Hangzhou West Lake
Scenic spot category
Natural landscape and human landscape
Location of scenic spots
China-Zhejiang-Hangzhou
Overview of scenic spots
Hangzhou is located in the southern wing of the Yangtze River Delta, the western end of Hangzhou Bay, the lower reaches of Qiantang River and the southern end of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is an important central city in the Yangtze River Delta and a transportation hub in the southeast of China. The geographical coordinates of Hangzhou urban area are 30 degrees north latitude 16 minutes and 0/20 degrees east longitude 12 minutes. Hangzhou has a subtropical monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, mild and humid, abundant sunshine and rainfall. Annual average temperature 16.2℃, summer average temperature 28.6℃, winter average temperature 3.8℃. The frost-free period is 230-260 days. The annual average rainfall is 1435mm, and the average relative humidity is 76%.
West Lake is located in the center of Hangzhou, formerly known as Wulin Water, Qiantang Lake and Xizi Lake, and was called West Lake in the Song Dynasty. The Hunan is 3.3 kilometers long in the north and 2.8 kilometers wide in the east and west. The original water surface area is 5.66 square kilometers, of which the island in the lake is 6.3 square kilometers, and the circumference of the lake shore is 15 kilometers. The average water depth is about 2.27 meters, with the muddy part exceeding 5 meters and the shallowest part less than 1 meter. Today, the West Lake has expanded to 6.5 square kilometers, basically reaching the area of the West Lake 300 years ago. Su Causeway and Bai Causeway divided the lake into five parts: Lihu Lake, Waihu Lake, Yuehu Lake, Xili Lake and Xiaonanhu Lake. After the West Lake is connected with Qiantang River, about 300,000 cubic meters of Qiantang River water is introduced every day. The water in the West Lake has changed from once a year to once a month, and the transparency has increased from less than 60 cm to 120 cm.
There were as many as 36 lakes named after the West Lake in ancient China, of which Hangzhou West Lake was the most famous. For example, it is simply called West Lake, which usually refers to West Lake in Hangzhou. West Lake is a world-famous scenic spot with a long history, numerous historical sites, beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery.
The West Lake is full of scenic spots. In addition to the "Ten Scenes of Qiantang" and "Eighteen Scenes of West Lake" in history, the most famous ones are the "Ten Scenes of West Lake" named in the Southern Song Dynasty and the "Ten Scenes of New West Lake" awarded by 1985. There are more than 40 major scenic spots and more than 30 key cultural relics and historic sites in the 60-square Axiom Garden scenic area centered on the West Lake. To sum up, the scenery of the West Lake is dominated by one lake, two peaks, three springs, four temples, five mountains, six gardens, seven caves, eight tombs, nine streams and ten views. 1982 West Lake was designated as a national scenic spot, and 1985 was named "Top Ten Scenic Spots in China". On May 8, 2007, Hangzhou West Lake Scenic Area was officially approved by the National Tourism Administration as a national 5A-level tourist attraction.
Scenic spot evaluation
The West Lake is a poem, a natural picture and a beautiful story. People who have lived here for many years, or travelers who pass by in a hurry, are fascinated by the beautiful scenery of a Chinese Odyssey. In the spring of March, Fei Ying grass begins to grow. The two dikes are plain white, and the peaches and willows sandwich the shore. There are waves and cruise ships on both sides, and empty mountains and green waters in the distance. Walking on the embankment at this time, you will be amazed at the scenery in front of you, even ecstatic, and wonder if you have entered the fairyland.
The beautiful scenery of the West Lake is not only unique in spring, but also meets the lotus flowers in the sky in summer, the moonlight-soaked Santan Yinyue in autumn night, the red plum in the shadow after the winter snow, and the willow cage screen window and the songbirds on the balcony in the misty rain-no matter when you come, you will appreciate the unusual style.
[Main Landscape]
Ten Scenes of Old West Lake
The Ten Scenes of the Old West Lake were formed in the Southern Song Dynasty. The scenic spots are basically distributed around the West Lake, and the others are all by the West Lake.
○ Three pools printing the moon
A. Nanping night clock
○ Twin peaks in the clouds.
Leifeng sunset
Watching fish in Huagang.
Liu Lang Wenying
○ Broken bridge and residual snow
Autumn moon in Pinghu
Quyuan fenghe
Su Causeway, Xiao Chun.
