Inauguration of the Provisional President in Nanjing
The office of Dr. Sun Yat-sen when he was inaugurated as the Provisional President in Nanjing was located in the compound of No. 292, Changjiang Road, Nanjing, China.
In October 1911, the Wuchang Uprising of the Xinhai Revolution under the leadership of Dr. Sun Yat-sen was a success.
On Dec. 29th, 45 delegates of the 17 provinces that had been part of the Uprising assembled in Nanjing, electing Dr. Sun Yat-sen as the Provisional President. On the New Year's Day of 1912, Dr. Sun Yat-sen took a special train from Shanghai to Nanjing and assumed the office of the first Provisional President of the Republic of China. The common people of Nanjing regarded this news as a great joy and told each other about it. They bought firecrackers, wrote couplets, sewed new clothes, cut pigtails, made multicolored flags, and put up lights and colors to welcome Dr. Sun Yat-sen as if it was a big year. At 10 p.m. that night, in the hall of this compound, the inauguration of the Provisional President was held, solemnly declaring the official establishment of the Provisional Government of the Republic of China.
Mr. Sun Yat-sen's office when he assumed the office of the provisional president, sitting north to south, *** there are five rooms. Each of them is arranged in the same way as it was back then, and appears to be very simple.
The four small rooms on the east side are Mr. Sun Yat-sen's office, the temporary lounge, the checkroom and the minister's conference room. In the room where Mr. Sun's office is located, there is a desk, a swivel chair, a file cabinet, a small bookcase and two sofas. On the desk, there were clerical items and a telephone, a lamp and a small alarm clock. On the wall hangs Mr. Sun Yat-sen ink "struggle" two words. It was in this very ordinary house that Dr. Sun declared the end of the Qing Dynasty and issued many important democratic decrees.
The large room on the west side is the General Director's Conference Room, which has a table covered with a tablecloth and 20 back chairs. On the east wall hangs the standard statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, flanked by two "five-color flags" representing the five nationalities of Han, Manchu, Mongolian, Hui, and Tibetan **** and. On the west wall is a huge photo. This is January 21, 1912 Mr. Sun Yat-sen personally presided over the first cabinet meeting of the provisional government of the Republic of China here. This photo not only left the precious moment when the meeting was held in this house, more meaningful is China's past 2,000 years of feudal rule, never is the emperor alone in the next imperial decree, all the ministers in the following orders, and this photo is a record of the president and cabinet members sitting around together **** the vivid scene of the state, reflecting the first time in the history of China's democratic nature of the state system.
Sun Yat-sen held office here from his inauguration on Jan. 1, 1912, until April 3, when he left office. In just 91 days, President Sun and the Nanjing Provisional Government under his leadership promulgated hundreds of policies and decrees in favor of social reform and the development of the national capitalist economy in the areas of politics, economy, military, diplomacy, culture and education, and formulated the Provisional Covenant Law of the Republic of China, the first bourgeois **** and state constitution in modern China. All these policies and decrees fully embodied the spirit of the times of reforming the old, changing customs and promoting democratic politics.
Mr. Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing as the provisional president during the period, often contact with the masses, participate in activities, inspection of the Lion Rock Battery, review of the Navy, etc., in Nanjing people but produced an unforgettable impression. Once, Sun Yat-sen led the attendant 6 people on horseback to inspect the Yuhua Fortress, back in the Yuhua Road was surrounded by the people, people want to see Sun Yat-sen's style, cheering "long live the president", Sun Yat-sen on the horse nodded and smiled. At this time, the police rushed to maintain order, some inspectors pulled out the command knife to wave, want to scare off the people. Sun Yat-sen immediately put a stop to this practice and said, "You can't do this to the common people."
Why Sun Yat-sen chose Nanjing as his capital, he once said, "Nanjing is located in a perfect area, where there are high mountains, deep water, and plains, which are three kinds of the world's bells and whistles, and it is difficult to find such a good place for a metropolis in the world." Sun Yat-sen and why he chose the Taiping Heavenly King's Mansion as the office and residence of the provisional president, which is related to his childhood often listen to the village Taiping Army veteran warrior Uncle Feng told the story of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, and later, he very much respected Hong Xiuquan. After Sun Yat-sen assumed the office of provisional president, he often received foreign guests and guests in the stone boat in the West Garden where Hong Xiuquan had rested.
Sun Yat-sen's body was enshrined in Nanjing
Sun Yat-sen passed away in Beijing on March 12, 1925, and on June 1, 1929, a grand ceremony was held in Nanjing.
