Traditional festivals of Dai people. It was held in June of the Dai calendar (around Tomb-Sweeping Day).
The Dai calendar begins in June, which is also the Dai New Year. Originated from Hinayana Buddhism, water is used to wash the dust for the Buddha, so it is also called Buddha washing festival. According to legend, this festival is to commemorate a girl who defeated the devil. Legend has it that there was a demon king who did all kinds of evil and the people hated him. A girl was snatched by the devil and became his wife. She was determined to kill the people, so she pulled out the devil's hair and pulled off his head while he was sleeping. However, the head of the devil will still be worshipped. It will catch fire everywhere when it burns. If you throw it into the river, the river will boil and overflow, and if you bury it in the ground, it will stink. So, 12 wives of the demon king took turns to hold the head of the demon king on themselves and wash it with water once a day. In order to thank these 12 wives, the Dai people splash water every year to show their filth, which has gradually evolved into a custom.
The Songkran Festival usually lasts for three or four days. On the first day, it sends the old and welcomes the new. In this section, the Dai people in Xishuangbanna are called "Shanghan" and the Dai people in Dehong are called "Shanglian", which means turnover and transfer. It means that the sun runs once on the ecliptic to start a new year. On the morning of the festival, people will gather flowers in the Buddhist temple to worship, build towers in the temple and listen to the Buddha chanting; Pick clear water at noon to welcome dust for the Buddha statue. After the ceremony, they crowded out of the street, played and chased, and splashed water on each other to show their blessings. Clear water symbolizes auspiciousness and can eliminate disasters and diseases, so everyone throws water at each other. In addition, people will hold dragon boat races on the Lancang River, and will promote village competitions and carry out mass song and dance activities. During the dragon boat race, the two sides were crowded with spectators, gongs and drums were loud, and laughter and laughter gathered. Goldman Sachs is a self-made fireworks of the Dai people. With a few meters long bamboo, hollowed out in the middle, filled with gunpowder, put it on an elevated frame, light a lead bullet, and push the bamboo tube into the sky. Fireworks flashing in the air are dazzling, especially at night. Young men and women dance with the accompaniment of elephant-foot drums and gongs, play lost-package games, fall in love and choose spouses, which adds to the festive atmosphere. Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and other countries also have this custom.
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Traditional festivals of Yi people. Your language is Tang De. It is held on the eighth day of the second lunar month every year. Prevalent in Yunnan, Fugong and other regions. At that time, men, women and children dressed in national costumes will gather in the Knife Pole Square. Two thick wooden poles more than 20 meters long are erected in the square, and 36 or 72 sharp long knives are tied to the wooden poles, with the blades facing upwards, forming a zigzag ladder shape. Where there are three or six knives, the two knives cross into an X shape, and a small red flag and firecrackers are hung at the top of the knife pole. Most climbers are young and middle-aged people. They are dressed in red cloth, with red cloth around their heads and bare feet.
With the blazing fire and the loud gong, the pole climbing began. Boys jump into the fire barefoot and jump around in the fire amid people's cheers. This is called "going into the fire" and "rolling into the fire". They also pass the red-hot chain from one hand to the other, which is called "fire chain"; Holding the flame in both hands to the face is called "washing the fire face". After the song and dance, the young man who had been trained in the early stage jumped on the knife pole barefoot, stepped on the sharp knife, climbed the knife edge with both hands, climbed up step by step, climbed to the top to light firecrackers, threw the national flag at the cheering crowd, and then dropped to the ground step by step. People have come forward to offer wine. Young people talk songs and socialize. According to legend, this festival began in the Ming Dynasty. Wang Ji, the minister of the Ministry of War, led troops to the Yi people's inhabited areas in Yunnan to recover the land occupied by foreigners and organize Yi compatriots to practice martial arts and defend themselves. After Wang Ji was invited, he was trapped and killed on February 8. In order to carry forward the brave and tenacious spirit of resisting the enemy, our compatriots encouraged the brave spirit by climbing the knife pole symbolizing going up the mountain and going down the sea of fire, and then formed a fixed festival. In modern times, this activity has become a traditional sports activity of the Yi people.
Torch Festival:
Torch Festival was called "Chinese Valentine's Day" in ancient times. Different nationalities have different interpretations of festivals. Yi people mainly want to prevent insects and celebrate the harvest. There are different legends about the origin of the Torch Festival: First, it is said that the gods fought with the land gods, and people used torches to help the land gods kill insects and defeat them; One is from Nanzhao unofficial history and Yunnan Department of Normal School. In these two books, Pelog, the leader of Nanzhao, tried to annex five other imperial edicts and will be burned to death in Songming Building. Deng Ruo's wife advised her husband not to go, but his husband was not killed. Charity closed the city and died, and Yunnan people burned it with torches.
