1. The sender needs to deliver information to the receiver, or the receiver needs to provide information. The information mentioned here is a broad concept, including opinions, ideas, data and so on.
2. The sender translates the information to be sent into a series of symbols that the receiver can understand. In order to communicate effectively, these symbols must meet the needs of the media. For example, if the media reports in writing, the form of symbols should be words, charts or photos; If the media is lectures, you should choose words, projection films and blackboard books.
3. The transmitted symbol is passed to the receiver. Because the selected symbol types are different, the transmission modes are also different. The mode of delivery can be written, such as letters and memos. It can also be oral, such as conversation, speech, telephone call, etc. It can even be expressed by body movements, such as gestures, facial expressions, gestures and so on.
4. The receiver accepts the symbol. The receiver selects the corresponding receiving mode according to the transmission mode of the transmitted symbol. For example, if the symbol sent is passed orally, the receiver must listen carefully, otherwise, the symbol will be lost.
5. The receiver translates the received symbols into information with specific meanings. The content and meaning of information are often misinterpreted because of the differences in the sender's translation and transmission ability and the receiver's acceptance and translation level.
6. The receiver understands the translated information.
7. The sender knows whether the information he wants to convey is accurately accepted by the other party through feedback.
Structure and classification
1. Communications are classified by structure.
The basic structure of communication includes three aspects: information, feedback and channels. Without either party, communication cannot be completed. According to the specific structure, communication can be divided into informal communication network and formal communication network. Through the study of "gossip", it is found that informal communication networks mainly have typical forms such as cluster, gossip and chance; Regular communication networks have many forms, such as chain, wheel, omni-channel, Y-type and so on.
2. Classify the communication according to the information flow direction.
According to the direction of information flow, communication can be divided into upward communication, parallel communication and downward communication.
According to communication methods, communication can be divided into verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Verbal communication includes oral communication and written communication, while non-verbal communication includes pronunciation and intonation (such as music) and body movements (such as gestures, dance, martial arts and sports). The most effective communication is the combination of verbal communication and nonverbal communication.