The ten scenic spots of the West Lake are all good at winning, and together they can represent the essence of the scenic spots of the ancient West Lake. Therefore, whether it is a native of Hangzhou or a foreign tourist, it is said first and then traveled.
Bamboo Path in Yun Qi
The Ten Scenes of the New West Lake were determined in 1985 through the active participation of Hangzhou citizens and local people and after repeated deliberation by the expert selection committee.
○ Jade Emperor Flying Cloud
Wushan tianfeng
A soft shield ring.
○ Manguilong Rain
Longjing tea
nine creeks in misty forest
Huanglong Cui Tu
Hupao Spring
○ Gemstone Flowing Xia
Yun Qi Bamboo Trail
Fifteen scenic spots of the new West Lake
Including West Lake 15 scenic spots, including "one street, two pavilions, three gardens, four tombs and five views".
○ First Street in Beishan Street Historical and Cultural District
Hall 2, China Tea Museum, Su Dongpo Memorial Hall.
○ Three Gardens, Yun Qi Scenic Area, Renshou Mountain Park and Longhongjian Scenic Area.
○ Four Tombs, Gong Chenyu's Tomb, Su Xiaoxiao's Tomb, Tomb and Tomb.
○ Five scenic spots, Zhujiajia, Lu Wei, Yucen Poetry Society, Liuyushan Residence and Santaige.
Thirty-six scenic spots of New West Lake
Li Gengtang
○ Langdangling (entrance)
○ Memorial Room of Premier Zhou Enlai in meijiawu
Tang Shengmen
○ Kyle Poirot and Hangzhou Memorial Sculpture
○ Farewell to Bai Gong (Farewell to Bai Juyi's group sculpture)
Xintai hotel
Volunteer statue
○ Monument to the fallen soldiers in the Battle of Songhu
○ Tang Sheng Road Villa Group
Qingqi camp and training ground
○ Storm Pavilion (Storm Bridge, Xiaodejing)
○ Tang water diversion memorial card
Yang Gongdi Monument Pavilion
Yongfu bridge
Yujian bridge
Jingxing ancient bridge
Songhe mountain villa
Li Hong Villa
Faxiang Zhang Tang
Huang Mao building.
○ Wuzhuangyuan Square
○ Zijiu Caotang
○ Yu Qu Yuanmu (including Youtai Fairy Hall)
○ Damailing Sudongpo Cliff Stone Carvings
○ Tomb of Yuqian (Temple)
Zhao memorial pavilion
○ Wufeng Caotang
○ Maoxiang Ancient Road (including Tongli Ancient Bridge)
Lanyuan
A small secluded garden
Tianze building
Zhaogongdi
○ Yannan Luji (former residence of Gai Jiaotian)
○ Around blue lagoon Villa
○ Fengheyu Wine Shop
Evolution of scenic spots in West Lake
Since the Southern Song Dynasty moved the capital, it has brought unprecedented prosperity to the West Lake, with the emergence of the famous "Ten Scenes of the West Lake", including the autumn moon in Pinghu, the spring dawn in Su Causeway, the residual snow on the bridge, the sunset glow of Leifeng, the midnight bell in Nanping, the wind lotus of Qu Yuan, the fish watching in Huagang, the singing of willow waves, the moonlight in Santan and the clouds with double peaks.
Following the example of the Song Dynasty, Yuan people set up Six Bridges, Liu Liyunshang, Lingshiqiao Pavilion, Gushan Xue Ji, Beiguan Night Market, Geling Chaozuo, Zhejiang, Cold Spring Ape Shaw, Two Peaks and White Clouds, and Benyuan Ten Scenes in jathyapple, West Lake.
In the Qing Dynasty, 18 scenic spots were added, including Hushan Chunshe, Gongde Chongfang, Hai Xia Xishuang, Meilin He Jiong, Yuqiu Maqiurong, Lianchi Songshe, Baoshifeng Pavilion, Tingwan Riding and Shooting, Jiaoshi Mingqin, Yuquan Yuyue, Fengling Songtao, Lakeview, Wu Shan Daguan, Tianzhuxiang City, Yun Qi Fan Jing, low-light sea view, and so on.
Until the new ten scenic spots of the modern West Lake, Yun Qi Bamboo Trail, Manlong Guiyu, Tiger Running Mooncherry, Longjing Tea, Jiuxi Smoke Tree, Wushan Tianfeng, Soft Pier Huanbi, Huanglong Cui Tu, Jade Emperor Feiyun and Gem Liuxia all show people's love for the West Lake.
