The uterus is located in the center of the pelvic cavity, which is inverted pear-shaped, flat before and slightly convex after. The adult uterus is about 7-8 cm long, 4-5 cm wide and 2-3 cm thick, and the uterine cavity capacity is about 5 ml. The upper part of the uterus is wide, which is called the uterine body, and the protruding part of its upper end is called the uterine bottom. The uterine horns on both sides of the bottom of the uterus communicate with the fallopian tubes. The lower part of the uterus is a narrow cylinder called the cervix.
The uterus is a hollow organ, and the cavity is covered with mucosa, which is called endometrium. From adolescence to menopause, the endometrium is affected by ovarian hormones and changes periodically, resulting in menstruation. During sexual intercourse, the uterus is the channel for sperm to reach the fallopian tube. After conception, the uterus is the place where the embryo develops and grows. During childbirth, the uterus contracts, causing the fetus and its appendages to be delivered.
The uterine cavity is a triangle with a wide upper part and a narrow lower part, and the narrowest part is formed between the uterine body and the cervix, which is called the buccal part of the uterus. Non-pregnant, about 1cm long, the lower end is connected with the cervical cavity. The cervical cavity is prismatic and called cervical canal. Adult female is about 3cm long, and its lower end is called the external cervical orifice, which connects the top of vagina. The external cervix of the parturient is round, and the external cervix of the parturient is divided into front and rear lips due to the influence of childbirth.
Normal uterine activity is large, but it is generally in the front position. This mainly depends on the support of round ligament, broad ligament, main ligament and uterosacral ligament of uterus and the support of pelvic floor muscles and fascia. Abnormal uterine position often reduces the pregnancy rate of women and even leads to female infertility.
The uterus is an important reproductive organ of women, and it is an important place for menstruation and pregnancy. These physiological functions mainly depend on the normal periodic changes of endometrium. This change is controlled by estrogen and progesterone secreted by ovaries.
The cervix protrudes from the vagina and contains glands, which can secrete a kind of mucus, namely cervical mucus. Like endometrium, the nature and quantity of this mucus are affected by ovarian function, showing obvious periodic changes. During ovulation, under the action of estrogen, the cervical mucus is thin, which is conducive to the passage of sperm. At the same time, sperm can also absorb nutrients from cervical mucus, increase its vitality and promote the combination of sperm and eggs. After ovulation, under the action of progesterone, the cervical mucus is reduced and sticky, which can form a mucus plug in the cervical canal to separate the cervix from the outside world and play a protective role. It is also not conducive to sperm passing through the cervix.
You must have a rich excision situation (see if you have the following situation)
1. If the myoma is malignant or tends to become malignant, no matter your age or size, as long as you are healthy, surgery is a necessary choice.
2. If it is found that fibroids grow rapidly in a short period of time, and there is a trend of malignant transformation or cystic transformation (fibroids become bigger and softer, full of blood or water), the uterus should also be removed.
3. Although some fibroids are not fast growing, their symptoms are obvious, such as menorrhagia, anemia, too large fibroids (larger than the size of the uterus in pregnancy 10 weeks), frequent urination, and ineffective conservative treatment. At this time, it is necessary to operate as soon as possible.
4. If you have submucosal myoma (myoma grows into uterine cavity), because of its relatively high malignant rate and obvious symptoms such as anemia, the doctor may also recommend you to have surgery. If the myoma is smaller than the size of the uterus at 10 week of pregnancy, it is asymptomatic, or the symptoms are very mild, the development is slow or basically unchanged, and the patient's age is near menopause, you can choose follow-up observation or combined drug treatment. The 47-year-old woman mentioned above applied this principle.
Matters needing attention after uterine operation
First, postoperative care methods
1. Encourage more turning over or bedside activities, promote gas discharge in the body and prevent flatulence.
2. Keep the wound clean and dry. If there is exudate, immediately notify the nursing staff to change the gauze.
3. If you feel pain in the wound, you can inform the nursing staff to give painkillers according to the doctor's advice.
4. Eat a light diet after exhaustion, such as rice porridge and vegetables, and don't eat food that produces gas to prevent flatulence, such as milk and beans.
5. The catheter can be removed on the second day after operation, and the urine should be discharged within 5 hours.
6. Dietary suggestion: foods with high protein, high iron and high fiber, such as cherries, grapes, fish soup and vegetables. Can be used after exhaustion to prevent constipation and promote wound healing.
7. When you can get out of bed, you should avoid abdominal pressure, such as bending over, squatting, climbing stairs, riding a motorcycle or riding a bike, which makes the wound painful.
8. Wipe after going to the toilet to avoid infection.
Second, postoperative home care and matters needing attention
1. People who have undergone hysterectomy will no longer have menstruation.
2. 6-8 weeks after the operation, when the deep pelvic tissue is restored, you can have normal sex.
3. Avoid lifting more than 3kg, bending down to take things, climbing stairs and using corsets properly within 6-8 weeks after operation.
4.3 months, do not sit for a long time, travel long distances, avoid yoga, rhythmic dance and other exercises to increase abdominal pressure, so as not to cause pelvic bleeding.
5. Wipe after going to the toilet to avoid infection.
6. Observe the wound for redness, swelling, fever, pain or abnormal secretion every day. If you have the above symptoms.