This kind of thing may only exist in the books, as if not really practiced. From the relevant historical records, the pre-Qin system of consort is relatively simple, the king's wife called the queen, the king's concubine and the vassal's wife called Mrs., but just. But after the Qin and Han dynasties have set up a variety of names, and strive to close to the above ancient system. The name of the Hall of many of the miscellaneous, the first acquaintance of the people are always confused, inexplicable. I West old man's shallow understanding, and from the great Qin, inevitably blind man feeling the elephant, only a glimpse of its spot, but seek to roughly see the general appearance of it. (The following regardless of and the Queen Mother, the Queen Consort, etc., limited to the Emperor's "current" consort within the scope of the outside life woman is not discussed)
Two, Qin and Han period of the consort system
Western Han Dynasty was first set up, due to the title of the Qin: the Emperor's wife called Empress, concubines are called Mrs. And set up eight products (the eight products), and the eight products (the eight products), and the eight products (the eight products), and the eight products (the eight products). And the establishment of eight products (the eight products are also inherited from the Qin system): the Empress, Mrs., beauty, good people, eight sons, seven sons, long make, less make. When Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty added Jieyu, Jing'e (Jing for the female character side, can not be typed, the same below), Ronghua, Chanyi, each with a title. Emperor Yuan of Han Dynasty and the creation of Zhaoyi, second only to the Queen; when the harem has reached three thousand people, in addition to the Queen, the following customized fourteen and so on:
1) Zhaoyi, depending on the Prime Minister, the title than the vassal king;
2) Jieyu, depending on the Secretary, the title than the Liehou (the twentieth and so on the title);
3) E, depending on the middle of the two thousand, the title than the Marquis of Guannei (the nineteenth and so on the title);
4) Ronghua:
9) Liangren, regarded as eight hundred stones, and was entitled to a title higher than that of the left concubine chief (the tenth title);
10) Changzhi, regarded as six hundred stones, and was entitled to a title higher than that of the fifth great doctor (the ninth title);
11) Shaozhi, regarded as four hundred stones, and was entitled to a title higher than that of the public passenger (the eighth title);
12) Wuguan, regarded as three hundred stones;
13) Shunchang, regarded as two hundred stones;
14) Shunshang, regarded as two thousand stones;
15) Shunshang, regarded as two hundred stones.
14) No Juan, **** and, entertaining the spirit, Bao Lin, good envoys, and night people, all regarded as one hundred stones.
Besides the fourteen classes, there were also the sons of the upper family and the sons of the middle family, all of whom were regarded as dou food. In addition to this, the historical records have also appeared in the Ji, the long Royal, material people, to be the Royal Palace, the Palace history, the history of learning and other titles.
The crown prince's wife is called consort, concubines have Liang Di, Ru Ren, wives and concubines **** three levels; the royal grandson's wife is called Mrs., concubines have no position number, they are called the family son.
Wang Mang to ancient reform: and concubines, the United States Royal, and three people, the position of the view of the public, (Note: that is, the three Mrs.); concubines nine, depending on the Secretary, (Note: should be nine concubines); beauty twenty-seven, depending on the great doctor, (Note: equivalent to twenty-seven Shihua); Royal eighty-one, depending on the Yuanshi, (Note: eighty-one Royal wives, too). Where one hundred and twenty people (excluding the queen), with the ancient system.
Eastern Han Guangwu after the rise, advocating frugality, the six Palace title is left only the Queen, nobles, nobles gold seal and purple ribbons, salary but dozens of dendrobium; and set the United States, the Palace, the collection of women, no rank, only in the yearly reward for the full. Prince of King, the number of concubines originally unlimited, at this time also customized, the main wife called consort, concubine shall not exceed forty people.
Three, Wei and Jin period of the consort system
Cao Cao for the King of Wei, in the Queen of the following five: Mrs., Zhaoyi, Jieyu, Ronghua, beauty. When Emperor Wen of the Wei Dynasty, there were five additional concubines, Shuyuan, Xiuyong, Shuncheng and Liangren. When Emperor Ming added Shufei, Zhaohua, Xiuyi three, save Shuncheng, so that in the Empress below the custom of twelve grades:
1) Lady, second to the Empress, the title is not regarded;
2) Concubines, second to the Empress, in the Lady under the title is not regarded;
3) Shufei, the status of the Sangguo, the title of the Lords and Lords of the vassal king;
4) Shuhuan, the position of the Royal Historian, the title of the Lords and Lords;
4) Shuhuan, the status of the Imperial Household, the title is the County Duke
5) Zhaoyi, a title higher than that of a county marquis;
6) Zhaohua, a title higher than that of a township marquis;
7) Xiuyong, a title higher than that of a pavilion marquis;
8) Xiuyi, a title higher than that of a marquis of Guannei;
9) Jieyu, a title higher than that of a middle-ranked marquis;
10) Ronghua, a title higher than that of a genuine marquis;
11) Meiren, a title higher than that of a middle-ranked marquis;
12) Liangren, regarded as a thousand stone.
