At the end of the Qin Dynasty, the world was in great chaos, and a great number of men rose up. After years of fighting, Liu Bang came to the top and won the world by defeating Xiang Yu. However, within a few days, the king of Huainan, Ying Bu, revolted, and his army was so strong that Liu Bang had to go on an expedition himself. On his way back to his hometown of Pei County, Liu Bang went back to his hometown of Pei County, and had a good time with his old friends and neighbors for ten days. Once at a lively banquet, remembering the danger of the world, Liu Bang sang sadly:
The great wind rises and the clouds fly,
Weiga Hai Nei Ruoxi return to the hometown.
And the fierce warriors will guard the four directions!
"The wind rises and the clouds fly" is a metaphor for the world's chaos, and sometimes it also refers to the sadness of touching the scene.
(From "Han Shu o Gao Di Ji")
Material 2:
Gong Zizhen was a native of Renhe (Hangzhou), Zhejiang Province, at the end of the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Gong Zizhen's era, the Qing Dynasty began to decline rapidly, polarization of the rich and poor, social problems and crises. Gong Zizhen advocated the emigration and reclamation of Xinjiang in order to develop the western economy and consolidate the border defense (《西域置行省议》); he wrote to Lin Zexu, hoping to ban opium. Daoguang nineteen years, is the outbreak of the Opium War on the eve of, due to the offense of the military minister Mu Changa, Gong Zizhen had to abandon his post to leave the capital southbound.
Gong Zizhen southbound through Zhenjiang, but see the street crowded, bustling: people carrying the Jade Emperor, the God of Wind, the God of Thunder in the pious worship. At this time, someone recognized Gong Zizhen. A Taoist priest immediately pleaded with Gong Zizhen to write an offering, Gong Zizhen wrote: "nine states are angry with the wind and thunder, 10,000 horses dark can be sad; I advise the God of heaven to shake again, not confine themselves to one style of lowering talent." (To wit: China relies on the wind and thunder like change to have vitality, this kind of dead air is indeed sad. I hope that the God of Heaven will revitalize itself, not sticking to the norms, and give us useful talents). The word "unconventional" refers to not being limited to one specification or way of doing things.
(From "Miscellany of Poems of the Heihai Period")
Material 3:
After a long period of diligent governance and the assistance of a large number of good ministers and wise ministers, such as Yao Chong and Song Jing, Emperor Li Longji of the Tang Xuanzong Dynasty created a 30-year-long Kaiyuan period of prosperity, in which the world was at peace with itself, the people were happy to live and work, and people came from all directions to visit the Emperor. However, after the Tianbao period, Emperor Tang Xuanzong began to enjoy himself, ignored the government, and used treacherous officials such as Li Linfu and Yang Guozhong, etc. At the same time, due to the policy of expanding the territory and militarizing the country, the Tang Dynasty set up the provincial ministers in the border areas, and stationed heavy military forces there. Later on, the number of the section ministers and the troops stationed at the border increased continuously. By the first year of Tianbao, the number of section ministers had increased to 10, and the number of troops had increased to 490,000. The huge troop strength consumed a great deal of the country's financial and material resources, and social unrest lurked in the community.
Du Fu saw recruits going to the front line "without seeing the dust of the Xianyang Bridge", and his parents' wives "holding their clothes and stopping the road to cry", and was y worried about the fate of the country, and he wrote:
Rolling the bow when pulling a strong one, and using arrows when using a long one;
Shooting a man before shooting a horse, and capturing a thief before capturing the king.
The killing of people is also limited, and the kingdom has its own borders.
If we can stop the invasion, how can we kill more people?
However, no one listened to him because he was a man of few words. A few years later, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and the Tang Dynasty nearly collapsed, and the Tang Dynasty has been in decline ever since.
The idiom of "catching the thief first, catching the king first" refers to the fact that one must first seize the key to do something.
(From "Exodus from the Front" No. 6)
Material 4:
In the 13th year of Jian'an reign of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty, Sun Quan and Liu Bei defeated the mighty Cao Cao at Red Cliff by using a fire attack, establishing the situation of the Tripartite Kingdom of the Three Kingdoms. More than six hundred years later, Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty, strolling through this ancient battlefield, no longer felt the tension of the coming war. Lamenting that time has changed, the poet wrote this song, "Red Cliff":
The iron has not yet been removed from the halberd,
Since I have recognized the previous dynasty with a clean slate, I have not been able to see it.
The east wind is not with Zhou Lang,
The bronze sparrow spring deep pin two Qiao.
The phrase "to sink the halberd" describes a disastrous failure.
(From "Red Cliff" by Du Mu)
Material 5:
Lu You (1125-1210 AD) was a patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty. Because of his insistence on advocating resistance to the Jin Dynasty, Lu You was repeatedly attacked by the peacemakers. In 1166 AD, at the age of forty-two, Lu You was dismissed from his official position. With no way to serve his country, Lu You returned to his hometown of Shanyin (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), filled with grief and anger. He locked himself up in his home all day long to read, often accompanied by a green lamp, sitting alone until late at night.
In April of the next year, the countryside was full of drums and whistles in preparation for the Spring Festival (a day of worship to the gods of the land), and there was a joyful atmosphere. Lu You suddenly wanted to see the Western Mountains twenty miles away. So he set off with his walking stick. As he walked, the mountain road gradually circled up. After another hour or so of walking, the crowds gradually thinned out. When he ascended a slope, look out, the mountains in front of him, the road is cut off, as if it is impossible to move forward. Lu You interest is strong, refused to turn back, along the hillside and out of a few dozen steps, turned the corner, suddenly not far ahead, there is an open valley, a small village hidden in the green willow and red flowers (dark flowers), as if the legend of the Peach Blossom Garden. Lu You was very happy, into this small village, simple clothing, innocent villagers with their own brewed wine hospitality to the guests.
