Trial of several psychological problems in English teaching
Trial of several psychological problems in English teaching, we know that in English teaching, through psychology to grasp the psychology of the students, and then to design the teaching program, which is more conducive to the students to learn English, the following is a trial of several psychological problems in English teaching!
The following is a trial study of several psychological problems in English teaching1Intermediary psychological problems of primary and secondary school students in the process of learning English, the Chinese language as an intermediary psychological phenomenon is always present. Whether it is the teacher teaching or students learning, must consciously use the principle of Chinese intermediary psychology, in order to make the efficiency of English teaching to be scientifically maximized.
For example, the relationship between the concept of an English word and its material casing is both consistent and inconsistent with the Chinese phenomenon. Such as "a desk" group of words of the Chinese translation of English a desk, which is typical of the two language phenomena consistent with the students to learn such groups of words without much difficulty.
But the concept expressed in the words and shell of the English two language phenomenon is inconsistent, such as "a bag of rice", students are often prone to commit a bag rice such an error, but also such as "soon" translated into no long, "a few days ago", "a few days ago", "a few days ago", "a few days ago", "a desk", "a desk", "a desk", "a desk", "a desk".
As for "an English book" with a instead of an, and "several books" with book without adding s, it is also quite a common phenomenon.
In the sentence structure, the English-Chinese phenomenon is consistent with the English-Chinese translation interference is not great, but in the case of inconsistency, this intermediary psychological interference is great. For example, "This isnot book", "Book on desk" is easy to translate as "This isnot book", "Book on desk" and so on. This is not a book," "Book on desk" and so on.
The fact that Chinese word order, definite articles, and coined words are all "ignored" shows that primary and secondary school students are used to the idea of Chinese as a language pattern that has been basically fixed, which creates psychological barriers to learning English everywhere, and urgently needs to be shown and inspired by the English teacher.
From a scientific point of view, learning English is essentially the psychological process of connecting English materials with the Chinese system in the mind, so that a new system of connection can be established.
1, the psychological problem of language sense
Some people think that in primary and secondary school, it is not possible to talk about cultivating a sense of language, in fact, it is not. Because the sense of language itself belongs to the reading ability of the factors included in one.
As long as the syllabus requires the teaching of reading ability, we have to encounter the problem of sense of language, because the sense of language is the essence of reading ability and the essence of reading ability, that is to say, reading ability of the high and low.
In essence, it is the strength of the foreign language sense of language, the sense of language is a kind of intuition of the language, therefore, the cultivation of primary and secondary school students of the sense of language psychology, so as to improve their reading ability, is the current quality of English language education in the teaching of the subject of the urgent need.
Such as the English behavior of the verb singular third person with "s", the sense of language will be out of the mouth "He workshard. "When asked about this grammar rule, almost everyone will say he knows it.
This is the first time I've ever seen the word "s" used in a language, and I've never seen it used in a language.
Another example is: "We saw a bear dancing on the stage." Some students can immediately have a funny picture in their mind of a bear dancing on the stage.
Thus, they can remember the sentence vividly, while some students need the teacher to explain the grammatical analysis of "see sb doing sth" to understand and remember it, which is caused by the difference in the degree of psychological maturity of the sense of language.
Therefore, our English teaching should get out of the "pure grammar" of the teaching of the misunderstanding, in the reading ability and the psychological aspects of the sense of language to increase the teaching efforts, is to improve the quality of primary and secondary school students in English learning quality of a road of quality education reform.
2, the migration of psychological problems
The basic condition of migration, is whether different skills have *** the same factors. In the English learning process, the first learning (already acquired knowledge, skills, etc.), often affect the subsequent learning (learning new knowledge, such as skills, etc.), which in educational psychology is called "learning migration", to cultivate students to mature migration of psychological qualities, is an important issue in the reform of the English language.
If prior learning has a positive impact on subsequent learning, it is a positive transfer, and the opposite is a negative transfer.
In English teaching, it is of great practical significance to correctly recognize and deal with the migration of learning, and to realize that migration is conditional and regular, which is important for promoting the formation of positive migration psychology and preventing the occurrence of negative migration.
Therefore, when learning English, we should make full use of the positive migration when dealing with the English language which is consistent with the Chinese language phenomenon or not quite consistent but not beyond the customary permissible range.
In the case of English language which is inconsistent with the Chinese language phenomena, including the unique `language phenomena' of English, one should try to prevent negative transfer in order to get the effect of preventing the problem before it occurs.
Therefore, how to transfer the proficiency in Chinese to English learning, the level of effectiveness of the transfer is with the learner's Chinese language level and present a different level, so as an English teacher, in order to let the students learn English well, they should pay attention to the Chinese language and learn Chinese well synchronization.
