The construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council at the beginning of the new century. It is a landmark project for the development of the western region, which is of great significance for accelerating the economic and social development of the two provinces of Qinghai-Tibet, enhancing national unity and benefiting people of all ethnic groups. The railway was opened to traffic at 9: on July 1, 26.
the Qinghai-Tibet railway runs from Xining city in Qinghai province to Lhasa city in Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers. Among them, Xining-Golmud section is 814 kilometers long, which was completed and paved in 1979 and put into operation in 1984. The section from Golmud to Lhasa, starting from Golmud, Qinghai Province, runs south along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to Lhasa, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1,142 kilometers, including 1,11 kilometers of new construction and 32 kilometers of reconstruction of the existing line from Golmud to Nanshankou. The construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is facing the severe challenges of permafrost, cold and lack of oxygen and fragile ecology. The project is arduous, demanding and difficult.
the Qinghai-Tibet railway started construction on June 29th, 21, with an investment of 1.18 billion yuan in that year. The reconstruction of the existing line from Golmud to Nanshankou was completed, and the first battle was successful. In 22, the investment was 5.32 billion yuan. Track laying began on June 29th, and it reached Kunlun Mountain smoothly at the end of the year. The annual plan for comprehensively tackling key problems in the construction of Qinghai-Tibet Railway completed an investment of 5.6 billion yuan. The total investment of Qinghai-Tibet Railway exceeds 33 billion yuan; The whole line * * * completed 78.53 million cubic meters of subgrade earthwork, 675 bridges and nearly 16, linear meters; There are 2,5 culverts and 37,662 horizontal linear meters; There are seven tunnels with a length of 9,74 meters.
At the same time, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has made great achievements in tackling key problems in frozen soil, health protection, environmental protection and quality assurance.
the Qinghai-Tibet railway was put into trial operation on July 1st, and it is expected to become a world-class plateau railway with unmanned management along the line.
with the concerted efforts of all the participants of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, all the stations and auxiliary tracks of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Railway have been laid. At this point, all tracks along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway have been laid.
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the highest railway in the world at present. The average annual temperature along the railway is below zero degrees Celsius, and the oxygen content in the air is only half that of the plain area. The railway crosses the section above 4 meters above sea level for 96 kilometers, of which the highest point crossing Tanggula Mountain reaches 572 meters above sea level.
the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet railway will further accelerate the economic development of Tibet and Qinghai provinces, and the history of "going abroad is easier than entering Tibet" will never return. Railway transportation will greatly reduce the cost of passenger and freight transportation in and out of Tibet and improve its safety.
[ Edit this paragraph] The opening of Tianlu will make the "roof of the world" no longer far away
The trial operation of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the highest plateau railway in the world, was fully started on July 1, 26.
After the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 75% of the materials going in and out of Tibet will be borne by the railway, thus changing the shortcomings of long distance, high freight rate and great loss in the past road transportation.
Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the roof of the world of the earth, is famous for its high altitude, thin air, low oxygen content, strong ultraviolet rays, perennial snow and complex climate. Paul Taylor, a modern American train traveler, wrote in his book Traveling in China: "With the Kunlun Mountains, the railway will never reach Lhasa."
after four years of hard work and overcoming many rare scientific and technological problems, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed in 25. Because it crosses the highest plateau in the world, this railway is also called "Heavenly Road".
Qinghai-Tibet Railway Company plans to open a luxury tourist train, passing through world-famous scenic spots such as Qinghai Lake, Kunlun Mountain, Hoh Xil, Sanjiangyuan, Northern Tibet Grassland and Potala Palace.
In order to help tourists cope with the possible altitude sickness, the train will be equipped with special oxygen supply equipment. After the completion, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway will also use infrared monitoring system, so as to be unattended in the plateau area and keep it open to traffic all day. The garbage collection system and garbage collection train will also be started to transport the domestic garbage generated along the way to Lhasa or Golmud for treatment.
the Qinghai-Tibet railway, which starts from Xining city in Qinghai province and ends in Lhasa city in Xizang Autonomous Region in the west, has a total length of nearly 2, kilometers. After the opening, the speed of the train will reach 12 kilometers per hour in general sections, and the ride time from Golmud to Lhasa will not exceed 12 hours.
