Introduction: Red Cliff Fugu
chì bì fù
Fugu title. Su Shi of the Northern Song Dynasty. There are two before and after. Written during the author's two visits to the Red Cliff (Red Nose Rocky) in Huangzhou (present-day Huanggang, Hubei). The former Red Cliff Fugue is more famous. The author's love of mountains and scenery and his open-mindedness are expressed in the monument, but there are also negative thoughts about the futility of life.
Original text
In the fall of the year Rengxu, in the month of July, Su Zi and his guests went on a boat trip under the Red Cliff. The wind was blowing and the waves were not rising. He was so happy to be there that he recited the poem of the bright moon and sang the song of the Fair Lady. The moon rose above the eastern mountains and hovered between the bulls. The white dew was across the river, and the water glowed to the sky. The water was so bright that the sky was covered with light. The first thing I want to do is to get out of the car and get out of the car, and then I'm going to go back to the car.
So the drink is very happy, buckle the gangway and sing. The song said: "Guizhao Ran paddle, hit the sky Ming Ruoxi stream light. Misty Ruoxi I Huai, looking at the beauty Ruoxi heaven side." Guests have a blowjob player, leaning song and the song. His voice was whimpering, like a complaint, like admiration, like a sob, like a complaint, with the aftermath curling up, unceasingly like a wisp. The sound of the voice is like a complaint, like a complaint, like a cry, like a complaint, like a cry, like a cry, like a cry, like a cry, like a cry.
Su Zi countenance, sitting upright, and asked the guest said: "Why is it also?" The guest said: "'moon and stars, magpies fly south', this is not Cao Mengde's poem? Looking west at Xiakou, looking east at Wuchang, the mountains and rivers are so close together that it's pale, isn't this Meng De's poem about being trapped in Zhou Lang? When he broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, and went east with the current, he had a poopdeck of a thousand miles, flags covering the sky, kept his wine at the river, and wrote poems with a long lance, and he was really a great man of the world, but where is he now? What's more, I am with my son fishing and woodcutting on the river islet, with fish and shrimp and friends and elk, driving a flat boat and lifting a bottle to belong to each other. Sending mayflies to heaven and earth, a small drop in the ocean. I am sorry for the short period of my life, and envious of the infinite Yangtze River. I would like to travel with a flying fairy, hold the bright moon and die long. I know that it is not possible to get it suddenly, and I will entrust the last sound to the sad wind."
Su Zi said: "Guests also know the water and the moon? The passing is like this, and never go also; the surplus and void like him, and pawns do not eliminate the long also. The cover will be viewed from its change, then the world had can not be a moment; from its unchanged and viewed, then things and I are endless. And there is nothing to be envied! And between heaven and earth, things have their own masters, if it is not my own, although a millimeter and do not take. But the wind on the river, and the mountains of the moon, the ear for the sound, the eye meets the color, take the forbidden, inexhaustible, is the creator of the endless hide, and I and the son of the **** food."
Guests happy and laugh, wash more drink. The food and nuclear both exhausted, the cup and plate were wiped out. The two of them were in a boat, not knowing the white of the east.
Translation
In the fall of the year of Nianxu, on July 16th, my guest and I swung our boats and cruised under the Red Cliff. The breeze was blowing slowly, and the water was not rippling. I raised my glass and urged my guests to drink with me, recited the poem "Moonrise" and sang the chapter "Myriad". A while later, the moon rose from the eastern mountains, hovering between the Dou and Niushu constellations. A white mist covered the river, and the water was so bright that it was connected to the sky. Letting the water boats float freely, they crossed the endless white river. River in the distant ah, the boat like the air driving the wind, do not know what place will stay; floating, and like out of the world, unattached, into the ascension of the immortal fruit of the gods.
At this time, drinking wine, the heart is very happy, they knocked on the side of the boat and sang a song. Sang: "Gui wood made of rowing ah orchid wood made of oars, beat the clear water waves ah, in the moonlight floating river against the current. My thoughts are far and wide, and I look forward to the beauty in my heart, far away in the sky." There are guests who know how to play the cave xiao, along with the song accompanied by a blowjob, xiao sound whimpering, like a complaint, like nostalgia, like a sob, like a low complaint. After the blowing, the afterglow is long, like a long, thin thread of silk that stretches on and on. This sound can make the abyss of the hidden dragon dance, so that the lonely boat on the widow weeping.
