It's a bit ordinary-looking, with a long neck and two strings; its face made of snakeskin and its bow that never leaves its body seem to tell people that it's not that good to play. It can be the most noisy, can play the sound of ten thousand horses galloping; can also be the most mournful, can reproduce the scene of the woman crying to the river. It is the erhu, a stringed instrument from ancient times.
Possibly because of frequent erhu competitions, neighborhood squares, people have an inexplicable love for the erhu. When you see people playing with an erhu, they can't help but flirt with the idea that an erhu will break their backs. Why do you say a erhu pull broken waist? It's really because the erhu is not a good instrument to play.
Yanshan Temple in the pagoda, people found a huqin of the Yuan Dynasty, it looks and now the erhu look similar. This discovery coincides with the description of the huqin in the Yuan History. In the eyes of the writers of the History of Yuan, the huqin has a dragon-like head, two strings, and a bow made of horse's tail. At the Autumn Feast in Lintang, You Ziqiu, a painter of the Ming Dynasty, painted the huqin player he saw, and on top of the picture, the huqin player was playing the huqin precisely by pulling the strings. So is it possible that the ancestors of the erhu must have come from the Yuan and Ming dynasties?
In fact, the erhu's origins in China may be much earlier. "Huqin, Pipa and Qiang flute", Cen Shen's poem tells us that since the Tang Dynasty, people have called the stringed and plucked instruments from the Western regions huqin. Whether it was the Tang people or the Song people, they called the huqin with two strings the jiqin. Meng Haoran once recounted his experience of seeing a jiqin player in a poem, and Shen Kuo once told a story about the jiqin in Mengxi Bianchuan. Xining years, the official in the palace feast group ministers, the workshop of the musician Xu Yan had faced the official to play jiqin. After breaking a string, Xu Yan continued to play the whole piece with the remaining string without changing his face.
But despite the history of the two-stringed instrument and the huqin, the question of when the erhu actually came to China remains a matter of debate. One thing that is not up for debate, however, is that it took a lot of effort to make the erhu a perfect instrument.
How to hold the instrument, how to grip the handle, how to slide the strings, how to pick the strings, to achieve the requirements of the introduction, it is necessary to go through countless contacts. I felt that I was already able to play different scales skillfully with the bow, only to realize that the erhu is to change the handle. When the handle is changed, the key is changed, and the sound from different scales becomes different again.
Don't get too excited when you can play a simple tune; you've only reached the third level. If you want to mimic the sounds of various animals with your erhu, play a tune as if it were a song, and make yourself as good as the masters, the challenge for young erhu players is only greater, and you can't stop until your back is broken. It is precisely because the erhu seems simple, but from the beginning has been very difficult, so there is a "one erhu pull broken waist" said.
Millennium Pipa Ten Thousand Years of Zeng
Xunyang River, the maple leaves fall, the former make-up jealous of Qiu Niang's music girl, full of sadness playing the pipa. The big strings are noisy, the small strings are cutting, on the big boat, the music girl and the Jiangzhou Sima who is enjoying him playing the pipa, both shed tears of sorrow. Thousands of generations later, both the woman of music and the Jiangzhou Secretary named Bai Le Tian have been reduced to rotten bones. The Tang pipa, however, has once again stretched out its delicate neck from the yellow sand of Xinjiang due to the research of archaeologists. Apart from looking a bit tattered, it remains unchanged.
Pipa, originally for the hu people riding on a horse to play the instrument, push the hand for the pipa, lead hand for the pazhou, so the name pipa. Ancient pipa is generally five feet and three inches long, symbolizing heaven and earth and people and the five elements. Its four strings are also instructive, representing the four seasons of spring, summer, fall and winter. During the Wei, Jin, and North-South Dynasties, the pipa was no longer used as a special instrument for the Hu people, and began to enter the lives of the luxurious Han people. The tycoon Shi Chong, the official minister Yu Zhongwen, the historian Fan Ye, and the extra horse harnessed by the side of a team Chu Yuan, all took the pipa as their hobby.
The phrase "a thousand years of pipa, ten thousand years of zheng" is actually a personification of the phrase "a thousand days of pipa, a hundred days of zheng". In ancient times, some pipa players, zheng players, to learn the pipa, zheng, than to learn the erhu is much easier. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, a Hu musician from the West came to our country to offer music, holding a pipa, and he played a very beautiful tune. In order to surpass the western musician, Emperor Taizong asked Luo Heihei, a pipa player, to listen to the western musician through the curtain. After just one listen, Luo Heihei stripped the Western musician of his score.
In the curtain, Luo Heihei took the big lute and confidently played the tune, and the western musician saw that his tune had been completely imitated by the Great Tang musician, revealing a deep look of amazement. As long as one mastered another person's score, the musician could use the lute to play that person's tune again, seeing as how it wasn't too difficult for more skilled musicians to play lute tunes. You can learn it after practicing for three or four years, which is why there is the saying of a thousand days on the pipa.
Similar to the pipa, the ancients believed that it was relatively easy to play the zheng. The zheng, a musical instrument, always **** had five strings when it was first born. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, its shape already looked similar to that of a musical instrument like the Thur. With further remodeling, many strings were added to the zheng little by little. While the zheng strings of yagaku are twelve, in other types of music, the zheng usually has thirteen strings. Despite the extraordinary number of strings, and the many variations in tones and scales involved, ancient people who hadn't taken many zheng music courses could still play the zheng exceptionally well.
