Lyrics:
In order to rescue Li Lang, who is expected to be the top scholar in the imperial examination, from his home,
The champion of middle school wears a red robe and a hat with palace flowers. Wow, that's fresh.
I have also been to Qionglin Banquet and Cocoon Street.
Everyone praised me for Pan An's appearance, but the gauze hat looked like wow, like Chanjuan.
I didn't win the first prize of fame or the first prize of senior officials.
For the affectionate Li Gongzi, the husband and wife love each other for a full moon.
I didn't win the first prize of fame or the first prize of senior officials.
For the affectionate Li Gongzi, the husband and wife love each other for a full moon.
The aria of Huangmei Opera belongs to plate variation, which has three major cavity systems: coloratura, coloratura and main melody. Coloratura mainly plays a small play, with healthy and simple tunes, beautiful and cheerful, and a strong flavor of life and folk songs.
Multicolored tunes are cheerful and have been widely used in colorful operas. Huangmei Opera is a traditional theme in the original drama, which is divided into Pinghua, Huogong, two lines and three lines. Among them, Pinghua is the most important aria in the original work, and its tunes are solemn, graceful and generous.
Huangmei Opera is famous for its strong lyricism, rich charm, simple and fresh singing, delicate and touching, lively and lyrical, rich expressive force and easy to understand, and is deeply loved by people everywhere.
In terms of music accompaniment, in the early Huangmei Opera, three people played percussion instruments such as drums, cymbals, small gongs and big gongs at the same time and participated in the entertainment, which was called "three strikes and seven sings". After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Huangmei Opera formally established an accompaniment system with Gao Hu as the main instrument.
Huangmei opera is euphemistic and fresh, which can be divided into two categories: coloratura and Pingci. Coloratura is mainly used to perform small plays, full of rich flavor of life and folk songs, and uses "household house", "food que" and other "lining words". There are lovers watching lights, blue bridge meeting, and beating pig grass. Pingci is the most important aria in the original drama, which is often used for long narrative and lyric. It sounds euphemistic and melodious, including butterfly lovers and Fairy Couple.
Modern Huangmei Opera enhances the expressive force of "Pingci" singing in music. Pingci is often used for lyric and narrative, and is the main singing of the original drama. It broke through the limitations of some "coloratura" special play, absorbed the musical elements such as folk songs, and created a new cavity that was integrated with traditional singing. Huangmei Opera, with Gao Hu as the main accompaniment instrument, supplemented by other national musical instruments and gongs and drums, is suitable for performing plays with various themes.
First, sing:
There are three forms of singing in Huangmei Opera: main tune, coloratura and tri-tune (collectively called "colorful tune", "fairy tune" and "Yin Si tune").
The main theme of Huangmei Opera:
The main cavity is the most dramatic and expressive cavity system in the traditional singing of Huangmei Opera. It is based on the principle of plate-shaped variant (or plate cavity) as the music structure, which is the main feature that distinguishes it from the "flower cavity" of Qupai couplet (or Qupai body) and the "three cavities" with institutional characteristics.
The main theme does not mean that it will always be the main theme in all the plays of Huangmei Opera. In fact, coloratura plays basically don't need the main cavity, and some big plays don't need the main cavity either. This chamber system is called the main chamber because of its musical form and musical expression function. In addition, judging from the development history of Huangmei opera music, the main cavity is later than the coloratura and the three cavities.
This development process coincides with the development of the repertoire from one-man show, two mini-plays, three mini-plays to series, which can finally play the whole drama. Therefore, it can be considered that the main melody is the product of Huangmei opera's development to a mature stage. Its appearance marks the determination of the basic style of Huangmei opera music.
The coloratura of Huangmei Opera:
Huangmei Opera originated from folk songs and dances. The source of the excitement of Huangmei Opera is the labor songs of the villagers in the mountains, the alley songs known to women and children, and the songs and dances in the Lantern Festival fire. Huangmei Opera, in the process of forming the first stage achievement-two plays and three plays, also formed a "coloratura" cavity system with more than 100 ditties.