[ Edit this paragraph] The Qinghai-Tibet Railway
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the highest railway in the world, has created many "firsts" at home and abroad in the construction process due to several world-wide problems such as fragile ecology, cold and oxygen deficiency, permafrost and strong winds disrupting work.
[ Edit this paragraph] The altitude is the highest in the world, and the mileage of frozen soil and high altitude section is the longest
The Qinghai-Tibet Railway starts from Xining City, Qinghai Province, and ends in Lhasa City, the capital of Xizang Autonomous Region, with a total length of 1,956 kilometers, crossing 96 kilometers at an altitude of more than 4, meters.
the Golmud-Lhasa section of the second phase of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, with a total length of 1,118 kilometers, is a landmark project for China's western development. The Golmud section starts in the north from Golmud, an emerging industrial city in Qaidam Basin in western Qinghai Province. The route map of Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through Nachitai, Kunlun Mountain, Wudaoliang, Tuotuo River and Yanshiping, crosses Tanggula Mountain, and then passes through Amdo, Naqu, Dangxiong and Yangbajing on the northern plateau of Tibet, all the way south to Lhasa. It crosses more than 55 kilometers of permafrost, with an average elevation of more than 4,5 meters, and the highest track crosses the Tanggula Mountain Pass with an elevation of 5,72 meters. The total investment of this steel artery is 26.21 billion yuan, which is planned to be paved in 26 and completed and opened to traffic on July 1, 27.
The majestic peaks, the snow-covered areas and the vast Gobi Desert ... The ancient and mysterious Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been silent and lonely for thousands of years. Although it is vast, beautiful and rich, in the past, due to economic, social and natural conditions, traffic congestion and poor logistics, plateau people can only stick to the self-sufficient manor economy for a long time. Until 1949, there were only more than one kilometer of sidewalks in Tibet where cars could be driven, and the water vehicles were only cable bridges, cowhide boats and canoes.
in order to promote the economic development in the plateau area, as early as 195s, the party and the state made great efforts to study and solve the problem of railway construction in Tibet. After construction started in 1958, stopped in 196 and resumed in 1974, 814 kilometers of the Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway was completed and opened to traffic in 1984.
No railway in the world can give people such a shock and excitement. On the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the most mysterious place except the moon, a steel dragon that attracts worldwide attention is winding forward. It breaks through the forbidden zone of life, crosses the Gobi Kunlun and flies over the rift valley ... It tells the world with indisputable facts that it is the plateau railway with the highest altitude and the longest route in the world!
[ Edit this paragraph] The world's highest plateau permafrost tunnel-Fenghuoshan Tunnel
The Fenghuoshan Tunnel is located on the Fenghuoshan at an altitude of 5,1 meters, with a total length of 1,338 meters and an elevation of 4,95 meters on the track surface, all of which are located in the permafrost layer of the plateau. It is the permafrost tunnel with the highest altitude and the longest crossing permafrost region in the world, and is known as the "world's highest tunnel".
When I came to the Fenghuoshan Tunnel, I was first attracted by the huge couplet in front of the tunnel entrance: "Ride the white clouds to caress the blue sky, fight against the snow to bind black dragon, and tread the breeze to invite the bright moon to penetrate the world's highest tunnel". The climatic environment in the windy and volcanic areas is extremely harsh, with an average annual temperature of minus 7 degrees Celsius and a minimum temperature of around minus 4 degrees Celsius, with severe cold and lack of oxygen.
