Zhu Shazhi is from Zhang Ailing's novel Red Rose and White Rose. "Maybe every man has had two such women, at least two. Married a red rose, over time, the red has become a touch of mosquito blood on the wall, and the white is still the moonlight in front of the window; Married a white rose, the white one is a grain of rice stuck on the clothes, and the red one is Zhu Shazhi in my heart. ? "
At first, most men like elegant and beautiful white roses, whose bright fragrance is like Leng Xue in the mountains, and it is worth paying a lifetime price to get lost in this cold water. ? However, after being intoxicated and ecstatic, men gradually became dissatisfied. He began to want a happy and gorgeous dream, enchanting and colorful, swaying in the dusk of the month. Red roses are fragrant, spicy and charming.
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I. Introduction of Red Rose and White Rose
Red Rose and White Rose is a popular novella among Zhang Ailing's many works. The author depicts the secret psychology and complex of ordinary people with exquisite brushwork, shows people's emotion and marriage life when Chinese and Western cultures met in China in 1930s and 1940s, and reveals the tragic life that women can't get rid of in the patriarchal society under the integration of tradition and modernity. The book contains short stories and stories written by Zhang Ailing from 1944 to 1947, including more than ten works such as When I was Young and Flowers Withered.
Second, appreciation of the works of red roses and white roses
1, theme idea
First love, lover and wife have a far-reaching influence on Zhen Bao. Zhang Ailing reflects the miniature of petty bourgeoisie life and human emotional needs through delicate and complicated interpersonal relationships and psychological descriptions. The novel does not make a strict value judgment on the two kinds of women, namely "red rose" and "white rose", but only reveals their own living conditions and describes their own emotional experiences in the development of very ordinary stories, and shows their living dilemma in a patriarchal society in these living conditions and emotional experiences.
The root cause of this dilemma is not only the two heroines' own reasons, but also the social background at that time and the deep-rooted male chauvinism in the hearts of the heroines. At that time, China was still a time when feudal cultural traditions were deeply rooted, and male chauvinism was still the dominant consciousness of society. Under the guidance of this consciousness, once a woman threatens the authority of a man, she will be punished. Wang He and Meng are the victims of this unfair treatment.
Although there were also women who tried to break through the shackles of tradition. They went to new foreign schools, wore new clothes, and went in and out of major communication places to fight for their due rights and interests. However, gender still hinders their real progress, just like Jiao Rui bravely pursues their true love in her works, but they can't really break through the traditional bondage, which is still unacceptable. Men always impose their moral restrictions and personality restrictions on women, which makes them
2. Artistic skills
(1) Selection and Focus
Stylistic style is the result of choice, and unconventional choice can also reflect the author's style. Extraordinary choices can achieve extraordinary results and attract people's attention. Choice theory or frame theory provides a good foundation for expressing the author's style. Selection or framing is actually a prominent process. The author chooses a thing, enlarges it or depicts and describes it in detail, making it stand out from many things or from the background. This process itself is a process of style expression.
In Zhang Ailing's novels, the unique image choice is the most effective means to embody Zhang Ailing's style. The important value of literary works lies in the breakthrough and the establishment of a benchmark flag image. When describing Jiao Rui's anxiety about waiting for treasures, Zhang Ailing described it this way: there was a little irony in her tone.
"You know what? Every day I sit here and wait for you to come back, listening to the elevator workers drive slowly, come up, drive past our floor and drive up. It's like I lifted my heart and couldn't let it go. Sometimes, I stop before I get to this floor, and I feel that I can't breathe in the middle. " It is the first time in the history of literature to express the feeling of waiting for love by listening to the voice of the elevator in life. The up, down and in place of the elevator represent different degrees of love respectively.
The elevator goes too far, indicating that the passion of feelings has passed, or love has ended, so the heart will always be concerned and will never let go; The elevator is not in place, indicating that the relationship has not reached the corresponding temperature, which may expire because of expectation. Here, the author makes the abstract feelings of waiting tangible.
The choice of elevator vividly expresses the author's mood of waiting for love. Since ancient times, there have been many metaphors about love, such as lovebirds, lotus branches, water lily leaves, red beans, red leaves, mandarin ducks and spring silk quilts, until they died, but no one ever chose the elevator to express their love.
The choice of unique image is the most basic cognitive structure, which comes from the basic experience of daily life and plays an important role in the mapping of people's conceptual domain. Feelings from the side of life can make some illusory feelings audible, visible, audible, tangible, vivid and impressive.