Coloratura comes from folk songs, but its function is not the same as folk songs. It stepped onto the stage from Tian Tou, from casual singing to designated drama situation, conveying the voice of the role. The coloratura minor we see today, no matter how similar it is to folk songs, has indeed experienced the polishing of dramatic waves, has some characteristics of dramatic music, and is a folk song-style qupai system.
1. Artistic features of coloratura:
The artistic characteristics of coloratura are manifested in the bright mode color, concise expression technique, rhythmic dance, colloquial melody lines, interspersed lyrics structure and so on.
Flower cavity is a cavity system with rich patterns. There are typical pentatonic palace, quotient, horn, horn and feather modes, as well as pentatonic scale and six modes using partial tones. Different timbres of coloratura will not lead to great contrast in expression. No matter the style of Gong Diao in major or the style of feather, horn and tune in minor, it is not used to express high spirits, heroism and fortitude, but also to express sadness and powerlessness.
Driven by the rhythm, in the ups and downs of melody lines, full of joy and banter. It seems that everything is transparent and optimistic, and the complex model just adds color. The expression tendency of coloratura, seeking lightness instead of weight, and optimism without falling into the stable Tang Dynasty have become the basic qualities that Huangmei opera music and even the whole Huangmei opera art have to pay attention to.
The simplicity of expression and expression is also a feature of coloratura. Judging from the lyrics, material romance is good at quick wit. For example, in Escape from Water Shortage, a small bamboo pole is three feet long and several copper coins jingle. The name is lotus box. In the lovers' watching lights, the eldest son came to see the lights, so crowded that his head stuck out.
The dwarf came to see the light. He squatted in the net. The fat man came to see the lamp, and he was so crowded that he sweated. The thin man came to see the lamp and huddled with him "are all examples." From the musical point of view, simple music, natural language, intensive text arrangement and catchy melody are both simple and generous.
The rhythm of coloratura has the rhythm of national dance. Accompanied by gongs and drums, there is a smooth "long hammer", and the five rivers are one after another. The "two hammers", "four hammers" and "six hammers" of coloratura cling to all parts of the aria, or make the head or door irresistible to both performers and audiences.
The melody line of coloratura is very colloquial. It not only conforms to the tone value of local dialect, but also expresses the stress of gong and the language potential of people deliberately emphasizing a word when they speak.
More than 100 tunes with coloratura come from many places, such as Lotus in the north, Fengyang Qu and Flower Tune in the south of the Yangtze River. In the process of evolution, the variation caused by language factors is very obvious. Therefore, the colloquialism of coloratura melody is an important link to unify coloratura style.
Coloratura often uses interlining in lyrics, and some tunes even have the phenomenon of "putting the cart before the horse", such as "playing with water". The vivid words are only 20 words: "Walk out the door and look up, three roads go in the middle, my little love song", and with the mezzanine, it becomes "Walk out the door and look up, three roads are hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey.
It should be noted that many coloratura words are an indispensable part of the tune, which expands the musical structure and enriches the short tunes of two sentences and three sentences. The non-ideographic nature of the mezzanine leaves a blank for the singer, who can dye his recognized emotions at will. Of course, it is difficult to capture the meaning of easy-to-understand words with too many interlinear words, which goes without saying.
2. The usage of coloratura:
Observe the usage of coloratura from two angles, one is the relationship between coloratura and drama, string drama and drama, the other is the change of coloratura ditties and the relationship between ditties.
Coloratura is closely related to traditional Chinese opera, which is almost synonymous with traditional Chinese opera. In the small play, coloratura is mostly dedicated to special songs, such as "beating pig grass", "opposing flowers" and "beating pig grass", "opening the door", "watching lights" and "lovers watching lights" and so on. The use of coloratura in string plays is similar to that in small plays. In the play, coloratura is just an episode.
The change of a tune in coloratura itself is mainly the change of melody line. This change often happens when the actors in short plays or string plays use music. For example, Tao Jinhua's performance on the stage is slightly different from Jin's singing on the stage. The female voice moves within an octave, often colliding with the highest sound at the beginning of the phrase, and the melody is lively and smooth; The male voice avoids the high notes of the female voice and moves within six degrees, making the melody lines more angular.
