The main food in the life of the Yi is corn in most areas, followed by buckwheat, rice, potatoes, wheat and oats. Meat, mainly beef, pork, mutton, chicken, etc., like to cut into large chunks of large blocks (fist size) to cook, the Han Chinese called "steely meat". The big and small Liangshan and most of the Yi people forbid eating dog meat, do not eat horse meat and frogs and snakes and other meat. The Yi are fond of sour and spicy food, and are addicted to wine, and have the etiquette of treating guests with wine. Wine is essential for solving all kinds of disputes, making friends, weddings, funerals and other occasions.
The Yi people are good at singing and dancing. The Yi people have a variety of traditional tunes, such as climbing the mountain, entering the door, welcoming guests, eating wine, marrying, crying and mourning, etc. Some tunes have fixed words. Some tunes have fixed words, some do not, and are improvised. Mountain songs are divided into male and female voices, and each region has its own unique style of mountain songs. Yi musical instruments include the gourd sheng, mabu, bawu, mouth string, moon zither, flute, three strings, chimes, copper drums, big flat drums and so on. The Yi dances are also quite distinctive, divided into two categories: group dances and solo dances, most of which are group dances, such as "Jumping Songs", "Jumping Music", "Jumping Moon", "Playing Songs and Dances" and "Songs and Dances". There are two types of dances, most of which are group dances, such as "Jumping Song", "Jumping Music", "Jumping Moon", "Playing Song and Dance" and "Pot Zhuang Dance". The movement is cheerful and rhythmic, usually accompanied by the flute, moon zither and sanxian.
The Yi October solar calendar, comparable to the Mayan civilization: The calendar is a symbol of human civilization. The world-famous Mayan culture, one of its essence is the calendar. In the past, most of the regions in China have adopted the lunar calendar. However, in China's Yi ethnic group, there is still a little-known ancient calendar - the Yi October Solar Calendar. It is presumed that this calendar originated from ancient Fuxi and has a history of about ten thousand years. It traces the history of China's civilization back to the three ancient civilizations of Egypt, India and Babylon.
Who can tell me some of the local customs of the Yi people in Liangshan...? (a) Claim: Most of the Yi people call themselves "Nuosu", "Nasu", "Nie Su" (or add "splash"). The Yi language means "people"), due to the wide distribution of the Yi people. Historically, there are many different self-proclaimed and other claims, according to incomplete statistics, until the eve of liberation, there are: "Na Luo splash", "fans of the splash", "Pu La splash", "Puwapu", "Asi Puwapu", "Zaini Puwapu", "Li Puwapu", "Geppu", "Luopu", "Luowu", "Atsheppu", "Luk Mi", "Le Su Pou", "Shan Su", "A Rent Pou", "Gepu", "Awu", "Tarusu", "Samodu", "Liudepu", "Nacha", "Lausu", "Najo", "Misisu", "Luo Luo", "White Luo Luo", "Black Luo Luo" and dozens of others. "Nosu", "Nasu", "Nesu" are all in Yi language, "Nuo", "Na", "Nie" is due to the difference in dialects, are "black" meaning (also has the meaning of "tiger"). (also has the meaning of "tiger"). Black in the Yi people's concept contains deep, wide, high, big, strong, more, noble, the main body and other meanings, "Su" is a group, people, family meaning, "Nosu" (or "Nasu", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie", "Nie" and "Nie". Nuosu" (or "Nasu", "Nesu") means "the nation of the main body", "the nation of Shanghei", etc. Since 1950, the Yi people have chosen the name "Yi" for the name of Dingyi. "Yi" for the *** with the name of the tribe, replacing the old historical documents in the word "Yi". (B), the source: Yi origin from the ancient Qiang people Yi ethnic origin, due to the Chinese historical records are very little, so for a long time the academic community has a variety of claims: South, that is, the ancient Vietnamese and Malay ethnics; East, Chu said; West, *** or Tibet-Burma junction said; Yunnan aborigines; Huangshi ancient Qiang people north of the said; there are also Pu said, Lu said, and Yunnan aborigines said. In 6000-7000 years ago, live in China's northwestern Huangshi region of the ancient qiang people, began to develop in all directions, a southwest to the motherland cruising. More than 3,000 years ago, this southwestward cruising ancient Qiang people along the Jinsha River in the Anning River Basin Qiongdu and Pudu River Basin Dianchi settled. Dianchi and Qiongdu residents, the history of "Yue Qiang", "Qiang", "barbarians", "County Yi", They were called "Yue Qiang", "Qing Qiang", "Barbarians", "County Yi", "Chaoso", etc., and continued to integrate with the local (Pu) people, bureaucrats, ***, etc., and became the forefathers of the Yi people. On the basis of the fusion of the ancient Qiang people with the indigenous tribes in the southwest, the fusion of the Kunming people with the (Pu) people was a new development in the process of forming the Yi tribe. After the Wei and Jin dynasties, the fusion of the Kunming people and (Pu) developed into the fusion of the Bureaucratic people. From the Han to the Sixth Dynasty, Chinese historical records refer to the main inhabitants of eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou, and southern Sichuan as the Chaosu people, and sometimes Chaosu and Pu are listed side by side. Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Yi ancestor region has been divided between the Wu Barbarians and the White Barbarians, the Wu Barbarians developed from the Kunming Tribe, and the White Barbarians took the Chaoso and Pu as the main body, and fused with other ethnic groups. Yi ancestors in the long-term formation and development, the scope of activities throughout the hinterland of Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou provinces and part of Guangxi, the core area should be three provinces adjacent to the vast area. All over the Yi tribe have the same legend from ZhongMouYu, according to the more complete water Xi'an's genealogy calculation, to the early years of the Qing Kangxi has been passed 85 generations, dating back to the pre-war period, was born 6 children development for the "six ancestors" tribes. The origin and formation of the Yi people. The ancestors of the Yi people have a close relationship with the ancient clan and Qiang, which are distributed in the west of China. In the Western Han Dynasty, one of the ancestors of the Yi tribe was named "Kunming". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, "Sou" was also the name given to the ancestors of the Yi people at that time. In the Tang and Song dynasties, the Wu Barbarians (called "Luo Luo" after the Yuan Dynasty) were the direct predecessors of the Yi. Due to the different historical conditions caused by various reasons, the formation of the Yi nationality has become a dualistic phenomenon. One group, represented by the Yi in Yunnan, was formed on the basis of the creation of a state. The establishment of the Nanzhao Kingdom in the Tang Dynasty marked the real formation of this Yi tribe. The other is represented by the Yi of Wu Ban in the northern part of the Liangshan region of Sichuan. They did not establish a state, but first united into tribes, and then developed from tribes into ethnic groups. Historical evolution of the geographical distribution of the Yi. The Yi are mainly distributed in the four provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guizhou, namely, the Daliang Mountain area south of the Dadu River and the tributaries of the Yalong River on both sides of the Anning River in Sichuan, as well as the Jinshajiang River, Yuanjiang River, the Mourning Mountains, the area between the Wuliang Mountains, and the area between the Huaping, Ninglang and Yongsheng in the west of Yunnan, which is known as the "Little Liangshan Mountain" of Yunnan, and Anshun and Bijie areas of Guizhou and Lunjiao and Bijie areas of Guangxi, and Anshun and Bijie areas of Guizhou and Lunjiao areas of Guizhou, Bijie in Guizhou, and Longlin and Mubian counties in Guangxi. The natural environments of these areas where the Yi are distributed are relatively poor, with most of them being high mountains with very complicated topography, some of them belonging to the alpine mountainous areas, and there are very few flat dams and river valleys. The formation of this distribution pattern has gone through a long historical evolution. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, the center of activity of the Yi ancestors was around Yunnan Dianchi in Yunnan Province and Qiongdu in Sichuan Province (southeast of Xichang today). ...... >>
Customs of the Yi People Climbing the Flower House - the marriage of Yi men and women: Climbing the Flower House is a unique custom of the Chubu Yi people. When a girl reaches the age of 16, her parents will build another small grass building for her to spend the night alone in it, while young men who have reached the age of 20 can climb up the grass building of their beloved girl at night to talk about love. They are together to blow scorn, to the tune, tell each other love feelings. Even if there are several pairs of young men and women at the same time, everyone is not bound. Once the love is mature, men and women as long as the consent of parents can be married, both parents generally do not interfere with the choice of sons and daughters.