Then, in 2007, the West Lake Expo in Hangzhou, China selected the latest ten scenic spots in the West Lake, including Lingyin Zen, Liuhe Tingtao, Qixia of Yuemu, Yanyu on the lakeside, Qianci Biao Zhong, Academy, Jingxing of Di Yang, Santai Yunshui, Meiwu Chunzao, and North Street Dream Seeking.
The origin of the name of West Lake
The West Lake in Hangzhou was first recorded by Ban Gu in the Geography of Han Shu (Volume 28) in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Wulin Mountain is the place where Wulin water goes. East into the sea, 830 miles. " It is generally believed that Wulin Mountain is the general name of the mountains around Lingyin and Tianzhu. Nanxi and Beixi, which originated here, flow into Jinsha River and flow eastward into West Lake, which is the largest natural water source of the West Lake. So the name "Wulin Water" is the earliest recorded name of West Lake.
Li Daoyuan's Notes on Water Classics in the Northern Wei Dynasty recorded: "There is Mingsheng Lake near the Nanjiang River in the county. According to the legend of elders, there are Taurus in the lake. Seeing it in ancient times, it is unpredictable, and the lake is named. " At this time, two other ancient names of West Lake were derived: Ming Sheng Lake and Jinniu Lake.
Around the Eastern Han Dynasty, a local official named Huaxin built a pond in the east of West Lake to prevent the salt tide of Qiantang River, hence the name Qiantang Lake. This is the general name of Tang Tang West Lake. In Bai Juyi's poems, Qiantang Lake is often mentioned. For example, in answering a guest's question about Hangzhou, "Indigo is piled up in Tianzhu Mountain, and green oil is shed in Qiantang Lake". The poet Zhang Hu also wrote a poem called "Early Spring Night in Qiantang River".
The name "West" Lake appeared because the original Qiantang County moved from the west to the east of the West Lake after the Sui Dynasty, that is, Qiantang Lake, which was originally in the east of the city, is now located in the west of the city. Lake lives in the west of the city, hence the name West Lake, just like other places with the same name in China. At the latest in the Tang Dynasty, the title of "West Lake" has been frequently used. It is also a poem by Bai Juyi, and the word "West Lake" is often used. For example, his poems include "West Lake Night Return to Gushan Temple to Offer Guests", "West Lake Farewell" and so on.
After Su Shi (Dongpo), a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, sang the eternal swan song "If you want to compare the West Lake to Chinese calligraphy, light makeup is always appropriate" in his famous poem "Drinking on the lake after the rain", the West Lake has the reputation of Chinese calligraphy lake. It was a peerless beauty of Yue in the Spring and Autumn Period. Compared with dozens of lakes named after West Lake in the world, only West Lake in Hangzhou deserves such a high reputation. During the Southern Song Dynasty, the West Lake was extremely prosperous and gorgeous. Jiangnan ruling group did not want to restore their homeland, but indulged in lakes, mountains and luxuries, spending money like water and reveling. So the West Lake is called "selling gold pot", which is very appropriate and very spicy.
In addition to the names mentioned above, West Lake has many aliases, such as Longchuan, Ganyuan, Hanshi Lake, Fangshengchi, Shang Hu, Gaoshi Lake, Yueming Lake, Ren Mei Lake and so on. Each alias has its own origin. Hanshi Lake was built by Bai Juyi during the reign of Tang Changqing to store water and drain water. The upper lake in the north is relative to the lower lake; The release pond was obtained because Wang Qinruo, the governor of Hangzhou, invited the West Lake as the release pond during the Jubilee of the Northern Song Dynasty. Sage Lake is a key to the literati architecture in the Southern Song Dynasty, and it is known as the sage of the West Lake. Wait, wait. There are so many elegant names of West Lake, which just shows her long history, beautiful scenery, rich cultural connotation and charming charm from one side.
Related poems
Topic Andy Lin
Lin Sheng
When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?
Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent!
Drinking in the lake is clear after the rain.
-Su Shi
The water is bright and sunny, and the mountains are cloudy and rainy.
If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate.
Lin Zifang of Chu Xiao Jingci School.
-Yang Wanli
It is the scenery of the West Lake in June, which is really different from other seasons.
Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun.