not take much initiative in the development of Iranian oil, but mainly undertook or cooperated in a variety of engineering or manufacturing projects, such as dams, small-scale complete sets of equipment, as well as the transformation of iron and steel mills and what not, in order to earn foreign exchange. By the beginning of this century, there began to automobiles and subway and other large investment projects, as well as the use of foreign exchange to buy and import large quantities of Iranian oil. For example, China's oil imports from Iran gradually grew from an initial average of tens of thousands of barrels per day to an average of 400,000 barrels of oil per day in 2007 ( At the end of 2018, China imported as much as 500,000 barrels per day of Iranian oil - author's note ). This has led to a record $30 billion in bilateral trade between China and Iran more than a decade ago, and the beginnings of very large investment interests.
By 2006, however, the picture of Chinese investment in Iran's oil industry had changed dramatically. China, whose economic power had grown dramatically after the reform and opening up, began to intervene in the Iranian oil market, which required the investment of large sums of money. At the end of that year, the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) and China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the development of the North Pars gas field.
According to Iran's Fars News Agency at the time, the project undertaken by CNPC was one of Iran's largest gas development projects and would include the development of four blocks in the southern gas field. The agreement stipulated that the gas produced from the field would be converted into liquefied natural gas and divided equally between the two parties. CNOOC will invest in the upstream and downstream areas of the gas field development project, with total investment expected to exceed $16 billion.
The North Pars gas field is located in the Persian Gulf, 85 kilometers north of the South Pars gas field, and has estimated gas reserves of 80 trillion cubic feet. It is worth noting that this MOU was negotiated and signed during Mr. Tan's tenure as General Manager of CNOOC Iran.
Later, in early 2009, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) also signed a contract with Iran for the development of the North Azadegan field, and in August of the same year, the two sides signed a memorandum of cooperation for the South Azadegan field. Not only that, CNPC in the signing of this big two months before, but also took over the French oil company Total (Total) transferred the Iranian South Pars gas field (which is also the world's largest natural gas field at that time) of the stake.
Unfortunately, by this time, Iran had already been subjected to tougher sanctions from the U.S. In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed a D'Amato Act, also known as the Iranian Sanctions Act, which for the first time prohibited any company in the world from investing in Iran's oil industry. But at that time there were no restrictions on buying Iranian oil. Later, as the Iranian nuclear issue began to fester, international calls for stronger sanctions against Iran also grew louder. At this time, many Japanese, Korean and European companies began to retreat. For example, the Azadegan oil field development project was given to Japan before that, and then Japan was forced by the pressure of the Iranian nuclear issue and gave up. The same is true of the transfer of equity by France's Total.
In fact, the Azadegan field development contract signed between CNPC and the Iranian side was not perfect, requiring the developer, that is, the Chinese company to advance all the pre-development costs ( about $ 2.5 billion, which can be seen that at that time Iran was already lacking in foreign exchange - the author's note ), *** have to exploit 185 million tons. ****The Chinese company would have to drill 185 wells, and then when the oil production reached a certain size, the Iranian side would pay the Chinese company a portion of the share of the oil in accordance with the contractual percentage. To be honest, the market value of this kind of contract is not big, there is also a big trade risk, that is, if the wells out of the oil share when the international market price of oil is very low, the Chinese side in the project may not have no income, or even loss of money. At this time, taking into account the Iranian nuclear issue and the cost of international political risk of international sanctions, CNPC did not implement. It didn't take long for Iran to take back the right to exploit the South Azadegan field from PetroChina on the pretext that PetroChina had defaulted on the contract.
Those were also the years when the hard-line President Nejad was in office. Iran faced international condemnation for its insistence on enriching uranium at nuclear weapons levels. The following year, in 2010, the UN Security Council voted unanimously to impose the "toughest" sanctions on Iran in history and to force a recalcitrant and unruly Iran back to the negotiating table. It is also interesting to say that, with such rich oil reserves, but had to develop nuclear weapons, resulting in no money to develop, at that time like to toss Iran seems to be a holding a golden doll begging for food, how to look at it is incredible.
Under the world's unanimous pressure, in 2015, including China, the six countries of the Iranian nuclear issue, the European Union and the United Nations and the Iranian side finally reached an agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue, which has come to an end. At this time, European countries such as France, Germany and Italy tried to return to the Iranian oil and gas market, and the number of Europeans visiting Khuzestan Awash began to flow and multiply again.
But the good times did not last long. Due to the insistence on the export of the Islamic revolution in the Middle East, coupled with the restructuring of U.S. policy in the Middle East, only three years after the signing of that Iranian nuclear deal, that is, in 2018, the United States actually withdrew from this Iranian nuclear deal and reintroduced the magic bullet of sanctions against Iran. This move not only gave Iran a head start, but also had a big impact on businesses in European countries. For example, France's Total renegotiated the Phase 11 project for the development of the South Pars oil and gas field with the Iranian side after the signing of the 2015 Iranian nuclear deal, but once again withdrew from the project, which had been so difficult for it to part with, three months after the U.S. withdrew from the Iranian nuclear deal.