I was a little sad and sat upright, and asked the guest, "Why do you play such a sad sound?" The guest replied, "'The moonlight is bright and the stars are scarce, and a crow flies southward', isn't that Cao Mengde's poem? Looking west is Xiakou, looking east is Wuchang, surrounded by mountains and water, lush and verdant, isn't this the place where Cao Cao was defeated by Zhou Yu? When he took Jingzhou, captured Jiangling, and marched down the river to the east, his ships connected for thousands of miles, his banners covered the sky, he drank wine by the river and recited poetry with his spear in his hand, a great man of the moment. What's more, you and I were fishing for firewood on a small island in the middle of the river, with fish and shrimp as our companions, and elk as our friends; sailing a small boat, lifting cups to persuade each other to drink wine; and sending mayflies to live a short life between heaven and earth, as small as a grain of millet in the sea. Lamenting the shortness of our lives and envying the endlessness of the Yangtze River. I wish to travel with the immortals and live forever with the bright moon. Knowing that this wish cannot be suddenly realized, I have no choice but to put this inexorable mood into a tune and blow it out in the sad autumn wind."
I said to my guest, "Do you also know the truth of that water and the moon? The water goes on flowing away like this, but it does not actually flow away; the moon waxes and wanes, but it never wanes or grows. If we look at it from the aspect of change, then all things in heaven and earth never remain as they are, not even in the twinkling of an eye; and if we look at it from the aspect of unchanging, then neither things nor we ourselves are exhausted, and what are we to envy? Besides, there is a master of all things in heaven and earth, and if it is not my due, I will not take it, though it is a morsel. Only the wind on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains, the ear to hear it, hear is the sound, the eye to see it, see is the color, get it no one prohibited, enjoy it without exhaustion, this is nature's infinite treasure, it is I and you can * * * with the enjoyment of the same."
The guest smiled happily and washed his glass and refilled it. The dishes and fruits had all been eaten, and the cups and plates were cluttered. We all slept on the boat with each other's pillows against each other, not realizing that the white dawn was already showing in the east.
Writing Background
The Red Cliff Fugue was written by Su Shi after his release from the Wutai Poetry Case, when he was relegated to the position of deputy envoy of the Huangzhou Regiment. In July and October of 1082, the author visited the Red Cliff outside Huangzhou twice, and wrote two travelogues, the first of which is known as the Red Cliff Fugue or the former Red Cliff Fugue, and the second as the latter Red Cliff Fugue. Here is a selection of the former. In fact, Su Shi's tour is not the Red Cliff of the Three Kingdoms, where Zhou Yu broke Cao's army, but the Red Cliff northeast of Jiayu, Hubei Province. The author here is just touching the scene, adopting the legend of that time and giving play to the theme, in order to express his inner bitterness after being relegated and a kind of enlightenment on the universe and life.
Appreciation
The first paragraph is about a night trip to the Red Cliff. The author, "swimming with guests in a boat under the Red Cliff", threw himself into the embrace of nature, enjoying the beauty of the breeze, white dew, mountains, running water, moonlight and sky light. When the mood strikes, he recites the first chapter of "Poetry - Moonrise", "The moon is bright, the best people are bureaucratic. The moon is shining brightly, and the best people are in the right place. The moon is likened to a beautiful woman with a delicate body, looking forward to her rising. This is echoed in the poem "Moonrise", "Young, the moon rises above the eastern mountains and wanders between the bullfighters." It also leads to the following song composed by the author, "Looking at the beauty of the sky," which is consistent in emotion and literary style. "Wandering" two words, vividly and graphically depicts the soft moonlight seems to be extremely attached to the traveler and the pulse of love. In the bright moonlight illuminated by the white mist shrouding the river, the sky light, water color is linked together, the so-called "autumn water **** long sky a color" (Wang Bo "Tengwangge Preface"). Swimmers at this time open-minded, comfortable, unrestrained, and therefore "vertical reed of such as, Ling ten thousand hectares of the vastness", riding a flat boat, in the "water waves do not rise" on the vastness of the river, drifting with the waves, as if flying in space on the wind, leisurely and negligently left the The human world, transcendent independence; and like a winged ascension into fairyland. The vastness of the river and free mind, in the author's pen jumped out, canoeing and swimming in the joy, overflowing with words. This is the front of this article describes the "canoeing" to enjoy the scenery of a paragraph, to the scene of lyricism, melting feelings into the scene, the scene is good.