The wedding of the Yi people in Xiaoliangshan, Yunnan Province, is quite chic. When they get married, the men have to prepare horses and carry gifts of wine, cloth, meat, and raised noodles to welcome the bride. The female village girls, can make all the skills to welcome the guests splash water, catch desperately play music. Send the bride to all men, the bride to the door of the male party to the sun goes down before entering the door. Before entering the door, by a person holding a wooden bowl containing mutton, raised handle and wine, in the bride's head around a circle, to show that life after marriage is rich. Then, the bride by the cousins back into the house.
Jumping vegetables - Yi singing and dancing with meals: jumping vegetables, that is, dancing on the dishes. It is a unique form of serving dishes and the highest etiquette of banquets for the Yi folk in the Wuliang Mountains and Mianluo Mountains of Yunnan, which is a traditional food culture with a long history of perfect combination of dance, music and acrobatics.
When banquets are held, square tables are usually set up along the two sides, and guests sit around the three sides, leaving a channel for jumping vegetables in the middle. Three gongs pulled off the prelude to jumping vegetables: gongs, lusheng, three strings, muffled flute, leaves and other folk music played; in the girl boy woo wah li - thi thi thi yells, only to see the top of the tray of the Yi family men with hands arched bowing, footsteps suddenly high, suddenly low, suddenly sharp and slow, another head and arms each supporting a dish (***24 bowls) followed by the entrance. They are in line with the simple and pure folk music concerto, face for comical state strange look, dancing crooked to and fro but easy, beautiful, smooth, coherent dance steps, one before the other smooth on the stage. The two hand towel partner, then the strange appearance, like a colorful butterfly flowers like before and after, left and right to escort it.
A pair of food hand to dish four tables, partner 32 bowls of food set back to the palace gossip array, each bowl of food is like a piece of chess. Self-positioning, all according to the ancient rules of the table one by one, not the slightest bit of chaos.
The Yi people around the prevalence of patrilineal small family system, young children often live with their parents. The women's status is lower. The inheritance is divided equally among the sons, and the extinct estate is generally owned by the next of kin. In the history of the Yi people, the practice of hyphenating the names of fathers and sons was prevalent, and this custom continued among the Yi residents in Liangshan until the founding of the nation. Monogamy is the basic system of marriage among the Yi, and a high bride price is required to marry a daughter-in-law. Staggered marriages from the table are more popular, and the death of the husband is practiced in the transfer of the house. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, some of the Yi areas in Yunnan Province still maintained the public housing system, and the Liangshan Yi maintained a strict hierarchical endogamous marriage. Historically, the Yi people practiced cremation, and before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the residents of Liangshan and Yunnan along the Jinsha River still practiced this burial custom. Other areas have gradually changed to upper burials since the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Clothing:
The Yi costumes, with their many varieties and colors, are the concrete embodiment of the traditional culture and aesthetic sense of the Yi people. In the long process of historical development, the Yi people living in different areas have created and formed their own different dress customs, which occupy an important position in the composition of Yi material folklore. According to the regional and branch performance of Yi clothing folklore, Yi clothing can be divided into six types: Liangshan, Wumengshan, Honghe, Southeast Yunnan, West Yunnan and Chuxiong, and each type can be divided into several styles. Several of them are introduced here. (1) Liangshan type is mainly popular in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province and neighboring counties, as well as the Jinsha River basin in Yunnan Province. Due to the specific natural geographical environment caused by the isolation of the large and small Liangshan Mountains and the social form of slavery at a specific historical stage, their costumes are simple and unique, and they have maintained the cultural characteristics of the traditional costumes in a more complete way. Both men and women in Liangshan wear right-over-obeisance coat with big lapel. Men, women, children and the elderly all wear rubbers, felt, wrapped legs and felt socks. Men's hair for the traditional "heavenly Bodhisattva", that is, save a lock of long hair in a bun on the top of the head, most of the head coiled black or dark blue scarf, and often wrapped into a cone-shaped, oblique inserted in front of the forehead, known as the "heroes knot", the left ear to wear honey wax beads, silver earrings and other ornaments. Under the pants, and due to language, geographical differences and have large, medium and small trouser leg points, the most characteristic jewelry that is "Tuta", is slanting on the body of the belt, with a fine ox sinew woven into the belt, the belt surface inlaid ...... >>