The cemetery where Dr. Sun Yat-sen was buried in Nanjing was chosen by him personally. As early as March 31, 1912, Sun Yat-sen resigned as provisional president, the next morning, he asked Hu Hanmin and others to ride to Purple Mountain hunting, he climbed to the south slope of the central part of the mountain, looking out into the distance, felt relaxed, relaxed, fancy this piece of feng shui land, was happy to fellow travelers, said: "Waiting for him to pass away, when begging a piece of soil from the people to place the shell of the ear! to place the shell ear!" Legend has it that when Dr. Sun Yat-sen was the provisional president, the presiding elder of Linggu Temple also recommended this burial site to Dr. Sun Yat-sen. After Sun Yat-sen died, according to this wish before his death, the then Beiyang warlord government ordered the state burial of Sun Yat-sen in Nanjing Zijinshan south foot, by Sun Yat-sen's wife, Ms. Song Qingling, together with Sun Ke, Lin Huanting, etc., to the field survey, selected the site of the tomb, and from the newspaper reward for more than 40 mausoleum architectural design, selected to adopt the first prize-winning design of the famous architect Lv Yanzhi free bell pattern, in 1926, on March 12, the foundation stone laying ceremony was held. On March 12, 1926, the foundation stone was laid, and in the spring of 1929, it was completed.
On the morning of May 28, 1929, the body of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, which was parked at the Biyun Temple in Beijing, was transported to Nanjing by a special train. at 4:25 a.m. on the morning of June 1, the hearse started its journey. From the central party headquarters to the mausoleum 20 miles, the road on both sides of a sea of people, the masses in the 500,000 people. 9:20, the hearse line to the mausoleum of zhongshan, by the kangfu embracing the coffin along the stone steps slowly forward to the sacrificial hall, the band played the mournful music in the lead. 10:00 a.m., the ceremony was held in peace. At that time, the salute 101, the whole country stop working, 3 minutes of silence. At 12 noon, the burial was completed, by Song Qingling rate of family members will be the tomb door seal, solemn and grand ceremony concluded. In the tomb above the large garden built in the Xieng Khouang has a marble sarcophagus, covered by the Japanese sculptor Gaoqi refined Sun Yat-sen reclining statue, for people to admire. Fengan, Nanjing, the Mausoleum of Dr. Sun Yat-sen fame at home and abroad, to come to see a steady stream of people, increasing year by year, in 2005 for more than 2.5 million people.
Buildings in Nanjing named after Dr. Sun Yat-sen
When Dr. Sun Yat-sen was enshrined in Nanjing in 1929, the National Government named the piers, roads, bridges and gates that the coffin of Dr. Sun Yat-sen passed through after Dr. Sun Yat-sen as "Yat-sen". After the founding of New China, the people's government respected Dr. Sun Yat-sen so much that it kept the names of these buildings and continued to protect, repair and expand them. Today, Zhongshan Pier, Zhongshan Bridge, Zhongshan North Road, Zhongshan Road, Zhongshan East Road, Yixian Bridge and Zhongshan Gate, all named after "Zhongshan", have undergone great changes and are showing their new splendor to the people.
Zhongshan Pier was originally called Flying River Pier, when the scale is very small, now appears to be extraordinary, showing a busy scene. Since the completion of the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, the north-south traffic from water transport to the main land transport, but this has a glorious history of Zhongshan Terminal, is still burdened with heavy passenger and freight transportation tasks. With Zhongshan dock adjacent to the port of Nanjing, has become China's largest port of the river, to achieve and exceed the year Mr. Sun Yat-sen "strategy for building the country" industrial plan to build the ideal of Nanjing.
In the more than 10 kilometers long Zhongshan North Road, Zhongshan Road and Zhongshan East Road Avenue, slow fast lane are asphalt, very flat, vehicle traffic, dust. Roadside planted all over the French sycamore and other street trees, like road guards arranged in rows, neat and beautiful. In summer, the tall branches and leaves intertwine with each other, constituting a green corridor, making people cool and comfortable. Back then, some high slopes, wasteland, vegetable beds and ponds on both sides of Zhongshan Mountain Road were replaced by new buildings. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, Nanjing, the highest building only 7-storey, and now more than 8-storey buildings abound, there have been 1,608, plus under construction *** up to 2,200, of which more than 100 meters of ultra-high-rise buildings for 124, the highest of the New Century Plaza is 53-storey, up to 232.2 meters. In contrast, the original magnificent national government when the Executive Yuan, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Transportation, the Ministry of Railways and other palatial houses, although all remain intact, but has appeared to be very small.
The five squares on the avenue from Zhongshan Dock to Xinjiekou were newly built or expanded. Drum Tower Square was expanded to four times its original size, with five thoroughfares intersecting here. A new square was built on Jehol Road, and Yancangqiao Square was expanded.
On Zhongshan East Road from Xinjiekou to Zhongshan Mausoleum, there are Yixian Bridge and Zhongshan Gate. Yat-sen Bridge is named after Mr. Sun Yat-sen's alias, was a simple wooden bridge, is now expanding with cement, the bridge widened twice as much, fresh and elegant, very pleasing to the eye. Zhongshan Gate was originally called Chaoyang Gate. This with a huge brick masonry of the towering city gate, majestic. The gates of Nanjing were mainly built during the Ming Dynasty, "13 inside and 18 outside", and Zhongshanmen belongs to the inner city.
The Chinese ****production party once formally made a resolution to strictly prohibit streets and other buildings named after people, but for Dr. Sun Yat-sen is the only exception. 50 years, has been so, this respect for Dr. Sun Yat-sen's sentiments, it is touching. The great patriot is indeed a thousand years, all the world's admiration.