Problem description:
How many troops were there in his heyday?
Arm configuration
The way of fighting
The more detailed, the better.
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Analysis:
Genghis Khan was an outstanding strategist of ancient Mongolian people, and also a great politician, thinker and strategist. He fought all his life to unify the tribes on the Mongolian plateau, then conquered half the world and established the Great Mongolian Empire across Europe and Asia.
Genghis Khan succeeded for many reasons. First of all, Genghis Khan himself was an outstanding military genius. He lived a hard life since childhood and developed a strong and brave character. He lived in a turbulent, wandering and exposed age, which made him very familiar with marching and fighting. Second, the Mongolian people are tenacious, United and hardworking, and Mongolian soldiers have developed an iron will since childhood. According to historical records, "Mongols have been holding bows and arrows since they were three years old." They eat grass, ride horses, shoot and hunt, and develop sensitive horse tactics very early.
Third, Genghis Khan's military thought was very advanced at that time. He inherited and developed the successful practical experience of his predecessors in the construction, management, training and use of Mongolian cavalry, and had his own originality.
Strategically, Genghis Khan has a set of strategies called "great detour" by later generations. The circuitous strategy of Mongolian army originated from Mongolian hunting. They skillfully applied hunting skills to the war, and many strong castles became wild animals in their siege. Therefore, the prominent feature of the Mongolian army's great circuitous strategy is that it does not achieve the goal of war by defeating the enemy, but uses the hunter's cunning and profound eyes to stare at the enemy's rear and surround the enemy from left to right, leaving no retreat for the other side. Even if there is a chance to live, it is entirely tactical. This big detour strategy is very different from other ancient armies' attack methods. It does not directly challenge the enemy lines, but it is more practical and the means are more subtle. And try to "cheat" the other party before using power.
The implementation of the great detour strategy embodies the unity of opposites of speed and distance, and the light cavalry of the Mongolian army created the "blitzkrieg" in the agricultural era. /kloc-in the third century, the armies in Europe and Asia were mainly infantry and heavy cavalry, while the Mongolian army was all light cavalry. Light cavalry has the characteristics of strong assault and flexibility, and is suitable for long-range attacks. Heavy cavalry has good protective performance and poor maneuverability, which is suitable for front-line confrontation. Therefore, Mongolian light cavalry, like mechanized troops in World War II, often forced the enemy to disarm with absolute military superiority. This made the battlefield built in Genghis Khan's era completely a hurricane battlefield.
The strategy of big detour can create a vast war space, take detour as a straight line, avoid the real and make the virtual, so that the offensive and defensive structure of the battlefield changes suddenly, thus disrupting the enemy's deployment and creating favorable fighters for themselves. The great circuitous strategy cannot be separated from the continuous supply of materials. The reason why the Mongolian army can repeatedly make outstanding achievements in circuitous circuitous ways lies in its "sheep and horses follow the levy and defend against the enemy because of food." One of the concrete measures of the Mongolian army is to rob livestock for later use. The second method is a combination of hard and soft, forcing the castle with strong walls and clear venues to supply food. The Mongolian army solved the problem of army supply in its own unique way, and this solution did not make soldiers bear too much burden or have a long queue after the battle sequence, but solved it in the lightest way among the eating habits developed by their nation for thousands of years. This lightness is reflected in the fact that the sheep or horses they eat do not need special equipment to transport, thus greatly reducing the burden on the Mongolian army, having more strength and ability, and boldly weaving circuitous ways into the enemy's depth, which often makes his enemies unbelievable, which is why the Mongolian army captured the castle so easily.
Tactically, the cavalry attacked the enemy in a wide and dense formation, surrounded by circuitous ways, converging in two ways, luring the enemy deep, ambushing and annihilating the enemy, and adopting various tactics to break through the enemy's fortified castle, without giving the fleeing enemy a chance to breathe, and fiercely pursuing. These tactics are meticulous and ingenious, and the use of wit and flexibility can often make Genghis Khan's army win more with fewer, and win stronger with weaker.
Fourth, Genghis Khan's principle of building the army is to know people well and be brave in coachable. As long as you are loyal and talented, you will value trust regardless of nationality or class. You don't even think that prisoners on the battlefield and people from him will be treated equally, and you will be given a certain position for reuse according to your ability level.
Carefully organize the work. Rectify the army and appoint 10, 100, 1000 and 10000 heads respectively, so that the army can be directly controlled by itself and controlled by its cronies. In the military system, the guard organization was established, which was an important pillar for Genghis Khan to defeat the enemy.
Make a careful and meticulous battle plan. When making operational plans and military command, he tried to avoid being blind and reckless, not fighting uncertain battles, not fighting unprepared battles, and never doing sloppy work.
Strict military discipline, clear rewards and punishments. Dosan, a Mongolian historian, pointed out: "If any general makes a mistake, Cheng Qian will definitely carry it out as long as he sends a subordinate official to order it. No matter how far apart the general is, although he commands a hundred thousand troops, he must resolutely obey the orders of his envoys. If you are whipped, you must be punished on the ground. If you are beheaded, you will cut off your own head. " For those who have contributed, he will never forget, always trust and reward respectively.
Strict military training, attach importance to the technical reform of weapons and equipment, and attach importance to cultivating the heroic and tenacious ideological style of officers and men. The weapons and equipment of the Mongolian army have developed from general conventional weapons to advanced weapons such as artillery, rocket launchers and flame oil projectors. Usually March and camp, and have been stationed on the front. Sometimes, all barracks units are called to assess military training, or elite soldiers from all units are selected to engage in martial arts competitions and wrestling, and the winners are encouraged and rewarded.
Attach importance to the logistics work of the army. Due to the limited number of sheep and horses carried during the expedition, in order to fully eat these livestock, Genghis Khan also specially stipulated the method of slaughter: "Use two bladders of cattle and sheep to blow up the air and put the bone tube into the tube hole of the bladder. The bone canal is engraved with thread lines. Between the fourth and fifth ribs of the beast, stab a * * * and then cut the bone tube, compress the bladder and inject air into the lungs. When you do this, the beast dies immediately. Death seems to be electric shock. The advantage of this killing method is that the meat quantity is increased by 70%, the nutrition is sufficient, the meat quality is soft, the taste is delicious, and it is easy to preserve for a longer time. " (Genghis Khan's Company Commander Strategy, p. 274, Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 199 1)
Attach importance to the smooth communication and transportation of the army. According to historical records, almost everywhere he went, he set up a release station within 500 miles of Fiona Fang, and there were more than 300,000 idle horses in the post office that only delivered letters and reported interest. Genghis Khan also attached great importance to building bridges and roads. When he crossed the Ili River, 48 bridges were paved with wood and stone. When Chadaixi crossed the Shalatan River, eighteen bridges were built to make the whole army cross the river safely. In addition, many paths were built when crossing mountains and mountains, which created extremely convenient conditions for people, vehicles, businessmen and tourists. In this way, the contact between countries on two continents is more convenient and the distance is shortened. In terms of communication signals between armies in battle, appropriate measures have also been taken and necessary systems have been formulated. For example, in addition to forward contact and riding contact, trumpets and colorful flags are used to contact each other.
Genghis Khan galloped across the vast battlefield in Europe and Asia all his life, creating a series of effective strategies and tactics, enriching the treasure house of the history of world military science and leaving a precious legacy to mankind.