Jin Wu Di take the system of Han Wei, the reference to the ancient method, began to set up three ladies, nine concubines:
Three ladies: concubines, ladies, nobles, position as the Three Dukes;
nine concubines: Lady Consort, Lady, Lady, Shu Yi, Xiuhua, Xiu Rong, Xioyi, Jieyu, Ronghua, full of Hua, position as the Nine Secretaries of State.
Below the nine concubines, there are beauties, talents, and middle talents, whose titles are ranked below one thousand stone.
Four, the consort system in the Northern and Southern Dynasties
Song early Southern Dynasty, Emperor Liu Yu inherited the Jin system, only omitted the talented person, the middle talented person. Xiaowu Emperor filial piety three years (456 years), the province of Mrs., set the noble consort, than the Sangguo, and into the noble concubines than the prime minister, the noble than the three divisions, is the three ladies; at the same time, the province of xiu hua, xiu rong, xiu yi, set zhao yi, zhao hua, zhao rong to replace, listed in the nine concubines; and set the middle talent, filling the clothes for the casual labor. Ming Emperor Taishi two years (466 years), the province of Shufei, Zhao Hua, in the talent, full of clothes, reset Xiu Hua, Xiu Rong, Xiu Yi, talent, good people; the following year, the province of the nobleman, set the Guiji for one of the three ladies, and set Zhao Hua, increased Shurong, Cheng Hui, Len Rong. And to Shuyuan, Shuyi, Shuyong, Zhaohua, Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Xiuhua, Xiuyi, Xiuyong for the nine concubines; Jieyu, Ronghua, full of China, Cheng Hui, Lengyong for the five positions, the position of the nine concubines; the beauty of the people, the talent, the good for the scattered position.
Qi Wudi Jianyuan first year (479), the adoption of the Jin system, the noble concubine, lady, nobleman for the three ladies, Xiu Hua, Xiu Yi, Xiu Rong, Shufei, Shuyuan, Shuyi, Jieyu, Ronghua, Chunghua nine concubines, beauty, the middle talent, talented people, talented people for the scattered positions. Three years, the Prince's Palace set three internal officials: Liang Di (than the opening of the Marquis), Bao Lin (than the fifth-class Marquis), talent (than extra horse harnessed by the side of a team of harnessed by the side of a team of lieutenants).
Liang Chen two dynasties and Song is basically similar to the custom: Liang Wu Di: your consort, your concubines, your Ji for the three ladies, Shuyuan, Shuyi, Shuyong, Zhaohua, Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Xiuyi, Xiuhua, Xiuyong for the nine concubines, Jieyu, Ronghua, Chunhua, Cheng Hui, Li Rong for the five positions, beauty, talent, Liangren for the scattered position. Prince East Palace has Liang Di, Pauline two positions. Chen followed the system of Liang without change.
Northern Wei Daizu Daowu Emperor began to set up the Queen, the remaining concubines or called Mrs., all have rank. Shizuizu Taiwu Emperor set up more left and right Zhaoyi and nobleman, pepper room, the number of Chinese style, the back court more and more. Emperor Xiaowen of the Gaozu reorganized the internal officials: the left and right Zhaoyi position as the grand secretary of state, three ladies as the three dukes, three concubines as the three ministers, six concubines as the six ministers, the world's women as the middle doctor, the Royal Lady as the Yuan Shi. After the female position, in order to standardize the internal affairs. The Department of Internal Affairs of the Shangshu Ling, servants. The three officials of the Secretary, the Supervisor, and the Lady of the House of Representatives were regarded as the second grade. Supervisor, female Shangshu, beauty, female history, female sage, book history, book female, small book female five officials, depending on the third grade. In the talent, for people, in the make girls, talent, respect make the court depending on the fourth grade, spring clothes, female wine, female food, female food, Xi official female slaves depending on the fifth grade.