The second paragraph, the writer of the joy of drinking and singing and guests of the sad piper. The author is happy to drink wine, buckle the gangway and sing, to express his thoughts "beauty" but not see the disappointment, disillusioned feelings. The "beauty" mentioned here is actually the embodiment of the author's ideal and all good things. The song says: "Guizhao, orchid oars, striking the sky and tracing the stream of light. I am looking forward to the beauty of the sky." The lyrics of this song are all based on the meaning of "Chu Shu - Shaosiwei": "Looking for a beautiful woman, I am looking for her in the future, and I am singing in the wind", and it materializes the content of the above "reciting poems of the bright moon and singing a fair chapter". Because I want to look at the beauty but can not see, has revealed the disillusionment and sadness, coupled with the guest blowing a cave xiao, according to its song and the xiao's tone of sadness, grudges, "such as grudges such as adoration, such as sobbing such as complaining, the aftermath of the sound curls, unceasingly like a wisp," and even led to the hidden gully of the dragon dance, so that the widow alone in the boat in the sadness of the weeping. A song of cave xiao, poignant, its sad throat low tone touching deep, resulting in sudden changes in the author's feelings, from joy to sadness, the article is also due to the ups and downs, Wen Qi a vibration.
The third paragraph, the guest of honor on the shortness and impermanence of life sigh. This paragraph from the endowment of the natural scenery of the Red Cliffs, and then endowed with the historical monuments of the Red Cliffs. The first is that the first time I was in the country, I was in the middle of the country, and the second time I was in the country, I was in the middle of the country. However, the essay does not state the matter directly, but uses two questions in a row. Firstly, Cao Cao's "Short Songs and Acts" asks, "Is this not the poem of Cao Mengde?" And then, with the mountains and rivers in front of him, he asked, "Is this not Meng De's poem about being trapped by Zhou Lang?" The two questions make the article ripple again. Next, the story of Cao Cao's breaking of Jingzhou and forcing Liu Chong to surrender is recounted. Back then, Cao Cao's army marched down the river from Jiangling, with thousands of ships and flags covering the sky. Cao Cao was so proud and high-minded that he drank wine on the bow of his ship and wrote poems with a long lance! Where is he now? Cao Cao and such heroes, but only for a while, let alone my generation! Therefore, nowadays, we can only sigh at the shortness of our lives, envy the river's unceasing flow, and hope to fellowship with the immortals and be with the bright moon. But that is an unrealistic fantasy, so the sadness and sorrow "to the sound of the wind", through the sound of the piper conveyed. Guest's answer shows a kind of nihilistic thinking and negative outlook on life, which is Su Shi through the mouth of the guests to reveal an aspect of their own thinking.
The fourth paragraph is Su Shi's statement of his own views on the impermanence of life, in order to relieve the other side. Guest had "envied the Yangtze River's infinite", would like to "hold the moon and long end". Su Shi, using the river and the moon as a metaphor, puts forward the realization that "the passing is like the river, but not yet gone; the surplus and deficiency is like the other, and there is nothing that can be eliminated". If we look at things from the perspective of change, the existence of heaven and earth is just a fleeting moment; if we look at things from the perspective of no change, then things and human beings are endless, so why envy the river, the moon and heaven and earth? Naturally, there is no need to "grieve for the short time of my life"! This shows Su Shi's open-minded outlook on the universe and life, he agreed to look at the problem from multiple perspectives rather than absolutizing the problem, therefore, he could maintain his open-mindedness, transcendence, optimism, and adaptive state of mind in adversity, and he could free himself from the disappointment of the impermanence of life and deal with life in a rational manner. Afterwards, the author further explains that everything in heaven and earth has its own owner, and individuals cannot force themselves to do so. So what do we own? The wind on the river has sound, the bright moon in the mountains has color, the river and the mountains are infinite, the wind and the moon exist forever, heaven and earth are selfless, the sound and the color entertains people, and we can wander precisely in the middle of it and enjoy ourselves. This scene is due to Li Bai's "Xiangyang Song": "the wind and the moon do not need a penny to buy, the jade mountain since the fall of the non-people push", and then deepen it.