More than 3 builders from China Railway 2th Bureau, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, took part in the tough battle to get through the wind-volcano tunnel. In order to solve the problem of hypoxia in plateau, they built the oxygen station with the highest altitude in the world. During tunnel construction, diffuse oxygen supply was carried out in the tunnel to increase the oxygen content in the tunnel, which fundamentally solved the problem of hypoxia in plateau construction. At the same time, China Railway 2th Bureau also provided oxygen inhalation equipment to every dormitory, and provided anti-hypoxia drugs to ensure that every employee can get enough oxygen. Due to scientific measures, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has been built. Although the construction conditions here are the worst, the incidence of altitude sickness among workers is the lowest in the whole line.
on October 18th, 21, the first shot was fired in the Fenghuoshan tunnel, and the abandoned slag was shocking. The soil content of these spoil is about 15% to 2%, and the geological structure of the tunnel is mainly soil-bearing ice layer, saturated frozen soil, original glacier, fissure ice, sandstone, mudstone and sediment interbedded. Fenghuoshan Tunnel is listed as the first key project of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and it is known as "Tianzi No.1 Project".
In order to ensure the construction quality, China Railway 2th Bureau invested more than 52 million yuan to purchase domestic first-class tunnel construction equipment, realized rail transportation in the tunnel, built a high-pressure steam boiler, a heater station and a thermal insulation and cooling system in the tunnel, and solved a series of problems such as temperature control in concrete construction in the tunnel. On October 19, 22, the Fenghuoshan Tunnel, the highest plateau frozen soil tunnel in the world, was fought by builders for a whole year.
[ Edit this paragraph] Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, the longest plateau permafrost tunnel in the world
Snow falls at the entrance of Kunlun Mountain Tunnel at an altitude of 4,648 meters in June. It is cold and oxygen-deficient all year round, with the oxygen content only half that of the inland plain, and the lowest temperature reaches MINUS 3 degrees Celsius. Kunlun Mountain Tunnel
The builders of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway who fought here braved the harsh natural environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to build the longest plateau frozen soil tunnel in the world. Tunnel construction in frozen soil area is much more difficult than that in plain area. Every summer, the temperature inside the tunnel rises, sometimes reaching about 7 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, the frozen soil is easy to melt, and ice slag sometimes falls down in the tunnel, which brings great difficulties to the construction. In order to prevent and reduce the influence of frozen soil diseases on the stability of tunnels, the construction of Kunlun Mountain Tunnel is twice as many as that in plain areas. Tunnel construction in plain area only needs to add a layer of concrete after bolting and shotcreting support, but tunnel construction in frozen soil area needs to set up two waterproof layers and an insulation board to play a waterproof and thermal insulation role, and finally line a concrete. This is equivalent to putting waterproof and warm clothes on the tunnel, which effectively solves the construction problem of frozen soil tunnel.
in order to ensure the physical and mental health of the construction workers, the fourth company of China Railway No.5 Bureau has stipulated a four-hour shift operation system, providing sufficient oxygen to the workers in the tunnel every day, and regularly checking the air quality in the tunnel. At the entrance of Kunlun Mountain Tunnel, a yellow ventilation duct runs through the tunnel like a ribbon, which continuously feeds fresh air from outside the tunnel into the tunnel, ensuring the oxygen content in tunnel construction. They also set up an emergency center at the tunnel entrance, and set up a hyperbaric oxygen chamber at the construction site, and the staff dormitory was also equipped with oxygen cylinders. At the same time, the employees will be given a physical examination once every quarter, and those who feel unwell will be sent to Golmud for treatment immediately.
Kunlun Mountain Tunnel was completed on September 25th, 22.
how much blood, sweat and wisdom of the working people have been solidified!
[ Edit this paragraph] Tanggula Station, the highest railway station in the world
Tanggula Station
Tanggula Station is located in the permafrost area at the Tanggula Mountain Pass at an altitude of 5,68 meters, covering an area of about 77, square meters and designed as a three-lane road. Tanggula station mainly meets the needs of the train meeting. The station was built by the Sixth Project Department under the 18th Bureau of China Railway. According to the geographical location and geological characteristics of this station, flaky ventilation subgrade is adopted in the engineering design. This design can keep the frozen soil temperature relatively stable, so as to reduce the disturbance to the frozen soil and achieve the purpose of effectively protecting the frozen soil.