However, Allah always seems to favor Iran. At the end of the previous year, in November 2019, just as US sanctions were in full swing, Iranian President Rouhani announced on television that another oil field with even more than 53 billion barrels of crude oil reserves, bigger than the world's largest Azadegan field that year, had been discovered in the southwestern Iranian province of Khuzestan, saying that it was "a good gift from the government to the people ". This oil field covers an area of 2,400 square kilometers and its depth is only about 80 meters. The discovery of this large oil field is indeed a good gift, but how can Iran, which is under sanctions and has no foreign exchange funds, realize it?
But on that day in the winter of 1991, we stood on a hillside near the Zero Dam on the Karkh River in Khuzestan and saw nothing but desolation. In our best imaginations back then, that place was at best a blue artificial lake that might appear after the dam was completed and filled with water. How could we have known that just 7-8 years later the largest oil fields in the world, and more than one in a row, would be discovered underneath this vast expanse of desolation? Hozestan, you are truly a magical land!
The wonders of Khuzestan don't stop there. That time in Awash, I finally found a free time, the dam project team borrowed a car from the Iraqi side, and Tan took turns driving, with my wife and Mr. and Mrs. Hu Jiabo, to the nearby Elam civilization and the remains of the ancient Persian civilization can be found in a short but also very rare search. Our first visit was to the ancient city of Susa.
The ancient city of Susa is called Shushan in the Bible. It's a beautiful name. It is said to be nearly 6,000 years old, more than 3,000 years before the founding of Persia by Cyrus II. It was once an important holy city of the Elamite civilization, rich and grand. Herodotus, the father of history, once said, "Whoever possesses the riches of Susa can compete with Zeus for wealth." The famous Code of Hammurabi (issued in 1800 B.C., unearthed in 1901, and now in the Louvre, France - author's note) was also unearthed here. However, when we went there, Susa was a small, run-down town, probably because of the just-ended Iran-Iraq war, and the population was only 20-30,000, which was much less, like a big village.
Author admiring Yuan blue and white porcelain in Susa Museum, 1991
Due to time constraints, we only visited the Susa Museum when we were here. This museum is very simple, as far as I remember, there are only a few small exhibition rooms, but the collection is very rich, a lot of colored pottery, bronze and cuneiform chiseled stone tablets from the Elamite period. When we visited, there was also a window filled with many pieces of the rarest and most expensive Yuan blue and white porcelain in China. However, these Yuan blue and white porcelain treasures have never been mentioned in any of the travelogues written by Chinese visiting this museum in Khuzestan, Iran in recent years. I wonder if the museum is aware of its preciousness and has deliberately collected them? Or have they been sold to Chinese collectors? Also do not know why?
About 30 kilometers southeast of the ancient city of Susa, Tchogha Zanbil pyramid complex (Tchogha Zanbil) was built in 1250 BC, also belongs to the Elamite period, most of the building is severely damaged, the existing sacrificial temple site only 2 ? floors, about 25 meters high, which means that this may be 7-story stepped pyramid original height of at least 60-70 meters. meters. The main building materials were mud bricks or burnt bricks, on which a large number of cuneiform inscriptions still exist. Both the shape and materials are similar to the earliest masonry pyramid of ancient Egypt at Segara, only about 1500 years later.
Ruins of the Pyramid of Chogha Zembir
The Pyramid of Chogha Zembir is also one of the few remaining pyramid-shaped shrines outside of Mesopotamia. More than a decade ago it was reported that archaeologists had discovered 88 bricks with cuneiform inscriptions inside Iran's famous Jogha Zanbir shrine. These bricks all belong to the Elam period (3400 BC to 550 BC) of ancient Iran. In other words, these cuneiform inscriptions are at least as old as the oracle bone inscriptions of Yinxu, if not older. Now I don't know whether these cuneiform characters have been deciphered or not. And, if they were, what did they say?
Ancient cuneiform writing on the walls of the ruins of Jogazanbeer
As I write this, this article is coming to an end, and I wonder if I have recounted anything about the wonders of the land of Khuzestan, Iran. About 5-6 years ago, Mr. Tan Guobao had invited us to return to Tehran. Both Mr. Hu Jiabo and I wanted to take that opportunity to go back to the magical land of Khuzestan to have a closer look. Unfortunately, we could not make the trip for some reasons. The magical Khuzestan still exists in my memories of those nearly thirty years ago, and it makes me long for ......
Ban Gu of the Han Dynasty said in his "Xidu Fugue" that he set forth nostalgia for old times, and sent out his feelings of thinking about the ancient times. However, both nostalgia and contemplation of the past require time and mood. Like we were in the work of the year as a hasty tour, in any case, it is very difficult to have any deep feelings.
To be honest, it is to this day, people are also old, and because of the epidemic is always at home, rarely or very difficult to travel around the world again. This time I have time to adjust the mood to write this memoir-style series of articles "Iran Miscellany", trying to describe the magic of this piece of land in Iran Hozestan, and at the same time trying to let himself really appreciate what is "set forth nostalgia of the stored thoughts, send the ancient feelings".