Paragraph 5, the writer listened to the author's conversation, turned sad to happy, open and drink, "and pillow with the boat, do not know that the east of both white". According to the beginning, the extreme writing of the joy of travel and enjoyment, and to forget about the loss and gain, beyond the realm of the world.
The Qing dynasty ancient writer Fang Bao commented on this article, said: "See no absolute difference, and the realm of remote and unclimbable, good by the body of the free land open, chest without debris, touch the flow, discretion full, do not know the reason why it is and is. Not only can others not imitate it, but even if Zizhan were to do so, he would not be able to be so well-tuned and smooth." (Quoted from the "Commentary on the Classification of Ancient Words and Rhetoric") Su Shi through a variety of artistic techniques to express their own open-mindedness, he only forgets to gain or lose, open-mindedness, in order to write "the realm of remote and unapproachable" Red Cliff Fugue to.
It is characterized by
(1) the combination of parallelism and prose
This article not only retains the traditional fugue of the kind of poetic qualities and rhythms, at the same time, but also draws on the tone of the prose style and techniques, breaking the fugue in the sentence style, the sound of the pair of the law of the bondage, and so on, more prose components, so that the article has both the poetry of the depth of the rhythms, and the prose of the concept of incisive. The prose style of writing makes the whole piece of writing depressed and staccato, such as "ten thousand dendrobium springs" come out. Different from the fugue, it is relatively more free, such as the beginning of the paragraph "in the autumn of renxu, July both hope, suzi and guests canoeing under the red wall", all loose sentences, the difference between the sparse and the neat and tidy. The following until the end of the article, most of the rhyme, but the rhyme faster, and often change the rhyme is a paragraph of the meaning, which makes this article is particularly suitable for reading, and very rich in the beauty of rhyme, reflecting the strengths of the rhyme.
(2) beautiful image, good at taking analogy
such as describing the sound of the piper's voice: "the sound of the whimpering, such as complaints such as moaning, such as sobbing like a complaint, the aftermath of the sound curls up, unending as a wisp. Dance in the gully of the potential mosquitoes, weeping lonely boat of widow women." The six metaphors used in succession render the sadness of the sound of the xiao, the abstract and elusive sound to the reader's visual and auditory senses, written in a concrete and palpable way, the effect is excellent.
〖Two: After Red Cliff Fu〗
Originally
It was the hope of October, when I was walking from Xue Tang, and would return to Lingao. The two guests from the yellow mud of the ban. The frost and dew had fallen, and the leaves of the wood were all off, and the silhouette of the man was on the ground, and he looked up and saw the bright moon, and he was happy to see it, and he sang and answered. Has and sighed and said: "There are guests without wine, wine without food, the moon is white and the wind is clear, such a good night why!" The guest said: "Today, at dusk, lifting the net to get fish, huge mouth, fine scales, like the perch of the Songjiang River. Guan get wine?" He returned to his wife. The woman said, "I have a bucket of wine, hidden for a long time, to wait for the son of the occasional need." So he took the wine and the fish, and swam under the Red Cliff again. The river has a sound, the bank is broken a thousand feet; the mountain is high, the moon is small, the water falls out of the stone. Had the geometry of the sun and moon, and the river and mountains can not be recognized. I was taking clothes and up, tracking the wind and rock, Phi Meng velvet, crouching tigers and leopards, climbing the gnarled dragon, climbing the dangerous nest of the migratory birds, down Feng Yi's palace. The two guests could not follow. Ran long whistling, grass and trees vibrate, the mountains and valleys should be heard, the wind and water surging. I also quietly and sad, solemn and fear, Rinhu its can not stay also. Instead, I boarded the boat, put it in the middle of the stream, listen to its stop and rest. The night was about to be half over, and I looked around in silence. There was a lonely crane coming east across the river. The first time I saw it, it was a very good one, and I think it was a very good one.
In a few moments, I also went to sleep. I dreamed of a Taoist priest, feathered limp, over the Lingao under, greeted me and said: "Red Cliff play?" I asked him his name, but he did not answer. "Whoo-hoo! I know! I know it. In the past night, the fly and I passed the person, is not the son also evil?" Taoist priest Gu laughs, I also shocked awake. I opened my account and looked at it, but I could not see it.