Coloratura belongs to Qupai couplets. It is common for a play to use 1~2 coloratura ditty (10% discount for short plays or string plays). These ditties use the prototype, but they also produce some variants, which are unfolded on the melody or plate. For example, the first half of "Beating Pig Grass" is "Beating Pig Grass", and there are differences between men and women in melody. The second half is "flower tone". At first, men and women sang in chorus, and later it developed into "tune to the board between flowers"
Coloratura occasionally uses the main cavity in the play. For example, after "adjusting the pattern and adjusting the board", it suddenly ends with "flat-cut board". But more often, the coloratura and the coloratura in the three cavities are combined into one. For example, the short play "Couples Watching Lights" uses a five-tone tone at the beginning, followed by a five-tone "opening tone", which is dominated by female tones.
Later, the "good start" itself produced plate changes, forming two different "good start plates". When "this group of lights passed by and another group of lights came from that carriage", the variation of "color cavity" was combined with "opening the door" to form a "sightseeing tone" with changing tonality, and then "color cavity boarding" was introduced to expand the genre and strongly maintain the tone color and tonality of the color cavity, and the whole play finally ended in the color cavity of male and female chorus. The color setting cavity factor is A, the door opening factor is B, and the combination of the two is C. The bold line change of "Lovers Watching Lights" is A-B-C-A-C-A, and the structural technique of concentrated materials and proper comparison is still an excellent tradition that cannot be ignored.
3. The dramatic musical features of coloratura
The dramatic musical characteristics of coloratura are manifested in the awakening of role consciousness and the use of plate means.
If the typical "this one" music image is positioned at the highest level of traditional Chinese opera music performance, then the stylized professional singing is in the middle, and the product of the initial emergence of role consciousness-the simple separation of men and women is at the lowest level. The motive for this distinction is obvious, that is, to let people hear the gender of the role from the music.
The penetration of plate change into coloratura leads to the further appearance of dramatic music characteristics. For example, "Duihuadao", "Open Door Tone" and "Autumn Yukikaze Tone" all evolved into opposite forms, which enhanced the narrative function of coloratura. In addition, the rolling tune, which is considered as the main feature of Qingyang Opera, also enters the coloratura in the form of rolling board. For example, if the "open-door tune" is inserted into the rolling plate singing in an orderly way, the music will have a contrast between density and speed, and the dramatic performance will be strengthened.
Three-cavity Huangmei opera;
Three cavities are the general name of three cavities: color cavity, fairy cavity and yin cavity.
These three holes have many similarities. First of all, the three-cavity music system combines the factors of Qupai style and banqiang, showing a state of "quasi-banqiang". There is a basic cavity in each of the three cavities, and the colorful cavity and the fairy cavity are four sentences. Their word position arrangement, complex sentence position and usage of gongs and drums are relatively fixed, which has a sense of freeze-frame of Qupai style.
However, each cavity of the three cavities derives a pair of plates or several plates, which also forms some supplementary cavity sentences. So the three cavities also have the characteristics of plate cavities. Secondly, in the aspect of male-female separation, the three-cavity is not only different from the transposition connection of the male-female cavity in the main cavity, but also different from the singing method of the male-female cavity in most coloratura ditties, except that the male-female cavity is quite different in melody and easy to distinguish. Furthermore, in terms of drama performance function, Sanqiang has both lyric and narrative performance ability.
The top three are sisters with different tastes, and their differences are also obvious. For example, the sources of the three cavities are different. Color tone, also known as "big color tone", evolved from coloratura ditty. Xianqiang Opera, also known as "Daoqiang" and "Daoqing", originated from local Taoist music and was passed down by Huangmei Opera directly or after being absorbed by Qingyang Opera. Yin Si Opera is also called "Shen Huan Opera", which originated from Qingyang Opera, so it is also called "Yin Si High Opera".
The forms and uses of the three-cavity are also different: the color cavity expresses cheerful and festive feelings; Male fairy tune has a kind of free and easy bearing, and through special singing, it can also get a strange comedy color or express sad emotions. Yindiao is a gloomy tone, which was originally used by the dead or dying characters in the play to express their sad feelings. Its words are sad and its voice is sad, as if it had entered the underworld. In addition, the modes and sentence patterns of the three-cavity are also different. There are five tones and six tones in the color and fairy tones, and the yin tone is a five-tone business tone.