Liangshan Yi customs The Yi are monogamous. There are many unique customs of their own ethnicity. Betrothal and Marriage In the past, the Black Yi used cattle, horses, gold and silk as bride price; the White Yi used wine, cloth and silver money as bride price; and the Qian Yi used wine, linen and fried noodles as bride price. After the liberation, the bride price was simplified. Generally young men and women are betrothed, the male invited to go and the female parents to say marriage, just bring a bottle of wine to go, as long as the female parents receive wine to drink, to indicate consent. Then the man will go to the woman's home to formalize the betrothal, usually with two or three zhang cloth, twenty or thirty dollars, cloth and money are given to the woman. After three months, the man will have to buy three green cloth or blue cloth, a piece of meat, a bottle of wine to the woman's home, these things are for the woman's parents, known as "handing small gift". The man asks Bima to choose a date, and the date chosen should be discussed with the woman's parents. This time, according to their own family situation, they can buy some wedding supplies for the woman, which is called "pressing the eight characters". The parents of the female party to prepare for the child's dowry, generally make a cupboard, two face cabinets, two boxes, three small tables, the big table must be equipped with eight stools, the second table, small table is equipped with only four stools; but also with two sets of bedding, washbasin, mouth tank, towels and so on. The man in the marriage, to do a good job of the female party to wear a set of clothes, including head, shoes, needle and thread, etc., by the bridegroom as a companion to the female side of the home back. These things to the evening of the woman's parents invited a singer to drink "marriage song" when singing to the same before taking out the same. If the singer sings wrong, marrying the wrong things will be sung in the singer's eyes around three turns, smiling into their own bags, not to the bride, nor return the groom, marrying their own. If the singer wants something sung accurately. Married people can not get out, the singer will use a dustpan in the head of the married people hit three times, causing the guests to laugh. Wedding bride and female singer duet sing on, female singer to marry the bride to sing defeat, marrying people to obediently put the back of the bucket in the middle of the hall. Then, the female singer will take out her pants when she sings about pants, and she will take out her coat when she sings about clothes. Splashing Water to Welcome the Marriage When a Yi girl gets married, her sisters and brothers and young men and women of the same generation can splash water on the bridegroom. Bigger Yi villages, ten days before the girl's wedding, the young men and women in the village. They cut some stakes and nail them on both sides of the road, and then use wild vines to control the trip wire. Waiting for the arrival of the bridegroom, the roadside has long been prepared with dozens of buckets of water. Toward the bridegroom to dial. The bridegroom can not escape, was doused with water into a soup chicken, only desperately run, run into the bride's home, in order not to be splashed. Therefore, the clever bridegroom prepared, if the girl's home to inquire about a good back door or village has another road to the bride's home, they will take advantage of the water throwers do not pay attention to when drilling into the woman's home, in the woman's home on the table to point three columns of incense, burn three money and paper, kowtow to three, so that do not get poured water. But most of the marriage is not easy to do this, are to be splashed. Cold days to be splashed, cold teeth hit the lower teeth, often lead to young men and women laughing a scene, the female parents to find clothes to welcome the bride to change out. Generally splash water, individual places very early with cow dung water splash, such as the size of Liangshan. Xichang County Records, Volume XII, there is a "cow dung and water all over the splash" record. It is said that the water to splash the wind girl to her husband's home, will not go far away to carry water, the day will not be early, there are food and clothing and so on. Marriage According to historical records, in the past, the size of the Sichuan Liangshan Mountains and