Translation
On the fifteenth day of the tenth month of that year, I set out from Xuedang, ready to return to Lingao Pavilion. Two guests followed me, and together they walked through Huangni Ban. By this time the frost and dew had fallen, and all the leaves had fallen off the trees. Our silhouettes were reflected on the ground, and we looked up to see the bright moon hanging high in the sky. We looked around and were very happy; so we chanted poems as we walked, and rewarded each other.
After a while, I said with a sigh, "There are guests but no wine, and there is wine but no food. The moon is bright, the wind is blowing, how are we going to spend such a beautiful night?" One of the guests said, "This evening, I cast a net and caught fish with a big mouth and fine scales, shaped like the perch of the Wusong River. But where to get the wine?" I went home to consult with my wife, who said, "I have a bucket of wine, preserved for a long time, in order to meet your sudden need."
With that, we carried the wine and the fish, and again visited the lower part of the Red Cliff. The flowing waters of the Yangtze sounded, and the steep banks of the river towered high and straight; the mountains were high, the moon appeared small, the water level was lowered, and the reefs were exposed. How many days have passed since my last visit, and I no longer recognize the river and mountains that I saw on my last visit? I then lifted up the lapels of my coat and went ashore, stepping on the treacherous rocks and plucking away the straggling weeds; squatting on the strange rocks in the shape of tigers and leopards, and pulling on the branches of the gnarled dragons from time to time, and climbing up the cliffs where raptors made their nests, and looking down at the deep palace of Feng Yi, the goddess of the water. Neither of the two guests could follow me to this extreme height. I cut the ground with a long whistle, the grass and trees were shaken, the mountains ****ed with me, the deep valleys resounded with echoes, the gales bracketed and the waves surged. I also do not feel sadness and sorrow, feel fear, think this place makes people afraid, not to stay long. I returned to the boat, rowed it to the center of the river, and let it drift where it would.
It was almost midnight, and when I looked around, I felt very cold and lonely. There is a crane, across the river from the east, wings like the size of a wheel, the tail of the black feathers as a black dress, the body of the white feathers as a white shirt, it screech long voice called, rubbing our boat to the west.
Appreciation
The Post-Red Cliff Fugue is the sequel to the Former Red Cliff Fugue, and can also be said to be a sister. The former Fu is mainly to talk about the mystical reasoning, after the Fu is to narrate the scenery is mainly; before the Fu describes the early fall on the river night scene, after the Fu is mainly written on the river bank activities, the time is also moved to the Meng winter; two articles are "Fu" this style of writing travel prose, as the same Red Cliff scenery, the realm is not the same, but also have a poetic and pictorial meaning. The former fugue is "the breeze, the water waves do not rise", "white dew across the river, the water light catching the sky", after the fugue is "the sound of the river, the broken bank of a thousand feet, the mountain is high, the moon is small, the water falls out of the stone". Different seasons of the landscape features, in Su Shi's pen are vivid, realistic reflection, all give people the magnificent and natural beauty. The whole text is divided into two levels, the first level is written before the activities of the panhandle, including the panhandle time, itinerary, fellow travelers, and the preparation for the panhandle. The first level is about the activities before the trip, including the time of the trip, the itinerary, the companions, and the preparations for the trip. The first level is about the scene of the moonlight night in early winter and the joy of treading on the moonlight, which not only conceal the pleasure of the trip, but also naturally lead to the dialog between the host and the guest. In the face of the "moon from the wind" of "such a good night", and good friends, good food and wine, and then visit the Red Cliff has been inevitable, not many lines of text, and wrote the scene, but also recounted the events, but also expressed the feelings of the three into one, and this has been able to turn into the main body, can be Dong Po, however, "an additional complication". "Extraordinary branch" and inserted into the "return to seek the women" a few sentences, not only to add life to the article, but also to make the whole paragraph "padding" text is more colorful. The second level is the center of gravity of the whole text, purely landscape text only "river sound" four sentences, but wrote the cliffs and mountains of the Red Cliffs high and empty clear moon small, water splash flow slow and stone out of the sound of the unique night scene in early winter, thus inducing the master and guest abandon the boat to climb the cliffs and mountains of the elegant pleasure, here, the author does not spare ink to write out the Red Cliffs night tour of the mood, quiet and quiet, the mountains and rivers cold and quiet, "the" Red Cliffs night