1. On March 24th, 1927, the "March 24th" massacre occurred in Nanjing (Nanjing Massacre)
On March 24th, 1927, British and American warships shelled Nanjing, which was one of the crimes of imperialist intervention in China's revolution during the Northern Expedition. When the Northern Expeditionary Army marched into the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 1927, the United States, Britain, France, Italy, Japan and other countries increased their troops in Shanghai and mobilized warships to threaten the Nanjing River in an attempt to stop the development of the revolution.
On 24th, Cheng Qian led the Sixth Army and the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army, which were led and fought by the * * * Party members. After defeating hundreds of thousands of enemy troops, they occupied Nanjing. That night, the British and American imperialists ordered the shelling of Nanking on the pretext that the expatriates and consulates had been "invaded by mobs", killing and injuring more than 2, soldiers and civilians in China, and destroying countless houses and property, resulting in a large-scale bloody case. After the incident.
Britain, the United States and other countries continue to send more troops to China, but at the same time, they demand unreasonable punishment, wanted and compensation from China. While Chiang Kai-shek sent envoys to Nanking and other countries' consuls to dredge them up, and ordered that Li Fuchun and Lin Boqu, directors of the Political Department of the Sixth and Second Armies, be wanted. This incident is a signal of imperialist armed intervention in the China revolution, and it is also an important step for Chiang Kai-shek to accelerate collusion with imperialism and betray the revolution.
2. On July 22, 1928, Peng Dehuai and others launched the Pingjiang Uprising
On July 22, 1927, a section of the Kuomintang stationed in Pingjiang and other places in Hunan, under the leadership of the * * * production party in China, held an uprising, namely the Pingjiang Uprising. In the spring of 1928, our party secretly established its own organization in the Kuomintang Hunan Independent Fifth Division, and Peng Dehuai, head of the first regiment of the division, also joined the * * * production party at this time. Soon, the fifth independent division was transferred to Pingjiang area to undertake the task of "clearing".
Pingjiang is located at the junction of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces and has the tradition of revolutionary struggle. As early as the Great Revolution, the workers' and peasants' movement in Pingjiang was surging, and it was one of the famous revolutionary areas in the province. After the defeat of the Great Revolution, the struggle here still didn't stop. Under the leadership of the county party committee, the masses organized an interim government and volunteers to fight resolutely against the reactionaries.
in early July, Teng Daiyuan was appointed by China's Hunan province to the border area of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi to restore the special committee on the border area of Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi, and got in touch with the Party organization of the fifth independent division to prepare for an uprising when necessary. In mid-July, the enemy discovered that Huang Gonglue, the battalion commander of the third regiment of the fifth independent division, was made in party member, and ordered his immediate arrest. In this emergency, Peng Dehuai, Teng Daiyuan and other leaders led the first regiment to revolt at Pingjiang on 22nd.
this morning, Peng Dehuai called a meeting of the officers of the whole regiment to mobilize the uprising. Immediately according to the deployment, while the enemy was taking a nap, the troops destroyed the reactionary military and political organs in Pingjiang County, wiped out the rebellious enemies and rescued more than 5 workers and peasants in prison. In less than an hour and a half, the uprising troops occupied the whole county.
Later, He Guozhong led more than 1 students with the school from Yueyang to Pingjiang, where they joined a group successfully. Huang Gonglue took the 3rd Regiment and 3rd Battalion, which had been uprising the day before, from Chiayi to Wuli, Pingjiang City. The uprising troops were reorganized into the 13th Division of the Fifth Army of the Red Army, with more than 2, people, with Peng Dehuai as the commander and teacher, and Teng Daiyuan as the party representative of both the Army and the Division.
3. February 1st, 1923 Erqi Tragedy
The Erqi Tragedy refers to the bloody event that Wu Peifu, a direct warlord of Beiyang Government, suppressed the strike of Beijing-Han railway workers on February 7th, 1923. The "February 27" strike took place when the people of China rebelled against the cruel rule of imperialism and feudal warlords, and the workers' movement in China turned from an economic struggle for a better life to a political struggle for freedom.