During the Wei, Jin, and North-South Dynasties, Xie Renzu could play the zheng and sing in front of Huan Wen without using a score; Huan Yi, in the Jin Dynasty, could use the zheng and Shang Le Nu's flute music. Neither of these two was a musician, just a court official, without professional musical training, but both were able to play at a relatively high level. Even if there were a dozen strings and practiced for a hundred days, they could play the zheng very beautifully, and this was the origin of the ten thousand day zheng.
After the change of time, the thousand-day pipa and ten-thousand-day zheng were gradually changed into the thousand-year pipa and ten-thousand-year zheng. However, there is nothing wrong with the sentence itself, because the pipa and the zheng do have a thousand years of seniority in our country. After the Eastern Han Dynasty, people already started to record the origin of the pipa in books. As early as during the Wei, Jin, and North-South Dynasties, people had once found a pipa in the grave of the famous scholar Ruan Xian. Until today, we can still find lutes unearthed in the tombs of people in the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties period. Recorded since the Eastern Han Dynasty, the pipa is indeed worthy of the name of millennium pipa.
As for the zheng, its credentials are even older. During the Spring and Autumn Period, an ancient nobleman placed his zither in his tomb as a burial object. After thousands of years, this zither reappeared on earth under the excavation of archaeological researchers. The words of Cao Zijian are not false. Li Si, a minister of the Qin Dynasty, once proved that the zither was indeed quite popular during the Qin Dynasty, and the generous sound of the zither and the fast ear of the Qin song were really the sound of the Great Qin. Since the Spring and Autumn Period to the Qin Dynasty has been popular in the country, to give the zheng a "ten thousand years of zheng" title, does not seem to be too much.
However, in addition to describing the history of the pipa and the zheng, the phrase also appreciates the beauty of the two instruments, which can be continued and passed on for millions of years.
One Suona for a Lifetime
In front of the stage, the players were playing the ensemble song "Jiuzhou Together"; inside the sorghum field, Jiu'er collapsed in the midst of the fire, and people heard the song "Carrying the Dragon King" again; recalling the figure of Master Jiao San, Tian Ming once again blew the song "Hundred Birds Toward the Phoenix". In addition to all being classics, these three tunes have one more **** in common, that is, none of them have left the suona.
The phrase "trumpet suona," which is often heard in the mouths of our fathers and mothers, was born at the time of the suona's birth. As a matter of fact, this sentence was born in a very long period of time, as early as the Ming Dynasty, and it is a short sentence recorded by Wang Pan, a literati of the Ming Dynasty, in "Winging the Horn".
There are conflicting views on exactly when the suona appeared in China. Based on the contents of the Han painted stone statues at the Wu's ancestral temple, some believe that the suona should have appeared during the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, some other researchers have denied this, and based on the murals unearthed in the Tang and Song dynasties, they suggest that the suona was born in the Tang and Song dynasties.
Because of the lack of textual evidence, neither of these two claims is recognized by most people, and many still believe that the suona did not become popular until around the Ming Dynasty. According to General Qi Jiguang's Practicing the Soldier's Records, the suona was originally a military instrument in the Ming Dynasty, and generals greeted their soldiers by packing up quickly and gathering for dinner, mostly by blowing horns.
The "Police and Emperor跸图"(出警入跸图), in which the guards of the Ming emperor were playing music for the emperor's traveling ceremony, used suona as one of the musical instruments. During the Qing Dynasty, the suona was sometimes called the sulna, although it was still used in the military. According to the Qing Dynasty's Military Arms Regulations, the army was also equipped with suona's and suona players were only allowed to replace their worn out suona's every ten years. The military phenomenon of the suona in the Qing Dynasty was also documented in the Ruminations of the Practicing Yong (练勇刍言), which states that some of the Yongs in the Qing Dynasty barracks were also asked to carry a suona with them.
A suona can be used to play all the flavors of life, sweet and sour, bitter and spicy.
People need suona when matchmaking, and according to "Qunyin Class Selection", in order to make the atmosphere more festive, a family invited suona players when matchmaking for their daughters. In the illustration of the Ming book "Blue Bridge Jade Mortar and Pestle Records", a six-member band is playing music for the newlyweds in the village, and among the six people, the suona player is playing the most vigorously. Funerals also need suona, the people of Dangshan, as long as the funeral, will inevitably let the suona band door to blow a paragraph, to express the heart of the deceased relatives of the thoughts.
A suona can be found in many occasions, rich and powerful, ordinary can also listen to.
During the Ming Dynasty, the Emperor, in order to emphasize the seriousness of diplomatic activities, specially equipped Zheng He with suona players as servants. During the Qing Dynasty, the suona was used in the emperor's enthronement ceremony, the welcome ceremony, and the dowager's birthday banquet. When it comes to the folk, suona is one of the most familiar musical instruments to the common people. When the firecrackers are lit, the sound is loud and clear, and the suona is blown, it is a new year. Sometimes, the village will invite a team of theater troupe, the team has a suona player, so it is very lively.
Can be used in a variety of occasions, can be blown up different emotions, a person from the joy of birth to marriage, and then passed away, may be accompanied by suona, suona although small, but can sing all the sadness and happiness, which may be a suona blowing a lifetime, "the cause of the proverbial.
Picture / from the network, erosion deleted.