parts of Yunnan, there is the custom of marriage. "Rob marriage", according to the Yi people: "This is the old generation passed down, the male side to grab is a kind of respect for the woman's family, that is not married off to send." The marriage of men and women, although arranged by the parents, and through the matchmaker into a marriage, but when they marry, the male family in the first day in addition to send the matchmaker and the groom's brother to the female family to pick up the marriage, but also to ask the two relatives to pick up relatives draped in felt, back with the ox horn wine with the go. Receiving relatives to the female side of the village farm, to be the first two back cattle horn wine receiving relatives to the female family, the female family has the right to the door of the house with a stick to hit the receiving relatives. At night, the young people of the woman's side can blacken the faces of the relatives. On the third day, the bride's uncle, brothers and other relatives to send the bride to the male family, to try to get the male family bowls and spoons or other things, leaving the male village, to run a few rounds of the square outside the village horses, while the bowl brought to break, locally known as the "hit the tongue", and then the field long and go. In southern Yunnan, there are men and women love each other on the basis of the male and his partner in the form of false robbery will first lead the woman to the man's home, and then make up for the custom of the marriage proposal ceremony. Young men and women usually meet and fall in love during the Spring Festival using the opportunity of collective singing and dancing. Two people such as private marriage, the man can invite a number of friends, in the evening with the woman to the location of the appointment in advance, with the form of false robbery will lead the woman to the man's home. Once the woman is led to the man's house, it means that she has been officially married. In the next day, the bride will be in the male family ...... >>
What are the customs of the Yi people? Customs of hospitality
Folk have always "hit the sheep", "hit the cow" to welcome guests and hospitality habits. Whenever a guest arrives, he or she must be killed first to treat the guest, and according to the identity of the guest, the degree of affinity, respectively, with cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens and other hospitality. Before killing the animal, the live animal to the guest before, please guests after the slaughter, to show respect for the guests. Wine is a welcome gift to guests, in Liangshan as long as the guests into the house, the host must first wine to guests, and then make a variety of dishes. Guests of the meal to the pig fat fat big for decent, in the middle of the meal, the housewife to pay attention to the guests in the bowl of rice, not to be eaten by the guests to add at any time, in order to show sincerity to the guests. When eating, the elders sit on top, the next generation in order to sit around the sides and below, and for the elders to add rice, hostage dishes, soak soup.
Roasted tea blind date custom
Roasted tea is China's high mountain canyon areas of ethnic minorities of the necessities of life, due to the cold and dry climate, the lack of vegetables, it is often to drink rich hot tea to supplement the lack of nutrients, the so-called "three times a day must drink tea". Roasted tea varieties, salty, sweet, bitter and spicy, a hundred flavors of life, not only is the source of energy for hard work, but also the spirit of festivals and hospitality.
It is said that in the local area, if you can not learn a hand baked tea technology, to the girl's home baked tea, the old man will think you have no ability, and do not want to marry the girl to you, therefore, the local boys 15 or 16 years old to learn to bake the tea, have a set of their own baked tea masterstroke.
The Yi people are also rumored to be a hundred Ling from the Wuliang Mountain, a hundred feet high cliffs to tea seeds for people to cure the story of the disease, in honor of the Ling bird, guests drink tea, young boys and girls will always imitate the Ling bird dance, and paste the rice pots and cans of fragrant tea for each process is also related to the Ling Ling. [2]
Wedding Customs
After the engagement of young men and women, it is necessary to prepare for the wedding banquet. Pork and chicken are mostly used for wedding feasts, and mutton is generally not used (lamb is used for funerals). Shiping Yi people in southern Yunnan have invited men and women to get together before the marriage of partners to drink the habit; Yi people in western Yunnan, where the marriage of the bride, are to be in the courtyard or dam, with branches of the scaffolding for the guests to drink, smoking, eating, sitting, the folk with this temporary scaffolding built with the branch called "green shed".
