Some news reports not only reduce the social credibility of the elderly, but also degraded the collective personality of the elderly, so that the elderly social image is damaged, social dignity. The statement that "it's not the old people who have become bad, but the bad people who have become old" has become an overall negative evaluation of the elderly group. It is undeniable that this phenomenon is due to the fact that individual elderly people do not respect the elderly, but it is also due to the public's mockery and amusement. Some individual social misconduct is labeled and stigmatized by the media. "The old man fell to the ground to help or not to help" has become a hot topic of social discussion, evolved into a social and moral crisis.
In 2015, the news of "a famous professor of a university moving into a nursing home" aroused online public opinion: on the one hand, the community expressed concern about the scholar's "departure" as an opinion leader; on the other hand, it revealed a sense of crisis among the elderly and even young people about their own future. The future of their own sense of crisis, that even senior intellectuals have to take the path of socialized old age.
What exactly is the cause of this phenomenon that puts the elderly in an awkward position of losing their social dignity?
1, the challenge of the loss of family dignity
Since the reform and opening up, China's rural pension is mainly family pension, manifested in the home pension and child support. In the family old age, the maintenance of self-respect and dignity of the elderly comes from the children, that is, relying on affection. However, with the implementation of the one-child policy and the rise of rural migrant workers moving to the cities, the countryside has seen an unprecedented decline. The "left-behind elderly" has become a common phenomenon.
In addition, many empty-nest families have emerged as a result of population movements such as children going to school, working, studying abroad, and migrating. In short, China's current rural family pension, or urban family pension, are faced with varying degrees of difficulties, family pension function is weakening. The loss of children has led to the loss of the dignity of the elderly relatives.
2, the challenge of the loss of self-dignity
Loss of independence, empty nest, "not rich before old age" and other elderly people are often unable to take care of themselves at the last minute, resulting in the loss of self-dignity. Cases of elderly people dying alone are often reported in the media, with some of them being found weeks after their deaths, while others are found with their bodies already dried up and in a very miserable condition. As the physiological functions of the elderly decline, their ability to take care of themselves gradually declines or is even lost, so their self-assigned dignity is gradually lost. The dignity of other people needs to be guaranteed by their relatives, society, and especially by medical personnel. The more to the end of the stage, the older the other endowed with dignity, the more need for others to support.
For this reason, some scholars have put forward the idea of "better death", while others have suggested that the relevant laws and regulations should be improved, and that medical personnel should be trained in the knowledge of "death with dignity".
Although these initiatives help to enhance the dignity of the elderly at the end of life, to fundamentally solve the problem of dignity at the end of life, it is necessary to safeguard it from the policy, system and even ethical and moral aspects.
China's old age social development stage to establish a suitable model of old age "social old age as the main, family old age as a supplement, community service is an important guarantee, old age insurance is the material basis" of the community-based old age security system. Abbreviated as "community home care". "Community pension" in our country has a wide range of space, in the family pension gradually become unbearable, and institutional pension high and low difficult to get on the time, to the family form of old age as the basis for community pension as the support of the pension system will have a broad prospect.
On this basis, we should also actively explore new ways of old age
Learning from foreign experience "off-site pension"
Off-site pension, cross-border development of the pension industry in Europe has gradually become a trend. Norway's Bergen, Oslo, Beirut and other municipalities have opened large retirement apartments in southern Spain, where low real estate prices, plenty of sunshine, attracting more and more businesses and the elderly. Other countries in northern Europe, the elderly to Spain, looking not only for the natural environment there, but also fully functional pension facilities, good public **** medical and health services, insurance services and so on.
China's vast territory, the natural and human environment, real estate prices, price levels vary greatly, the development of the pension service industry is very complementary, expanding the space of the foreign pension is very large. Now, every winter there are some northern old people spontaneously to Haikou, Sanya and other southern cities, summer, there are also a lot of southern old people to the northern cities to avoid the summer heat, this kind of migratory birds of different places of old age has begun to emerge, and has shown vitality. If large-scale senior communities are developed, they will still be very attractive to the elderly in neighboring countries. Our pension companies should not only focus on the provincial market, the city market, but also to look at the domestic, and even the international market, the introduction of, and go out, to seize the opportunity of the development of the international pension service industry.
Housing pension (i.e., the elderly use the residual value of the residence in which they live, and realize it in advance through some mechanism to provide for the rest of their lives)
This is also divided into the following categories according to the specific circumstances:
1, the sale of homes for the elderly: including the sale of homes into the hospital for the elderly, the sale of rent and leaseback and reverse mortgage pension.
Reverse mortgage old age: "reverse mortgage old age" is also known as "housing reverse mortgage", or referred to as the "house old age". Elderly people can mortgage their home equity to an organization that specializes in this business and receive monthly cash payments from the organization. Upon the death of an elderly person, the organization will repossess the house for sale, rental or auction. This is similar to the bank's housing mortgage "in reverse"
Sale and leaseback: the elderly will have full ownership of the housing sold first, and then through the "sale and leaseback" method to achieve the goal of the old age housing. Both can get a large sum of money for old age life, but also to maintain the right to use the housing or even the original housing for a long time or even for life, as usual, there is a house to live in, the old man's better old age to add a considerable insurance coefficient.
The sale of housing into the hospital old age: the elderly will be their own housing for sale, with the money to live in a better pension institutions, not only can save social resources, but also make the old age life adds a lot of fun, will be part of the sale of housing sent to the life insurance company for the old age life insurance, you can protect the old age of life without worry.
2, renting into the hospital old age
The elderly will have full ownership of the housing first rental, and then through another rented room to live or stay in the nursing home, nursing home method to achieve the goal of the old age with the house. Not only to ensure that the old age as usual have a house to live in, and obtain a continuous and stable rental income for the old age life, enjoy professional nursing services and group exchanges, but also to ensure that in the future, the original housing left to their children, in line with the traditional customs of the country's people to raise children to prevent old age, heritage inheritance.
The "housing for the elderly" approach greatly expands the original function of the property, enhances the attractiveness of the residents to buy a house, and is conducive to promoting the development of the primary real estate market. "Second-hand housing" supply, is conducive to promoting China's underdeveloped "second-hand housing" market and the development of the housing rental market.