This is because if the students have a good foundation in Chinese, they will be able to reveal the intrinsic connection between English and Chinese more smoothly, and the errors will be more regular and easy to correct.
In addition to this, it is also important to utilize the prior knowledge of English to facilitate the transfer of subsequent learning. The combination of these two kinds of transfer is bound to play a great role in promoting students' English learning.
A Brief Introduction to the Use of Educational Psychology in English Teaching
If we understand and master the psychology of the students in English teaching, and design the classroom teaching procedures according to the principles of educational psychology so that the students follow the teacher's ideas, then we can optimize the efficiency of the classroom and reduce the burden of the students and improve the teaching performance.
These are the most important things that can be done to improve the quality of teaching.
At the same time, the class in the interaction with students, the teacher should also pay attention to the psychological characteristics of students, find the entry point of the conversation, and students to do effective communication, and try to do a student like the teacher, which will not be beneficial to the teaching of this subject.
I have been in my own English teaching career, on the basis of continuous reflection and summarization, the theory of educational psychology applied to their teaching practice, and achieved good results. Specific practices and reflections are as follows:
I. Intuitive teaching and the establishment of error files
English is a practical and skillful subject, and it takes a lot of time and effort to memorize and drill in order to learn English well. Psychologist Thorndike believed that there is a link between external stimuli and responses, and that the essence of learning is the link between situation and response.
According to this doctrine, I think that when a student receives a new knowledge of English for the first time, he must let this stimulus have a strong reaction, i.e. a deep impression, in his mind.
Teachers can use real-life objects, or create real language situations, or use sound, pictures, dynamic multimedia computer courseware, wall charts, sketches and other intuitive and vivid teaching tools, so that students will be attracted at once, and unforgettable.
At the same time, Thorndike also pointed out that learning is a process of constant trial and error, a process of increasing application rate and decreasing disuse rate.
According to this theory, I let the students establish the wrong file, let the students do the usual practice and small test wrong questions summarized in a book, repeated pondering, comprehension, until mastery.
Before each test, let the students then re-review the questions on the wrong book, so that the repetition rate of their attempts at error is greatly reduced, and the accuracy of the test is greatly improved.
Second, interest in teaching
1, the introduction of the competition
Secondary school students are competitive and have a strong sense of participation, the competition introduced into the classroom, and throughout the classroom, to improve the students' motivation to learn has an important significance. Teachers can divide the class into groups and use the competition points to start the competition between groups.
Competitions can include compulsory questions, snatch-answer materials, conversation performances, vocabulary recitation and so on. Summarize at the end of each lesson. The winners of the competition are praised and encouraged, and the laggards will be unimpressed, and they will work hard and perform better in the next competition.
In the process of the competition, each student will actively prepare for the collective honor of the whole group, and seldom appear to be distracted or inattentive in class, and through the competition, it also gives them the opportunity to self-presentation, which satisfies the students' sense of achievement.
2, visual teaching
The use of physical objects, wall charts, sketches, projections, multimedia and other means in class, so that the language is more real and concrete, to create an atmosphere for learning English, so that students are immersed in it, and to cultivate their own English language thinking in the unconscious.
For example, in the first year of personal pronouns and possessive pronouns are easy to mix and difficult to master, we can use some wall charts, such as Einstein, Madame Curie and other students are more familiar with the characters to practice Who's this? ... What's his/her name?
You can also designate a few students in the class to practice, so that the students are easy to understand, but also easy to accept.
3. English Songs
The use of catchy, easy-to-learn songs to summarize the content and key points of a lesson is a good way to consolidate knowledge and increase interest.
For example, with the "Finding Friends", "Throwing Handkerchiefs", "Two Tigers" and other melodies of the textbook key points, difficult points into the lyrics, so that students in the song not only consolidate the knowledge, but also feel the fun.
4, extracurricular activities
The cultivation of students' interest in English should not be fixed in the classroom in just forty-five minutes, extracurricular activities are an important way to achieve the purpose of education, is an extension of the classroom teaching and supplementation, so we have to make full use of the radio, watch English programs, rehearsal of the English skit, riddles, rapid response, and so on. Drumming, etc.
The students have fun in the process of doing the game, but also easily review and consolidate their English knowledge. In this way, the students' interest in English learning will become stronger and stronger, and the initiative of learning will be greatly enhanced.
Three, hierarchical teaching
Confucius attached great importance to teaching according to ability, then in teaching practice, we should also study and analyze the individual differences in students, for the students of different learning ability, learning level and psychology, to take a different approach, that is, we now advocate hierarchical teaching.
I according to the different levels of students, in accordance with the principle of quantity and acceptability, the students are divided into three levels of good and poor, different levels of students to take different teaching methods, put forward different requirements.