Tanggula Station was completed in August 24 and has become a major attraction on the Qianli-Qinghai-Tibet Line.
[ Edit this paragraph] Asia's largest plateau railway bridge-laying base
Nanshankou bridge-laying base traveled about 3 kilometers south from Golmud, the starting point of the Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and came to the largest and highest-grade plateau bridge-laying base in the history of railway construction in China-Nanshankou bridge-laying base of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway at an altitude of 3,5 meters.
The Nanshankou Pujia Base of Qinghai-Tibet Railway ranks first in the history of railway construction in China with its large scale and high technical content. At the beginning of the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, it was still full of yellow sand dancing, inaccessible and desolate. Since the clarion call for the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway started on June 29th, 21, more than 5 employees of China Railway No.1 Bureau have been fighting against hypoxia, wind and sand, and camping in this barren land, which has started a tough battle between man and nature and the railway construction technology and management level, overcome many difficulties and raised the banner of "leading" in the start of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
The installation and debugging of machinery and equipment began in March, 22 in Pujia base, and the trial production of nailing production line began in April, 22. Guo Xiuchun said that the Nanshankou Bridge-laying Base undertakes the task of track-laying and bridge-laying from Nanshankou to Amdo section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes through the "roof of the world", which brings great difficulties to construction and transportation due to cold, lack of oxygen and low pressure, as well as unfavorable factors such as large slope, large temperature difference, more sandstorms and more lightning. At present, the power of domestic track-laying machines, bridge-erecting machines and diesel locomotives on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with an average elevation of 4, meters is reduced by nearly half, and the general maximum slope adaptability is 12 thousandths. Moreover, due to lack of oxygen, insufficient fuel combustion produces a large amount of exhaust gas, which causes environmental pollution. However, the maximum design gradient of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is 2 ‰, and the harsh climatic conditions and special geographical environment have become a "roadblock" for railway paving. To this end, China Railway No.1 Bureau mobilized experts with rich experience in track-laying and bridge-laying, reformed domestic track-laying and bridge-building machinery and diesel locomotives, and put forward a series of specific solutions and measures to develop oxygen-supplementing and pressurization equipment, reform machinery and rolling stock equipment, and prevent severe cold, sandstorm and lightning. After transformation, the track-laying bridge-erecting machine and diesel locomotive work on 22/1 slopes, with good dynamic performance, normal equipment operation and little environmental pollution. This scientific research achievement fills the gap in domestic plateau bridge-laying technology, thus providing equipment guarantee for the bridge-laying of Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
During the period from the beginning of the track laying of Qinghai-Tibet Railway, China Railway No.1 Bureau continuously pushed the Iron and Steel Avenue towards Lhasa at an average speed of 3, meters per day and 3.5 holes per day. They set a record of 6575 meters of track laying and 6.5 holes of bridge laying every day, which is basically equivalent to the speed of track laying and bridge laying in plain areas, and ensured safety and quality.
[ Edit this paragraph] The longest "replacing road" bridge in the world and the longest railway bridge on the plateau frozen soil
qingshui river bridge is located in the no-man's land of Hoh Xil at an altitude of more than 4,5 meters, with a total length of 11.7 kilometers. It is the longest "replacing road with bridge" bridge on the Qinghai-Tibet railway line and the key control project for the construction of the entire Qinghai-Tibet railway. Qingshui river bridge
The Qingshuihe Extra Large Railway Bridge, like a beautiful "rainbow", flies in the core of the Hoh Xil National Nature Reserve with an average elevation of over 4,6 meters. Here, Hoh Xil is cold and anoxic, with sparse vegetation and fragile ecology. At the same time, it is located in the permafrost area of the plateau, with a frozen soil thickness of more than 2 meters and high ice content, which adds a lot of difficulty to the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. for