1. Cai Qiang
The basic structure of color cavity is four sentences. Male and female voices keep the same mode, the same arrangement of characters and the same core music, but the melody line is that male voices go down and female voices go up. Coloratura begins with "six hammers of coloratura", the second sentence is "four hammers of coloratura" and the third sentence is "two hammers of coloratura", and the aria can end with "one hammer of coloratura" after one coloratura.
Color cavity is tuning, mostly five tones, occasionally for the purpose of directly changing the palace tone. The falling tones of the four-sentence cavity are 5 5 6 5 respectively. The old color cavity is somewhat specious to Huangmei tea-picking drama, and the falling tone of the four-sentence cavity is 6 5 6 5 or 1 5 6 5. Judging from the musical materials, the melody of the second sentence of Cai Qiang is very similar to that of the fourth sentence, while the third sentence is very expansive, forming the "conjunction" structure of ABCB.
The auxiliary disk of the color cavity includes a pair of disks and a loose disk, both of which are composed of the upper and lower sentences. This kind of plate, a solo or two duets, enhances the narrative function of color cavity. There are five words and seven words in the lattice. The duet is usually connected with the third sentence of the color cavity with the function of "turning", and can also be connected with the duet sentence after the second sentence of the color cavity or after singing a color cavity.
The color cavity filling sentence mainly has "pulse cavity", which replaces the position of the third sentence. Mai Qiang's sentence width is shorter than the third sentence, ending at 1, which is fresh and increases the motivation of music. The way of falling color cavity is to slow down the ending sentence and form a buffer with decreasing speed to cause termination. In addition, the color cavity still stays on the chopping block, and the melody of the chopping block is roughly the same as that of the chopping block.
The four basic phrases of color cavity are sometimes enlarged by the increase of lyrics. One way of expansion is to add a hat and a cavity at the beginning of the sentence, and the other is to add a roll. For example, the ugly singing of Saint Amethyst, because of the change of lyrics, has produced a large section of colorful cavity, which is clear and rolling.
The changeable example of coloratura shows that the traditional singing method of Huangmei Opera has always had great freedom. When a certain tone forms a general framework, a clever artist will "develop his works according to the original", gestating many details from this ambiguous ontology, and even greatly increasing or decreasing it, and evolving various variants. This is probably the "composition method" for folk artists to create cavities.
Because its music system is between the main cavity and the flower cavity, the combination of color cavity and flower cavity is also very common, especially in the small play, the combination of color cavity and flower cavity is more frequent.
In addition, in the early theatrical performances of coloratura, coloratura is often used to "paint". The so-called lottery is a fund-raising activity outside the play and a means for artists to earn income. Aside from the vulgar performances of some artists in the lottery, the tunes used in the lottery should be the vocals that have the widest audience and can best represent the characteristics of traditional Chinese opera. The artist chooses it as "one in a hundred" and the audience accepts it as "never tired of listening", so the morphological characteristics and musical taste of color cavity can not be ignored.
Step 2 be strong first
The basic structure of Xianqiang is also a four-sentence style, but its form is more complicated than that of Cai Qiang. First, we should repeat the lyrics in two places, one is the last three words of the first sentence (seven sentences), and the other is the repetition of the fourth sentence. In this way, the length of the four-sentence cavity becomes uneven, resulting in the contrast effect that some phrases are skipped and some phrases are emphasized.
Complex sentences are common means of expression in high tones. In Yuexi Gaoqiang, complex sentences should be circled with symbols in the manuscript, which shows the artist's attention. High-pitched complex sentences, repeated lyrics are covered by new melodies, and the cavity amplitude has also changed greatly, similar to the complex sentence technique of fairy tune in Huangmei Opera.
Xianqiang also uses coloratura gongs and drums. Taking the "six hammers of the flower cavity" as the head, you can close the beam with "one hammer of the flower cavity", just like the flower cavity. The civil war cavity is sandwiched between the first sentence cavity and the three-character complex sentence, followed by the "four-hammer cavity", forming a state in which the first word (including the complex sentence) is in full swing, which is quite different from the more uniform use of gongs and drums in the color cavity.