On February 1st, 1923, representatives of trade unions at various stations of Jinghan Railway held the inaugural meeting of the Federation of Trade Unions in Zhengzhou. Wu Peifu abandoned the mask of "protecting labor", ordered the military and police to obstruct and destroy it by force, and closed the Federation of Trade Unions. The Federation of Trade Unions immediately organized 2, workers in the whole station to hold a general union strike, and moved the Federation of Trade Unions to Wuhan Jiang 'an office. On February 4, the general strike began, and the workers at all stations acted in unison.
All passenger cars and trucks on the whole line were stopped, and the Jinghan line, which was more than a thousand kilometers long, was immediately paralyzed. Chairman of Jiang 'an Branch of Jinghan Railway Federation of Trade Unions, Lin Xiangqian of party member, picket leader and Zeng Yuliang of party member, led the workers to smash the warlord's plot to sabotage the strike. On February 6th, legal adviser of Hubei Federation of Trade Unions and Jinghan Railway Federation of Trade Unions, Shiyang, party member, was produced by * * *.
More than 2, representatives from various trade unions in Wuhan were mobilized to go to Jiang 'an to offer condolences, and more than 1, railway workers held rallies and demonstrations. On February 7, Cao Kun and Wu Peifu sent a large number of military and police to carry out bloody repression in Changxindian, Zhengzhou and Wuhan Jiang 'an, respectively. More than 4 workers were killed, more than 2 people were injured, more than 6 people were arrested and more than 1, people were fired.
Lin Xiangqian, Shi Yang, chairman of the Jinghan Railway Federation of Trade Unions and Shi Wenbin, a native of party member, were all arrested. After Lin Xiangqian was arrested, he refused to order him to return to work and died generously. Shi Yang was also killed in Wuchang. This tragedy exposed the brutality of the warlords and showed the revolutionary firmness and organizational discipline of the working class in China.
4. September 18th Incident, 1931
The September 18th Incident (also known as the Fengtian Incident and the Liutiaohu Incident) was a war of aggression against China deliberately created and launched by Japan in the northeast of China, and it was the beginning of Japanese imperialist aggression against China. On the night of September 18th, 1931, under the arrangement of the Japanese Kwantung Army, the railway "garrison" blew up the track of Nanman Railway near Shenyang Liutiao Lake (built by China and later occupied by Japan), and planted it on the Japanese army.
The Japanese used this as an excuse to shell Shenyang Beidaying for the "September 18th Incident". The next day, the Japanese army invaded Shenyang and successively invaded the three northeastern provinces. In February 1932, the whole northeast fell. Since then, Japan has established the puppet regime of Manchukuo in the northeast of China, and began to enslave and colonize the northeast people for 14 years.
The September 18th Incident was the inevitable result of Japanese imperialism's long-term policy of aggression and expansion against China, and it was also an important step taken in an attempt to turn China into its exclusive colony. At the same time, it marked the beginning of the world anti-fascist war and opened the prelude to the eastern battlefield of World War II.
5. The Long March from October 1934 to October 1936.
in October p>1934, after the failure of the fifth counter-campaign against encirclement and suppression, the Red Army, the main force of the central government, was forced to carry out a strategic shift, withdraw from the central base area and carry out the Long March in order to get rid of the encirclement and pursuit of Kuomintang troops.
The Long March is a great miracle in human history. The Central Red Army fought more than 38 times and captured more than 7 county towns. The Red Army sacrificed more than 43 cadres at or above the battalion level, with an average age of less than 3 years. * * * defeated hundreds of regiments of the Kuomintang army, during which * * * passed through 14 provinces, climbed over 18 mountains, crossed 24 rivers and crossed grassland.
The Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi in October 1935 and joined forces with the Red Army in northern Shaanxi. In October 1936, the Red Second and Fourth Army arrived in Huining, Gansu, and joined forces with the Red Army. The three main forces of the Red Army joined forces, marking the victory of the Long March.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Nanjing Massacre
Baidu Encyclopedia-Pingjiang Uprising
Baidu Encyclopedia-Erqi Massacre
Baidu Encyclopedia-September 18th Incident
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