Torch Festival is a traditional festival of Yi, Bai, Naxi, Lahu, Hani and Pumi. Yi, Naxi and Jinuo nationalities are on June 24th, Bai on June 25th and Lahu on June 20th. This festival lasts for two or three days.
The Yi people in Wuding believe that after the Torch Festival, ears of grain will grow as thick as torches. Later generations used this as a sacrifice to drive away ghosts and evil spirits at home, so as to keep people and animals safe. During the festival, young men and women of all ethnic groups light torches made of pine, go to the village fields for activities, sprinkle rosin on the torches while walking, or hold rallies, sing and dance, or race horses, bullfights and wrestle. In modern times, people use the opportunity of parties to socialize or meet lovers, and conduct business activities on festivals.
Shilin Scenic Area brings together tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists. People hold torches, drink, sing and dance, and hold bonfire parties. The stone forest has become a "night sky", and the fire is shining everywhere. The Yi youth by the bonfire played the flute, plucked the big three strings and danced while playing. The girls clapped their hands and danced to the cheerful and melodious national music. The strong and cheerful rhythm makes the tourists join the dance with great interest, and often the jump is a great success.
"Torch Festival" is also a grand festival of Bai nationality, which is held every year on June 25th in the summer calendar. This is an activity that the Bai people wish for a bumper harvest and the prosperity of people and animals before the autumn harvest. That night, torches were erected in front of every household, and a public fire was lit at the entrance of the village, with red and green paper flags on it and some auspicious sentences written. The villagers carried torches and walked in the fields for a week to catch pests. In addition, there are "going around three souls" and "playing in the sea", where cultural activities such as boating and releasing animals will be held.
Head and brain longitudinal song:
A grand traditional festival of Jingpo nationality. Song of Eyes and Brain is translated by Jingpo Phonetics, which means "Everyone dances". Festivals are usually held on two of the nine days after the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. Originally, it was a ceremony to worship the Jingpo god "Mu Dai". There is an eye-brain square with four eye-brain columns erected in the center, about 20 meters high. There are patterns on both sides of the column: bracken is painted on the right, which is a symbol of unity and progress; Draw some squares on the left and paint them in different colors to show the migration route of Jingpo ancestors. The two long knives crossed between the two pillars in the middle hung high, symbolizing the brave and resolute character of Jingpo people. There is a transverse plate at the lower end, which connects four columns. The horizontal board is painted with patterns such as sun, moon, horse, dragon, rabbit, tiger, cow, pig, dog, chicken, grain and farm tools. There are two high platforms beside the pillars of the brain, indicating the expectation for the future. Various national musical instruments, such as big gongs and big leather drums, are hung on the wooden stakes around the high platform.
People gathered in the square in holiday clothes. First, the music was played in unison, and drums, drums and gongs were resplendent, and then a group of Jingpo women appeared. They have a gift basket on their heads, which contains eggs, glutinous rice and rice wine. Then the salute rang and the girls toasted the old man and the guests. Then, along with the drums of music, men hold long knives, women hold flower fans or colored handkerchiefs, and line up to follow the "brain double" (leading dancers) to dance happily and methodically. "Brain Double" is held by the old man, wearing a peacock feather hat and waving a long knife, walking in front of the team and leading the dance team out of various symbolic figures. People exchange gifts, toast each other, dance together and stay up all night.
March Street:
"March Street", also known as "Guanyin City", is a grand festival and street period for the Bai people. It is held every year from March 15 to 20 in the lunar calendar at the foot of Zhonghe Peak in Cangshan, western Dali, and in the wilderness beside Zhonghe River.
Legend has it that during Nanzhao period, on the 15th day of the third lunar month, "Guanyin Bodhisattva" went to Dali to give lectures, and all believers bathed and fasted, and went to the Buddhist temple to worship and recite scriptures. It has gradually evolved into a trade fair and a national activity with strong national characteristics.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, businessmen from Sichuan, Tibet and Jiangnan provinces came here to do business. It is not only a place for communication, but also a garden for performing various dances, horse races and competitions.
Businessmen gathered in March Street, and horse racing, archery, singing Big Ben and jumping the whip of the overlord were very lively. As the movie "Five Golden Flowers" sings: "Every March Street, people come from all directions, and people of all ethnic groups sing together and do business by horse racing." . It has developed into an annual prosperous material exchange and national sports literature and art conference for people of all ethnic groups in western Yunnan, which has played a positive role in strengthening national unity and promoting economic exchanges among all ethnic groups. In recent years, people at home and abroad and all provinces and cities have heard of it, reaching the peak of 200 thousand people.