In classroom teaching, let students with good grades do some difficult exercises to achieve the purpose of improving;
Let the middle students do certain exercises to protect their enthusiasm for learning; let students with poor grades do some easier exercises to enhance their self-esteem and self-confidence.
In this way, every student has the opportunity to practice the foreign language. In terms of extracurricular tutoring and homework requirements, they should also be different according to the different levels of students. For students above the intermediate level, they are required to do some extracurricular exercises and are encouraged to read more English original works in order to expand their knowledge.
Some of the learning ability is not good, the results are a little poor students with the same requirements for them to master the textbook the most basic words, phrases, sentence patterns, in short, on the upper, middle and lower three levels of students were taken to "let go", "pulling",
Teaching to praise and encourage the main, not in public to hurt students' self-esteem. Under the classroom, some poor students in the knowledge of skills deficiencies, respectively, to take different measures, passionately give timely help and counseling.
Four, stimulate the engine, strengthen the memory
According to the principles of educational psychology, the learning stage is divided into the motivation stage - comprehension stage - acquisition stage --Maintaining the federation --Memory stage --Generalization stage --Operation stage -Feedback stage. In this case, the motivation stage is listed in the first stage of learning, which shows that motivation affects the learning effect.
Inspiring the right motivation is the key to success in learning English, so we need to activate students' motivation and clarify their learning objectives.
The current social demand for high-quality English talents, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing, as well as studying abroad for further education, etc., these are the external factors that motivate students to learn English, while the students' subjective willingness, need to be the intrinsic motivation to learn English.
External factors work through internal factors. If students do not have a clear purpose for learning and do not have a desire to learn, they will be passive in their learning and their performance will be poor.
Therefore, it is necessary to do the ideological work of the students, so that they can change their mindset, through the study of English, to enhance international awareness and expand their international horizons.
The fifth stage of learning is the memorization stage, and English needs to memorize a lot of content, so for English learning, this stage is particularly important.
1, small steps, fast pace
Usually memorize the content to control the amount and degree. If the amount is too much, you can't digest it, and if the repetition is too little, you can't remember it. So it is necessary to carry out appropriate concentration and repeated cycles.
In the teaching process, five minutes before class dictation is a proven way to summarize the knowledge learned the day before, the next day in time to dictate, the time is not long, and the amount is not large, the students are easy to remember.
2, fun memory
Fun memory method is the difficult knowledge to be highly generalized, and then use poetry, the form of jingle will be the main points, rules, changes in the law of the string, used to guide the consolidation of memory of student learning.
For example, in the teaching of ordinal word formation, I taught the students "one, two, three, special memory, eight to t, nine to e, ty to tie, meet ve to f, and then add th, a few sentences, from the first to infinity of the ordinal word formation rules are included.
Another example is that when teaching verbs that can be used as object insufficiencies with the infinitive without to, I use examples to explain verbatim "feel", "listen", "hear", "let", "make", "have", "see", "watch", "notice", "look", and "help". The simple phrase "a help".
In fact, this is a very high error rate of knowledge, but also has been a very difficult for me, almost every time, and now a simple sentence to solve it painfully, easy to remember and not easy to forget.
3, play the implicit memory
Psychology that people's implicit memory that the unconscious memory is very important, then we can give full play to the students' implicit memory.
We can expand the students' reading surface, the content can be involved in a variety of language materials, both textbooks, but also increase the extracurricular reading, improve the students' reading comprehension ability.
If the ability to permit, you can read the English original, in short, to increase the amount of reading, so that the amount of information input to be large, which is very helpful in developing students' sense of language.
Fifth, the establishment of a large view of grammar
Bruner, an educational psychologist, believes that teaching should promote students' understanding of the basic structure of the subject, so the teacher in the teaching of knowledge to the students, we must give the students a framework for students to have a holistic grasp of the knowledge and understanding of the work of the junior graduation class, which is particularly This is especially important for the review work of the junior graduation class.
In the second semester of the third year of junior high school, when all the content of the textbook has been taught, generally speaking, teachers have to start reviewing. How can students have a clear and comprehensive concept of English knowledge is very important, which requires the teacher to comprehensively and systematically summarize the various grammatical items.
Such as word classes, tenses, clauses, sentence structure, inflections, infinitives, etc., so that students have a general framework for grammar, a systematic understanding, so that students have a large view of grammar, learn to analyze the structure of the sentence from the point of view of grammar.
In short, I think that in teaching practice, we should increase the study of educational theory, especially the study of educational psychology, study their own educational objects and broaden their horizons.
And the educational theories they have learned to try to use in teaching practice, with scientific theory to guide their teaching practice, will be less detour.
I believe that as long as we continue to enrich ourselves with theories, and continue to explore and summarize our own teaching experience and gains and losses, every teacher can have a set of suitable teaching methods.