tour of the mood, "the" Red Cliffs night tour, "the" Red Cliffs night tour of the "the" Red Cliffs night tour of the "the The mountains and rivers, cold and silent, "track the northwest rock, Phi Meng velvet, crouching tigers and leopards, climbed the gnarled dragon; climbing the nest of the Western magpie, overlooking the palace of Feng Yi," the strange and thrilling scenery is more open-minded, the realm of the lofty. However, when Su Shi alone at the top, that "rowing long whistle, the grass and trees vibrate, the mountains should be heard, the wind and water" scene can not help but make him produce a bleak feelings, fear, had to return to the boat. The article is written here, and suddenly up the pen of God, wrote a lonely crane across the river to the east "\", "screeching" after rubbing the boat to the west, so the author has been lonely more compassionate, the article and then the ups and downs of the ripples, but also for the following write the dream of the ambush. Finally, in the end of the third layer of the whole text, written after the tour to sleep Su Zi in his dreamland to see the Taoist priest once turned into a lonely crane, in the "揖予", "不答", "顾笑", a mysterious In the mysterious hallucination, the author reveals his inner anguish brought about by the contradiction of his thoughts on leaving the world and entering the world. Politics repeatedly disappointed Su Shi very much want to seek transcendence from the pleasure of the landscape, the results are not helpful, but to his deepest wounds and add new grief. After a dream of Nanke back to the depressing reality. The end of the eight words, "open an account and see, do not see its place" is quite confused, but there is also a double meaning, on the surface like the dream of the Taoist monk suddenly disappeared, the deeper connotation is Suzi's future, ideals, pursuits, ambitions and where it is? In the text, Su Zi wrote the scene of climbing alone, really "sentence like a picture, words like poetry", through the exaggeration and rendering, so that people have a sense of being in the realm. The description of the river and mountain scenery in the text is bright and colorful, with the author's personal and sincere feelings. The clever use of prose and contrast adds to the musicality of the text. Read it to add a point of interest. But on the whole, the latter fugue is not as good as the former fugue in both thought and art. Mysterious color, depressed mood and "fugue" flavor is lighter, "Wen" gas is slightly thicker than the main reason for the inferiority of the former, I am afraid.
"After the Red Cliff Fugu" in Su Zi and "guest" tour of the Red Cliff, "suitable for a lone crane, across the river to the east. Wings such as wheels, onyx dress, screeching, sweeping the boat to the west." After Su Zi went to bed, he "dreamed of a Taoist priest with feathered feet," and thought that the Taoist priest was the crane he had seen earlier. This is the first time I have ever seen a crane in my life, and I have never seen one before.
Su Shi's poems, many places have written about cranes, such as the "Crane Pavilion", "Crane Sighs" and so on, there are vivid descriptions of cranes and praise. We know that the crane in ancient times is a symbol of release and seclusion, a symbol of transcendence, a symbol of transcendence of the world. Therefore, Su Zi, who went to sleep after visiting the Red Cliff, saw the Taoist priest who had been transformed into a lonely crane in his dreamland, and in the mysterious hallucination of "Greeting", "Not answering" and "Smiling", he expressed the author's own contradictory thoughts about the world. In the mysterious illusion of "greeting me", "not answering" and "smiling", the author reveals his own inner anguish brought about by the contradiction of his thoughts on leaving the world and entering it. Politically disappointed Su Shi is very much from the music of the landscape to seek transcendence, the results are not helpful, but to the depths of his heart trauma and add new grief. After a dream of Nanke back to the depressing reality. The end of the eight words, "open an account and see, do not see its place" is quite confused, but there is also a double meaning, on the surface like the dream of the Taoist priest suddenly disappeared, the deeper connotation is "Suzi's future, ideals, pursuits, ambitions and where it is?
Author:
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037~1101), the word Zizhan, the name Dongpo Jushi, the Northern Song Dynasty Meishan people. He was a famous literary scholar and one of the eight great masters of Tang and Song prose. He was very learned and versatile, with high attainments in calligraphy, painting, poetry and prose. His calligraphy, together with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fu, is known as the "Four Families of the Song Dynasty"; he was good at painting bamboo, trees and rocks, and his painting and calligraphy theories were also insightful. Is the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu, the leader of the literary world, prose and Ouyang Xiu, the same name; Poetry and Huang Tingjian, the same name; his words are majestic, bold style, a change in the word of the euphony, and the Southern Song Dynasty, Xin Qiji and known as "Su Xin," *** for the bold school of lyricists.