The auxiliary cavity is also used in the old fairy cavity, and clapping hands with the cavity with the "leaning gong" is the characteristic of high cavity. There are several auxiliary boards (also called anti-boards) in the fairy cavity, which are the upper and lower sentence structures formed by repeated changes of the second sentence and the third sentence in the fairy cavity.
The first cavity-filling sentence has "pulse cavity", and the sentence width and falling tone are the same as "Cai Qiang pulse cavity".
The first strong has a remarkable feature, which can form different variants through mutation. This variant is not slightly different in the general sense, but has considerable differences in expression.
Take The Fairy Match as an example. When public fairies secretly came to Tianhe to enjoy the beauty of the world, they expressed their joy after liberation with a fairy voice. When the seven fairies used magic to make the Millennium locust tree speak, the strange and exaggerated male singing fairy cavity cooperated with this magical scene; When Yong Dong learned that the seven fairies would be forced to leave him, and the old pagoda tree, as a witness of the media, was speechless and could not help him, he sang sadly: "Dumb wood, dumb wood, even sang three times, and didn't speak." The fairy accent is still used here. Such different situations, different characters and contrasting emotional expressions are all reflected in fairy tales.
3. Vaginal cavity
Yin Si Opera is the most single and protracted of the three main operas in Huangmei Opera. Dedicated to sadness, there are four to six bars at the end of the upper and lower sentences.
The Yin Room is full of twists and turns, touching and very good at expressing the despair of the people in the play. Because of this feature, it is often combined with the main cavity to form the sad cavity surface of the main cavity.
The vaginal cavity is a pentatonic scale. Modal color is different from main cavity, color cavity and fairy cavity. This makes it stand in the group cavity and easy to distinguish.
Vaginal cavity is not suitable for repeated use because of its long sentence and single expression. Generally, it is only transferred to the auxiliary board and the supplementary cavity sentence once. From here, it seems that we can "understand" the requirements of banqiang for the upper and lower sentences: it rejects the non-narrative long drawl and demands "neutral color" for expression. Those cavity sentences whose emotions are too narrow and difficult to change are not suitable as the prototype of variation, so they are not worthy to be the mother of the upper and lower sentences.
The auxiliary board of Yin Si Opera is a numeral board with the structure of upper and lower sentences, which has strong narrative ability. Its melody comes from the upper and lower sentences of Yin Si dialect, and it is also a pentatonic quotient mode. The complement of Yin Si accent is "Yin Si Maiqiang", and its structure and tone removal are the same as those of Cai Qiang Maiqiang and Xianqiang Maiqiang. After the sentence commonly used in vaginal cavity, turn to vaginal cavity or other cavity. Because of the intercommunication of expressions, vaginal cavity is often combined with "crying", and the injured part is supplemented by the tone of crying to show more tragedy.
Extended data:
Xing Xiuniang, the originator of Huangmei Opera: Her real name was Xiulian, and she was renamed Xiuniang because she could embroider. Born in the 14th year of Qianlong and died in the 23rd year of Jiaqing (1749- 18 18). He was born in Xingdadun, Konglong Town, Huangmei County. Xing Xiuniang was born in poverty. She has been smart, clever and lovely since she was a child. She likes singing, and her voice is euphemistic. Her singing is unique and deeply loved by people. She performed for Emperor Qianlong four times and was awarded the title of "Celebrity of Huangmei" by Mo Bao.
Huangmei Opera, formerly known as Huangmeidiao and tea-picking opera, originated in Huangmei, Hubei Province and developed in Anqing, Anhui Province. ?
Huangmei Opera and Peking Opera, Yue Opera and Pingju Opera? Henan Opera, also known as "the five major operas in China", is also the main local opera in Anhui Province. Hubei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Hongkong and Taiwan Province provinces also have professional or amateur Huangmei Opera performance groups, which are widely welcomed.
Huangmei opera is simple and fluent in singing, good at lively lyricism and rich in expressive force; The performance is simple and meticulous, and it is famous for its truthfulness and vividness. A song "The Match of Heaven and Fairy" has made Huangmei Opera popular all over the country and has a high reputation overseas.
On May 20th, 2006, Huangmei Opera was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
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