The marriage of the Yi people is strange and interesting, and the most interesting thing is that the young girl who has held the "skirt-changing ceremony" is allowed to fall in love with her sweetheart in the "playground", as well as the matchmakers, and the marriage is fixed by eating wine and letting the bride starve, and the relatives and friends cry all night long, and welcome the bride by splashing water, grabbing the back of the bride, and making the bride a bride. The traditional marriage customs such as matchmaking and starving the bride, crying to the bride all night long, throwing water on the bridegroom, grabbing the back of the bride, and fighting in the cave.
Young girls for skirt ceremony
Yi girls into adulthood (generally more than 15 years old), in accordance with custom to hold a grand "skirt ceremony". During the ceremony, the girl will let her sisters change her original single braid into a double braid, which will be coiled on top of her head. Also wear the original two ears of the white pendant piece or wear ear old line pulled off, replaced with red agate-like coral beads or silver glittering earrings, to show good luck. Finally, the girl took off the original red and white color skirt, replaced with embroidered lace blouse and black, blue, yellow, white and other colorful pleated floor-length skirt. After changing into the new dress, the girl can go to the "playground" to dance and sing, participate in social activities, and start looking for their sweethearts.
The back of the bride
According to the Yi family rules, the bride out of the cabinet, feet shall not land on the soil, otherwise there will be heir to the risk of non-fan, must be married by the young man to back the bride, and help her on the horse. Marrying on the way back there are all kinds of rules: if the mountain road is narrow and can not ride a horse, the young man must take turns by the bride to carry the bride and walk; wading across the river, more by the back of the river, the bride's embroidered shoes can not be stained with water.
Splashing water to receive the bride
The Yi people believe that water can drive away evil, send away the demons, bring happiness. Therefore, the Yi people must splash water when they get married, in order to be able to withstand this test, in welcoming the bride, the male family to send unmarried lads to pick up the bride, both physically strong, but also smart and capable, not only to invoke the pain of splashing the water of the cold, but also able to complete the difficult task of snatching the bride, often in the recommendation of the candidate to repeat the deliberations, the merit of the recruitment, some do not hesitate to travel long distances, the selection of the good talent.
The Yi welcome the bride is completed by the way of robbing. In the first night of the "bride kidnapping", the girls launched a fierce water war to the young man. The girls attacked the young man ferociously by splashing, drenching, dunking and shooting in various ways, making it difficult for the young man to fight. So, the clever young man will find a place to store water before dark, quietly dumped part of it to alleviate the "flood" attack.
After a night of water splashing, when the morning came, "snatch the bride" will begin. At this time, the girls embraced the bride, the boys went to "scramble", the girls are strictly defensive, the young man must be nimble and changeable, multiply the loopholes that appear in a flash, snatch the bride and run, and run out of a mile or two of the mountain only to change to walk. Visible, the bride "snatch" to the in-laws is how ...... >>
What are the ethnic customs of the Yi people? The "Torch Festival" is the most common and grandest traditional festival in the Yi region, which is usually held on the 24th or 25th day of the 6th month of the summer calendar. Different regions have different legends about the origin of this ancient festival. One of the more common legends is that there was a Hercules in the sky in ancient times, and when he heard that there was a Hercules on the earth, Attila VIII, he went to the earth to compete with Attila VIII in a wrestling match. As a result, Szhe Abi lost, back to the God of heaven, the God of heaven was infuriated, sent locusts to the earth to trample on crops, Attila eight in June 24 this day, called on people to light up pine fires to drive the insects, the results drove away the pests, the victory over the God of heaven. In order to commemorate the victory over the God of Heaven, from then on, every year to this day to hold torches to celebrate. Every Torch Festival, Yi men, women and children, dressed in festive costumes, playing livestock offerings, dancing and singing, horse racing, wrestling. At night, holding torches, turn around homes and fields, and then gather together to burn bonfires and dance.