Beiqi the first few emperors set within the job is very little, Qi Wucheng emperor good within the promulgation of the river fresh order: within the life of the woman in accordance with the ancient system of three ladies, nine concubines, twenty-seven women, eighty-one women. And quasi-Han system are:
1) Zhaoyi, there are about two people, than the prime minister;
2) three ladies: Hongde, Zhengde, Chongde, than the three dukes;
3) on the concubines: Guangyou, Zhaotun, Lung Hui, than the three emblems;
4) under the concubines: Xuan Hui, Ningshui, Xuanming, Shunhua, Ningshua, Guangxun, than the six emblems;
5) twenty-seven women: Zhenghua, Lingside, Xiuxun, Yaoyi, Mingshu, Fanghua, Jingwan, Zhaohua, Guangzheng, Zhaoning, Zhenfan, Honghui, Heide, Hongyou, Maoguang, Mingxin, Jingxun, Yaode, Guangxun, Huifan, Jingxun, Fangyou, Wanhua, Mingfan, Yanyi, Huizhe, and Jingxin, compared to those from the third rank;
6) eighty-one imperial daughters: Muguang, Maode, Zhenyi, Yaoguang, Zhenling, Guangfan, Lingsyi, Neifang, Mukou, Wande, Mingwan, Yanyi, and Yanwu, compared to the sixth secretary;
6) twenty-one royal concubines: Muguang, Maode, Zhenyi, Yaoguang, Zhenling, Guangfan, Lingyi, Neifan, Mubou, Wande, Mingwan, Yanwu, and Yanwu. , Ming Wan, Yan Wan, Miao Fan, Hui Zhang, Jing Mao, Jing Su, Qiong Zhang, Mu Hua, Shen Yi, Miao Yi, Ming Yi, Chong Ming, Li Zai, Wan Yi, Peng Yuan, Xiu Leisure, Xiu Jing, Hong Shen, Yan Guang, Yi Rong, Hui Shu, Xiu Yi, Fang Wan, Zhen Shen, Ming Yan, Zhen Mu, Xiu Fan, Su Rong, Maoyi, Ying Shu, Hong Yan, Zhen Xing, Ning Wan, Ying Fan, Huai Shun, Xiu Yuan, Liang Zai, Yaocang, Xuncheng, Run Yi, Ning Xun, Shu Yi, Zuo Zai, Mu Yi, Xiu Li, Zhao Shen, Zhen Yuan, Su Boudoir, Jing Shun, Zuo Hua, Zhao Shun, Jing Ning, Ming Xun, Hong Yi, Chong Jing, Xiu Jing, Cheng Idle, Zhao Rong, Li Yi, Idle Hwa, Si Zuo, Yuan Guang, Huaide, Liang Yuan, Shuji, Maofan, Liang Xin, Yan Hua, Hui E, Su Yi, Miaozhe, compared to the fourth grade.
Since the outside and set the talent, picking women, as a loose number. The queen of Qi set up two queen, Zhaoyi following the number are doubled. And set up around E Ying, than
Left and right Prime Minister, down to Zhaoyi than the second doctor. I have been looking for a new one, and I've been looking for a new one, and I've been looking for a new one.
Beijing Zhou put there are three ladies (later changed to three consort), three Eagle (female character side, the same below), six concubines, Royal Hope, Royal Wan, etc., and so on, each and other details:
1) three ladies: Guifei, long Guifei, De Fei, position as the three public officials, the second year of the Emperor Wu Jiande (573 years) renamed the three consorts;
2) three Eagle: three posts, position as the three orphans;
3) six concubines: six posts (one of which is called Zhaohua), three concubines: six posts, one of which is called Zhaohua). Six concubines (one of them is called Zhaohua concubine), the position of the six ministers;
4) the Royal Hope: the position of the view of the doctor, of which the upper Hope, the middle Hope, the lower Hope, respectively, on the view of the doctor, the middle doctor, the lower doctor;
5) the Royal Wan: the position of the view of the Shi, but also divided into the upper and middle three classes, respectively, the upper Shi, the sergeant, the lower Shi.