(2) Deviation means
(A) font deviation
In English, writing variation mainly includes the change of letter case and the use of special symbols. In Chinese, Chinese characters are often used to make a fuss. Chinese characters are hieroglyphics, and their structure, connotation and extension reflect China people's cognition, abstraction, generalization and synthesis of things, which is the materialization of people's cognition of the world. People often make use of the characteristics of Chinese characters, make ingenious ideas and vivid imagination, and create many anecdotes about Chinese characters.
In Red Rose and White Rose, Zhang Ailing embodies her profound cultural background. When Wang wrote his name, he deliberately wrote "Rui" into pieces, and the three hearts were written in three words, indicating that the three atria could live with different people, indicating that "Rui" was a playboy. However, the novel does not just stay on this plane to explain the meaning of "Rui". In the subsequent description, the novel further explains these three hearts.
Jiao Rui said to Zhenbao, "My heart is an apartment." Zhenbao asked, "Is there a room for rent?" And said, "I want to live in a single building." Jiao Rui said: "Look at your ability to tear it down and build it again!" And said, "The house you want has been built." Zhen Xuan wrote a line: "I am happy when my heart is fulfilled."
Nouns such as empty house, apartment house, single building, rebuilt house, built house, and living in the heart are used here, as well as verbs such as rent, live, tear down, want, build, and complete, indicating that different house types express the process of building feelings between lovers. Through the intertextuality of the word "Rui" in the context, we can get unexpected new ideas and give readers a sense of freshness.
(B) the deviation of pronouns
In the actual communication process, language is inseparable from the psychological factors of both sides. In order to express feelings, pronouns often deviate from their regular usage. Red Rose and White Rose skillfully use the deviation between "us" and "them". Zhen Xuan called Wang Shihong and Jiao Rui "them", while Wang Shihong said, "Don't call me" them "!
Because "they overseas Chinese, China people also have disadvantages, and foreigners also have disadvantages." "They" and "We" here reflect the process of identity construction. The opposition between "us" and "them" is actually a conflict of values, a conflict of civilizations and a conflict of nations. "We" refers to "China people" and "they" refers to "foreigners".
Treasure thinks that Jiao Rui is a foreigner, while Jiao Rui prefers to think that he is from China. From the cognitive point of view, the use of "they" or "we" reflects the psychological cognitive distance. "They" reflect "heterogeneous" others, and "we" reflect "self" us. Strangers are the eternal theme in Zhang Ailing's novels. In this novel, the difference between the two pronouns reflects a strong national view and a stranger's perspective.
(3) Deviate from "He"
The object referred to by pronouns is vague, so it is necessary to find its corresponding relationship in the overall context of the text. At the same time, the pronoun "he" also has the cohesive function and demonstrative function of the text. Jiao Rui liked treasures at first, so she skillfully used the fuzziness of pronouns to enhance her feelings with treasures.
When Treasure came home, he heard Jiao Rui call Mimi and say, "Wait for a boyfriend at home" and said, "Who is he? Don't tell you. " What does "boyfriend" mean? Who is he referring to? Is it a treasure? Or rice? It is ambiguous. Some people say that ambiguity is the greatest charm of love. Zhang Ailing once said that the love you don't love will never go bad, so we flirt, we are ambiguous, but we will never fall in love.
Here, Zhang Ailing deliberately uses pronoun ambiguity to create ambiguity and tease Zhen Xuan's desire. The reference of "He" is vague, which shows the referential function of personal pronouns. This paper makes full use of the ambiguity caused by the ambiguity of pronoun reference, which not only enhances Zhen Bao's curiosity and challenge, but also arouses Zhen Bao's lust.
The target varies with the speaker, speaking time and speaking place. Therefore, a reference is a context-dependent reference. He believes that the reference and usage of personal pronouns are not simple and clear, and sometimes some phenomena that look abnormal from the semantic point of view can only be explained from the pragmatic point of view with the help of context. The process of determining pronoun object is the process of eliminating deviation.
(D) Deviate from the meaning of words
The expression of word meaning includes conventional meaning and variant meaning. When the meaning of a word deviates from the conventional expression and gains new meaning, it will also produce novel effects. This deviation from language gives language life. In the novel, when Zhenbao suggested going to the movies, Zhenbao asked Jiao Rui, "What do you need feet for?" Jiao Rui replied: "Chasing you!" The function of feet, originally used for walking, has now become a tool for pursuing love. This is actually a leap in the field of word meaning.