In the eyes of the Yi people, fire symbolizes light, justice, prosperity, and the powerful force that can destroy all evil. The Torch Festival is a festival of joy, love and happiness for the Yi people. People prepare all kinds of torches a few days before the festival. The first day is to decorate the torches at home, as beautiful as they are; the second day is to go to relatives' and friends' houses to congratulate the festival and talk about their own torches; the third day is to burn the torches and walk into the fields and homes with them in the air, bringing happiness to the people and wishing the farmland to be rich in grains. The third day when night falls, to the torch festival ***. At this time people cheering, exceptionally lively. The streets are full of colorful lights and festive atmosphere. People are dressed in colorful clothes and their faces are full of smiles. They held up torches and crowded into the crowd, singing and dancing! They became one, and the torches shone brightly, turning the darkness of the night into day.
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Information on Yi Folkways and Customs History
The Yi are an ethnic group formed by the southward movement of the ancient Qiang people and the continuous fusion with the indigenous tribes of the southwest in the course of long-term development. Six or seven thousand years ago
, the ancient Qiang people living in the Huangshui region in the northwest of China began to develop in all directions, with one of them cruising towards the southwest of the motherland. To more than 3,000 years ago, the southwest of this cruise to the ancient Qiang people to ethnic tribes as a unit, in the southwest of the motherland to form a "six barbarians", "seven Qiang", "nine 氐"，i.e., that is, the history book The so-called "Yue Song Yi", "Qing Qiang", ''insults", "Kunming", "Laoming", and "Liao Ming" often appear in history books. ", "Laobu", "Muomo" and other tribes. When the ancient Qiang people cruised to the southwest, the southwest area already had two ancient ethnic groups that arrived there successively - the Baipu ethnic group and the Baiyue ethnic group. After the ancient qiang people to the southwest, they had a hundred pu, hundred yue long time get along with each other, mutual integration, and absorbed and hundred pu, hundred yue of the southern culture. After the Wei and Jin dynasties, the integration of Kunming people and burning (Pu) developed into the integration of the bureaucratic people. Han to the Six Dynasties, the Han historical records of the main residents of eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou, southern Sichuan known as the Chaoso people, and sometimes to Chaoso, Pu and juxtaposed.
Since the Sui and Tang dynasties, there has been a differentiation between the Wu Barbarians and the White Barbarians in the region of the Yi ancestors, with the Wu Barbarians developing from the Kunming tribe, and the White Barbarians taking the Chaoso and Pu as the main body, and integrating with other ethnic groups.
In the long-term formation and development of the Yi ancestors, the scope of activities had spread across the hinterland of the three provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou and a part of Guangxi, and its core area should be the vast area adjacent to the three provinces.
An important feature of the history of the Yi people is the long period of maintaining the slave possession system. In the 2nd century BC, during the Western Han Dynasty and before, the Yi forefathers' society was already divided between nomadic tribes and sedentary agricultural tribes. During the period from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, various Yi prehistoric regions continued to differentiate a number of Chaosu Shuai and Yi Wang, indicating that on the basis of conquering tribes such as the Pu people, the Kunming Tribe has basically completed the transition from primitive tribes to the slave possession system.
In the 8th century 30s, Mengshezhao unified the six edicts, Yunnan Yi, Bai ancestors united the upper echelons of the various ethnic groups to establish the Nanzhao slavery regime, the ruling center in the area of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in the western part of Yunnan, the scope of domination reaches the present day in eastern Yunnan, Guizhou, western and southern Sichuan, basically controlling the main distribution of the ancestors of the Yi ethnic group.
The Nanzhao dynasty of slavery had ruled the region of the Yi ancestors for a long time, and could not but have a profound impact on the existence and development of local slavery. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (902), the destruction of the Nanzhao slavery dynasty did not mean that slavery in the Yi Prefecture died out. In the two Song Dynasty for more than 300 years, Rong (Yibin), Lu (Lu County), Li (Han Yuan) 3 states of the Yi ancestors, in the Song Dynasty and the Dali regime in the fight for each other, the emergence of slavery economy relatively prosperous situation. In conjunction with this, the slavery production relations appeared powerful tribes enslaved small tribes.