With this unforgettable experience and feeling, Lu You regained his vigor. He wrote "Traveling to Shanxi Village":
Don't laugh at the muddy wine in the farmers' house,
The guests were treated with chicken and dolphin in the year of harvest.
There is no way out of the mountains,
There is another village in the darkness.
The drums and pipes follow the spring festival,
and the ancient style of simple clothing survives.
From now on, if you are free to ride on the moon,
the staff will not be able to knock on the door at night.
The word "darkness" refers to a sudden turnaround in a stalemate.
(From Lu You's poem "Traveling to Shanxi Village"
Material 6:
Liu Yuxi (772-842) was a poet of the Middle Tang Dynasty. In 805 AD, he was relegated to Langzhou (Changzhou, Hunan Province) as the Secretary of Department of Justice because he was implicated in Wang Shuwen's "Yongzhen Reform". Nine years later, Liu Yuxi, who was in his forties, was recalled to Chang'an. When he heard that the thousands of peach blossoms in Xuan Du Guan (玄都觀) were in full bloom, he went there with his friends to enjoy them and wrote a poem entitled "Traveling to Xuan Du Guan": "Purple strangers and red dust brushing against my face, no one would not say that I would return to look at the blossoms. There are thousands of peach trees in Xuan Du Guan, all of which were planted after the departure of Liu Lang." Because of this poem, he was relegated to the position of assassin of Baozhou (Zunyi, Guizhou), which was later changed to the position of assassin of Lianzhou (Lian County, Guangdong), and then transferred to Kui (Kui Kui) Prefecture (Fengjie, Sichuan Province), and Wazhou Prefecture (Hexian, Anhui Province), where he was dismissed from his post. Fourteen years later, Liu Yuxi was again recalled to Chang'an. The bustle of Xuan Du Guan was no longer there: a thousand peach blossoms were gone, and only a few clumps of cauliflower on the moss swayed in the spring breeze.
The poet was very emotional and wrote a poem called "Re-visiting Xuan Du Guan", which reads: "The peach blossoms are half moss in the courtyard of a hundred acres, and the vegetable blossoms are in bloom after the peach blossoms have been cleaned. Where is the Taoist monk who planted peaches? The former Liu Lang is here again!"
The phrase "Liu Lang in the past" means that people have gone away and come back again.
Material 7:
Qiankang and Qiqi were both monks in the Tang Dynasty. When Qi Ji was at Daolin Temple in western Hunan, Qian Kang went to pay his respects. The doorkeeper said, "Those who associate with my master are those who can compose poems, please compose a stanza as a door slash." Qiankang said:
The red dust on the other side of the shore is as busy as fire, and the green roaches in the pavilion are as cold as ice.
The boy who cooks tea will not ask, but reports that the door is a diamond monk.
The whole poem is about:
The people in the red dust on the other side of the river are busy like fire,
The people in front of the temple in the mountain are cold as ice.
The boy who makes tea, please don't make it any harder for me,
Just say that the visitor at the door is a poor monk.
Qiqi was overjoyed to hear this, and every day he treated Qiankang as his guest.
People derived from this the idiom of "watching the fire from across the river", which refers to watching someone else's busy life from across the river, or watching from the sidelines to see what's going on without helping others in distress. The idiom of "watching the fire from across the river" was derived from it.
(From Sun Tao's "All Tang Poems")
Material 8:
Lu You was born in the weak and impoverished Southern Song Dynasty, and his life's ambition was to restore the Central Plains. However, due to the strong power of the peace faction at that time, Lu You was ostracized. When he was thirty years old, he was removed from the examination of the Ministry of Rites, and at the age of forty-two, he was dismissed from his post. At the age of forty-six, Lu You went to Shu to become the general judge of Kui State (present-day Fengjie, Sichuan Province), and a year later, at the request of Wang Yan, the governor of Sichuan, he went into military affairs, which made Lu You very excited because the governor of Sichuan was stationed in Nanzheng (present-day Hanzhong, Shaanxi Province), which was the frontline of the resistance against the Jin Dynasty; and Wang Yan was the leader of the anti-war faction. Lu You actively devoted himself to military life, and set his horse to travel all over the Nanzheng front line, offering advice for the Northern Expedition. But a few months later, Wang Yan was recalled, the shogunate was dissolved, Lu You was also transferred back to Chengdu to serve as a senator of the idle, which for the dream are "soldiers and iron horses" Lu You is really difficult to endure, he wrote in the "guest sadness" poem:
Riding out of no attainment, the end of the house is the guest sadness invasion.
Pale face and gray hair into a bad situation, yellow scrolls and green lamps empty bitter heart.
Composition:
Riding out on horseback, I didn't know where to go,
and coming back to sit in the house, my nostalgia gradually surged up.
The face was haggard, the hair was gray, and the strength of the body was failing,
Only the yellow scroll and the green lamp made people forget their troubles.
"Yellow scrolls and green lamps" means that ancient books were written on yellow paper, and oil lamps emitted green light. It describes the lonely life of reading late at night.
(From Lu You's "Jiannan Poems o Guest Sorrows (excerpts)")
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