Treasure said to Jiao Rui, who hasn't seen you for a long time, "I thought you melted like sugar!" "Jiao Rui asked," Am I that sweet? " ZhenBao boldly replied, "I haven't tasted it. "This is actually a synaesthesia metaphor. Synaesthesia is essentially a linguistic phenomenon, which expresses the impression of one sensory category on things by another, and it is also a cognitive way, which is restricted by cognitive laws.
It is the mapping of the characteristics of the senses from the lower senses to the higher senses, and from the concept with strong popularity to the concept with weak popularity, and its psychological basis is the abstract image schema. This deviation breaks through the pragmatic rules through the extraordinary collocation of language, which has a meaningful effect, and the expansion and change of the word meaning usage field makes people feel fresh.
Fresh and unique, intriguing and unexpected. This deviation takes advantage of the fuzziness of word meaning and the possibility of choice. In the process of choice, it deviates from the basic meaning and chooses the non-basic meaning, which is a partial deviation from the word meaning, thus showing the amazing tension of language.
(E) Deviation from subjectivity
Subjectivity is an important concept in narratology. Subjectivity refers to the ability of the subject to strive for and exercise his rights. "Man's subjectivity is the qualitative stipulation of man as the subject of activity, and it is the characteristic of consciousness, autonomy, initiative and creativity developed by man in the interaction with the object." Agent is an important concept in linguistics, which refers to the sender of action. "The agent is the subject connected with the dynamic core in the dynamic core structure composed of action verbs."
In Red Rose and White Rose, there are several places that describe crying. At first, all the crying themes were women, including Jiao Rui's crying and Yan Gu's crying, but in the end, the hero in the novel Zhenbao cried the most. This is a sharp irony that everything is right and everything can be mastered by oneself, and it is also a sharp irony that men dominate the world.
In the novel, Jiao Rui and Yan Gu had no subjectivity in love and marriage at first. Zhang Ailing once said: "For most women,' love' means' being loved'." However, after the hardships of life, both Jiao Rui and Yan Zhi highlighted the subjectivity of striving for personal independence and publicizing the freedom of marriage and love. They make decisions and try to realize themselves.
Zhenbao was the master of life at first, hoping to grasp life through his own efforts, but fate played a joke on him. In the end, when the red rose became a "good wife", the white rose dared to pursue her own love, and the treasure lost its subjectivity. This change determines that the value of this novel lies not only in deconstruction, but also in construction, that is, while deconstructing male hegemony, it establishes a brand-new gender identity of women and seeks to construct a female self different from male subjectivity.
(6) Deviate from the story structure.
The deviation between reality and experience is used in the novel. Zhen Xuan had two experiences on the empirical level: the first time was a prostitute in Paris, who spent money on her but could not be her master, which made him have the most shameful experience; One is his first girlfriend, and the other is a girl named Ross, which earned him the reputation of Liu Xiahui. Zhenbao in life can't stand the temptation of red roses, but she gave up this relationship for her own reputation.
He couldn't stand the lack of the inanimate body of smoked birds and turned to other temptations. This is the deviation between life level and experience level, which leads to defamiliarization. The second is the deviation between the ideal level and the realistic level. In the novel, the deviation between the realistic level and the ideal level is used. The ideal level is the yearning and pursuit for the future society and its own development. The ideal of protecting the town at the ideal level embodies the dreams of almost all men, one is his white rose and the other is his red rose.
One is a holy wife and the other is a warm mistress. I want to have both. However, the reality of the treasure is that the once-abandoned fiery mistress has become a good wife and a good mother, living a happy life, and the pure wife who married home has an affair with others. Zhenbao marveled at the complete subversion of the ideal of life and the rigid ideal society of men. This is a deviation from the ideal level in reality, which leads to defamiliarization.
The third is the deviation between sensory and psychological levels. In the novel, red roses and white roses are compared with real characters Jiao Rui and Chimonanthus praecox. The gorgeous, bright red and romantic flavor of the plant "red rose" is in sharp contrast with Jiao Rui's stunning, charming and modern temperament. The monotonous, pale and lifeless smell of the plant "White Rose" is in sharp contrast with the cold, dull and lifeless temperament of Chimonanthus praecox.
This is the fusion of two different fields. Love and marriage belong to the level of human existence and emotional experience, while "red rose" and "white rose" belong to the plant series and belong to the visual attention level. Here, the image schema at the emotional level is transformed into visual appreciation and feeling at the sensory level, which leads to the deviation between "seeing" and "feeling", produces strong defamiliarization, opens up people's various sensory hearts and completes the communication of different feelings, thus forming a cross-space mapping between the two spaces.
Baidu Encyclopedia: Red Rose and White Rose