Fifth, Sui and Tang Dynasty consort system
Sui-Kaihuang two years by the internal official form, slightly according to the "Rites of Zhou", reducing the number. Concubine three members, in charge of teaching the four virtues, depending on the third grade; nine women, in charge of guests and sacrifices, depending on the fifth grade; female Royal thirty-eight members, in charge of women's work silk nettle-hemp, depending on the seventh grade. And take Han, Jin old instrument, set six Shang, six divisions, six canon, progressive control, in order to control the palace government. One said Shanggong, in charge of guiding the Queen and the boudoir endowment. Pipe commanders three people, in charge of charts and books of law, corrections and preaching; all three people, in charge of William Skinner, play. Second, said Shang Yi, in charge of etiquette teaching. Pipe Division music three people, in charge of the sound of the thing; three people, in charge of the guide inside and outside of the guide women to see. The third is still clothing, in charge of clothing chapter treasure. Pipe Division decoration three people, in charge of hairpin flowers strict; three people in charge of pectin, in charge of the towel pectin anointing and bathing. Four is still food, in charge of the first taste of the meal. Pipe doctor three people, in charge of medicine and divination; three people in charge of ware, in charge of bottles and utensils. Five is still sleeping, in charge of curtains and mattresses. Pipe Division feast three people, in charge of laying and sweeping; three people in charge of the executive, in charge of the fan umbrella lamps and candles. Sixth, Shang Gong, in charge of creating a hundred services. Pipe Division system of three people, in charge of clothing tailoring; three people will be in charge of money in and out of the three people, in charge of money. Six Shang each three members of the view from the nine products, six Division of the view of the Hoon Pin, six canon view outside the flow of two products. Queen Dugu when she was alive, with jealousy, false concubine position, not set up three concubines; from concubine below, set up sixty members. Plus and suppression of clothing chapter, downgrade their rank. To the death of the Dugu queen, began to set three members of the nobility, increasing concubines to nine members, the world of women 27 members, eighty-one members of the Royal Women. Nobleman and other off in charge of the affairs of the palace, the six Shang following all sub-Tai yan.
Sui Emperor Yang reference to detailed allusions, self-manufactured name, written in the order:
1) three ladies: consort, Shufei, De Fei, Pinzheng first;
2) nine concubines: Shunyi, Shunyun, Shunhua, Xiuyi, Xiuyong, Xiu Hua, full of Yi, full of Yung, Full, full of Chinese, Pinzheng;
3) twenty-seven women: twelve members of jieyu, Pinzheng third; the beautiful people, talent, Pinzheng fourth;
4) twenty-five members, Pinzheng; the women's roommates.
4) Eighty-one women: twenty members of the Baolin, fifth in rank; twenty-four members of the Imperial Women, sixth in rank; thirty-seven members of the Caiwen, seventh in rank.
Total **** one hundred and twenty members, and the clothes knife people, all tend to serve around, and no number of members, depending on the following six products.
Tang Gaozu Wude early years, under the Empress has:
1) Consort, Shufei, Defei, Xianfei for Mrs., rank positive one;
2) Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Zhaoyuan, Xiuyi, Xiuyong, Xiuyuan, full of Yi, full of Yung, full of Yuan for the nine concubines, rank positive two;
3) Jieyu (rank positive three), the United States (rank positive four), the talented (rank positive five)
3) Jieyu (rank of the third grade), beauty (rank of the fourth grade), talented person (rank of the fifth grade), each nine people for the twenty-seventh wife;
4) Bao Lin (rank of the sixth grade), the Royal Lady (rank of the seventh grade), Caijun female (rank of the eighth grade), each twenty-seven people for the eighty-first imperial wife.
Tang Gaozong Longshuo two years (662 years) had changed the system, set up: Zande two people to replace the lady, rank is the first grade; Xuan Yi four people to replace the nine concubines, rank is the second grade; Cheng Boudoir five people to replace the beauty, rank is the fourth grade; Chengji five to replace the talent, rank is the fifth grade; Weixian six to replace the BaoLin, rank is the sixth grade; eight people to replace the Royal Lady, rank is the seventh grade; service pectus twenty people to replace the picking women, rank is the eighth grade; additional Twenty people were appointed to serve the towel, with the rank of the ninth grade. Xianheng two years (671) to restore the old.
Tang Xuanzong Kaiyuan years again more fixed, under the Empress set up Huifei, Li Fei, Hua Fei, as the three ladies, the first grade; and set Shuji, Deyi, Xianyi, Shunyi, Wanyi, Fangyi, as the six instrument, the second grade; beauty four people, the third grade; only seven people, the fourth grade; Shanggong, Shangyi, Shang service two people, for the fifth grade; from the sixth grade to the ninth grade, that is, the Department of the staff of all the canonical staff rank and order, after also refer to the former number. After also refer to the former number.
Tang system of the crown prince's concubine can be set up: Liang Di two people, the third grade; Liang Yuan six people, the fifth grade; Cheng Hui ten people, the sixth grade; Zhao training sixteen people, the seventh grade; Feng Yi twenty-four people, the ninth grade.