Mongolia Mongkol Khan three years (1253), the Mongolian cavalry from Sichuan in three ways to attack Yunnan, through the Yi region, prompted in a state of division in the Yi region of the loose anti-Mongolian coalition, began to unify under the Luo Luo claim. Correspondingly, the Mongolian aristocracy strengthened the fight for the Yi Zimo that is, the head of the soil, developed into a hereditary official position of the chiefs of the various ethnic groups in the part of the border ethnic areas to rule the local people's landlord system. Since 1263 ~ 1287, successively in today's Yuexi, Xichang, Pingshan, Dafang, Zhaotong, Weining and other places to set up the Yi tribesmen.
During the 276 years of the Ming Dynasty, the land across the three provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, Shuixi (Dafang), Urumqi (Weining), Umeng (Zhaotong), Mangbu (Zhenxiong), Dongchuan (Huize), Yongning (Xuyong), Mahu (Pingshan), Jianchang (Xichang), etc., each of the Yi land division (Zimo) linked together to support each other and maintain essentially the same slavery, and the low social productivity in line with the various Yi areas can basically be divided into 3 classes of Toji and Black Bone, White Bone and Household Slave. On the basis of the above hierarchical relationship, the tusi system of the Yi in the Ming Dynasty, such as Shuixi, Jianchang and Wumeng, was still the superstructure of slavery.
Kangxi, Yongzheng years, the Qing dynasty in the Yi region to implement the "return to the stream", to the Secretary of the soil, the soil to the eye, the power of the slave owners to a heavy blow. With the development of social productive forces, part of the region more quickly by the transition from slavery to feudalism.
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Culture and Art
The Yi people can sing and dance well. The Yi folk have a variety of traditional tunes, such as climbing the mountain, entering the door, welcoming guests, eating wine, marrying, crying and mourning, etc. Some tunes have fixed words. Some tunes have fixed words, while others do not, and are improvised. Mountain songs are divided into male and female voices, and each region has its own unique style of mountain songs. Yi musical instruments include the gourd sheng, mabu, bawu, mouth string, moon zither, flute, three strings, chimes, copper drums, big flat drums and so on. Yi Dance ...... >>
Daily Life Customs of the Yi Customs The Yi have a large dispersed and small gathering of living characteristics, so the Yi residence is not quite the same everywhere. However, most of the houses are equipped with a fire pit, and the fire stays on all year round. In addition to being used for heating, lighting, stewing or baking food, the fire pit is also a center for gathering friends and guests. The fire pit of the pot or tripod, can not be stepped on, it is strictly prohibited to spit in the fire pit. Barbecue unclean things, and taboo in the fire pond *** body. Between the elders and children, men and women, hosts and guests, the Yi people have strict etiquette. On the way to meet the elders, the younger generation shall stay standing side, let the elders first; elders into the room shall let its seat, and then the rest of the sitting; eating, elders sit on top (customarily known as "on the seat"), the next generation sit on both sides and the bottom, and wait for the elders, to add rice, clip vegetables, soak the soup. It is not permitted to touch the heads of adults or the elderly. A brother may joke with his sister-in-law, but an elder brother may not joke with his sister-in-law. When a guest enters a room, the host sits on the guest's left and the junior sits opposite the guest. It is forbidden to wear straw shoes on the bed of the fire bed; shoes should be taken off when going upstairs; it is forbidden for naked and semi-naked adults to enter the house; they cannot step on the threshold with their feet or sit on the threshold; they cannot knock on the table and bowls with chopsticks; it is forbidden to whistle, sing songs and speak foul language at home; women's clothes and pants can't be hung out to dry in the passing places and next to the honeycomb; and it is forbidden to urinate or defecate in the face of the sun.
Yi customs To illustrate, you have to go to wikipedia to see:
baike.baidu/view/2731?fr=ala0_1_1