Salat:
Traditional grand festival of Hani nationality. "Zallet" is a transliteration of hani language, also called "Danian". It is held in October of the lunar calendar, also known as October, on the first dragon day of October of the lunar calendar, and lasts for 5 days until the end of the Year of the Monkey. Hani people believe in primitive religion, and Zalaite Festival is mainly for offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors. Activities during the festival include:
On the day of the festival, every family will kill a red-haired rooster in the yard and cook food on the spot, which means offering sacrifices to heaven. All members of the family should eat a piece of chicken, but married girls can't eat it.
(2) Every family will put some food and wine on the roadside in the morning and evening to show their ancestor worship.
Send three rice balls and some cooked meat to the oldest person in the clan to show that they will not forget the clan.
(4) From the third day of the festival, the villagers bring their own food and drinks outside the priest's house in the afternoon, which is presided over by the priest and invites singers to sing long traditional folk poems. After the sacrifice, every table was placed in the center of the street in the village, where * * * shared a feast, * * * shared happiness and * * * shared entertainment, so it was also called "street banquet". During the festival, young men and women can communicate freely, talk about love and have fun. Every family should kill chickens and pigs, pour glutinous rice to make glutinous rice, and offer jiaozi sacrifices to the gods and ancestors, symbolizing the prosperity of human beings and six animals.
Butter sculpture Lantern Festival:
Tibetan traditional grand event. Tibetan is called "outstanding beauty" and is popular in Tibetan areas. It is held on the fifteenth day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar (the third month of the lunar calendar). Also known as "Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month". According to legend, Zong Kaba, the ancestor of the Yellow Sect, once offered butter sculptures and a large number of lanterns and butter lamps to the statue of Sakyamuni in Jokhang Temple in Lhasa, which is the origin of butter lantern festival in later generations. During the Lantern Festival, there were cultural activities such as "jumping to the gods" at the temple fair. Twenty or thirty actors wore masks and embroidered robes, singing and dancing with instrumental music such as tweeters, suona, cowhide drums and gongs and drums. In the evening, the temple is decorated with lanterns and colorful decorations, and the main street is set up with shelves to display butter sculptures. Butter sculptures are made of ghee and have various bright colors. There are flowers, fruits, birds and animals, horses and cattle, pavilions and pavilions, which are extremely exquisite. Guihua Temple in Diqing, Yunnan, East Chikulinji, etc. They all hang snuff like major temples in Tibetan areas, which are considerable in scale and very lively.
Wash the cow's feet:
Agricultural customs of Naxi and Bulang nationalities. The content and time of the activity are different. Naxi people hold activities twice a year, usually from June 10 to 30 and September 10 to 30. On the day of the festival, we will have a dinner in the village, wash the tired cows, feed 12 wheat cakes and 1 bundles of grass, and hang a bunch of cakes on the horns to show our comfort to the cows. Bulang people mainly wash cattle feet in Shidian, Yunnan Province. On the eve of Dragon Boat Festival, the elders and leaders in the village put red paper wrapped in incense in front of each hall. The next day, they walked in front of each door with a sheep and swept the door with willow branches, wishing the owner peace. The host poured a cold water on the elders and leaders in the village to show that he had washed away the traces of the cow's hoof. At noon, the veteran sheep in the village were slaughtered under the big tree outside the village. Every household sent a bowl of rice, cooked mutton porridge and had a collective dinner to pray for the safety of people and animals in the village.
Mid-Autumn Festival:
Lahu farming festival. The Lahu pronunciation "Baha" means the moon. It is held on the fifteenth day of the eighth lunar month. At first, it offered sacrifices to the moon to celebrate the harvest. Sacrificial ceremonies are held at night when the moon rises. Each family chooses the best melons and fruits as sacrifices, puts them on the table and carries them to the place where the mountain gods are sacrificed to the moon. In the moonlight, men, women and children in the village danced Lusheng dance around the bamboo table to celebrate the festival.
In places that believe in Hinayana Buddhism, the content of worshipping Buddha was added to the moon, and the location was also changed to a village house. The Buddha statue hangs a piece of white cloth with the moon pattern on it, and Buddhist utensils such as altar, incense burner and wax table are placed under the white cloth. Before dark, people brought fresh offerings such as cucumbers, plantains and pineapples to the Buddha, lit incense, candles and paper money, and the Buddha chanted and prayed. After the Buddha went to the village for activities. Old people get together to drink and make tea; Young people gathered in the concert hall to dance lusheng and sing traditional songs. Those who can sing the historical origin of their own nation shall be awarded the title of singer.