Sixth, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties of the consort system
Song and Tang system is much the same, there are only a few differences (such as the addition of a noble instrument, Fei Yi, Wan Yi, etc.). The Jin system basically follows the Tang system: Yuanfei, Guifei, Shufei, Defei, Xianfei, the first rank. Zhaoyi, Zhaorong, Zhaoyuan, xiuyi, xiuyong, xiuyuan, chongyi, chongyong, chongyuan said nine concubines, the second grade. Jieyu, the third grade; beauty, the fourth grade; talent, the fifth grade; each of the nine members, said twenty-seven women. Bao Lin, the sixth grade; Royal female, the seventh grade; Cai female, the eighth grade; twenty-seven members, said eighty-one imperial wives. According to the Jin Ge, after the system of Ching You, the noble consort under the real consort, Shufei under the Li Fei, Zuo Fei, and no De Fei, Xian Fei. Nine concubines with. Jieyu under the Liren, talent for the third grade. Shun Yi, Shuhua, Shu Yi for the fourth grade. Mrs. Shanggong, Mrs. Shanggong left, Mrs. Shanggong right, the Palace of Mrs., Mrs. Bao Hua, Mrs. Shang Yi, Mrs. Shang service, Mrs. Shang bedding, Mrs. Chin Sheng, Mrs. Ziming for the fifth grade. The Imperial Servant for Ceremonies, Imperial Servant for Meals, Imperial Servant for Bedding, Imperial Servant for Decorations, Imperial Servant for Settings, Imperial Servant for Clothing, Imperial Servant for Medicines, Deputy Envoy for Xianshao, Liang Servant for Seung Ho, Liang Servant for Seung Hwi, Liang Servant for Seung Yi are of the eighth rank. The royal servant in charge of ceremonies, the royal servant in charge of clothes, the royal servant in charge of bedding, the royal servant in charge of decoration, the royal servant in charge of setting up, the royal servant in charge of clothes, the royal servant in charge of food, the royal servant in charge of medicine, the royal servant in charge of Xianshao, the royal servant in charge of sound, the royal servant in charge of Gisu, the royal servant in charge of respect, and the royal servant in charge of wishing for goodness are of the ninth rank. Jin Hailing Wang when in power, the consort as many as twelve members: Yuanfei, Shufei, Huifei, Guifei, Xianfei, Chenfei, Lifei, Shufei, Defei, Zhaofei, Wenfei, Zuofei.
Ming Taizu Hongwu five years, the establishment of six bureaus and a division. Bureau said Shang Gong, Shang Yi, Shang service, Shang food, Shang bedding, Shang Gong, said the Palace, rank are six. Each bureau led by four divisions, the subordinates of twenty four, and the Palace of the total line of six things. Officer seventy-five people, eighteen female historians, depending on the Tang reduced more than one hundred and forty people. Consorts in addition to the Consort, but also only to take the Yin, Shu, Zhuang, Jing, Hui, Shun, Kang, Ning for the name, the boudoir Yongsu, the purpose of the far-reaching. Consort below, miscellaneous concubines, and between Jieyu, Zhaoyi, nobleman, beauty and other names. Jiajing ten years (1531), like the ancient rites of the nine concubines: De concubines, Xian concubines, Zhuang concubines, Li concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, concubines, Xi, Kang, under the Consort. Emperor Xianzong Wan Guifei plus the word "Huang" for Huang Guifei, and then gradually become customized.
Qing Tai Zu started, the Palace Exam did not have a number, commonly known as Fei for "Fujin". Chongde changed the Yuan, five palaces and built, the number of both clear. Shunzhi 15 years, take the gift of the official's proposal: Qianqing Palace set Mrs. a, Shu Yi, Wan six, soft Wan, Fang Wan are thirty; Ci Ning Palace set up a chastity Rong, Shen Rong two, diligent service is not a fixed number of; and set the female officer. According to the system of six bureaus and a division, agreed and not yet. After the Kangxi, the system is ready. Empress in the Palace; Royal Concubine a, Concubine two, consort four, concubines six, nobleman, often in, promised no fixed number, living in the East and West twelve palaces. East six palaces for Jingren, Chengqian, Zhongzi, Yanxi, Yonghe, Jingyang Palace, West six palaces for Yongshou, Yikun, storage show, Kaixiang, Changchun, Xianfu Palace. The Palace are all women for the order. Every three years choose the eight banners show women, the Ministry of the Lord; every year choose the flag of the Ministry of Internal Affairs show women, the Lord of the House of Representatives. Showgirls into the palace, consort, concubines, nobles but on the order. Selection of palace women, nobles above, can choose the family women; nobles below, but choose the Bay Tang A below women. Palace female child service, since the permanent, promised to progress to the consort, concubines, consort of all aunts, sisters do not go to the election. Emperor's grandmother said "Queen Mother", mother said "Empress Dowager", living in Cining, Shoukang, Ning Shou Palace. Consort of the previous dynasty, concubines said too, too concubine, with the Empress Dowager live with the heir to the Emperor, the years are more than fifty, is the first time to see each other.