Culture is the soul of the city.
Celebrities are the city's calling cards.
In the golden fall of 2001, I went to nine countries in Western Europe for a longing for the wind, and wherever I went, this has a very strong feeling.
Shenyang North Railway Station Square
The first stop on the visit to Europe is the blooming flowers of Italy. From Milan to Rome, from Florence to the water city of Venice, all the way to see a lot of already familiar with the famous paintings and carvings: Michelangelo's statue of Moses in the Church of Rome, Raphael's studio of Jesus and the Virgin Mary; Michelangelo Square in Florence on the statue of David and the museum of Leonardo da Vinci's masterpiece of the Annunciation ...... European The Three Masters of the Renaissance and their masterpieces are well known to Italians, and we were introduced to them with heartfelt pride on our faces.
In Paris, France, the literary flavor seems a little stronger. Come to Notre Dame, will think of Victor Hugo and his pen bell ringer Quasimodo and the gypsy girl Esmeralda; sitting in a cafe to taste a cup of strong coffee in France, will naturally think of coffee Balzac and his world-famous "The Human Comedy" ......
In the full of idyllic flavor of the Austria, with admiration, people who have visited the Golden Hall in Vienna, where the New Year's concert is held every year, always go to the city park to see the bronze statue of the composer Johann Strauss, whose waltzes have become Vienna's special calling card; Salzburg, a small city in the west of Austria, is famous for the musician Mozart, and every year a number of various types of music festivals are held here, and this holy city of classical music attracts millions of people from all over the world, and it is also a city of music. Salzburg, a small city of a few hundred thousand people, attracts millions of music lovers from all over the world. A small city with a population of only a few hundred thousand people can attract twenty-two million tourists each year, can not help but say that with the help of Mozart's fame ......
Qufu Confucian Temple Dacheng Hall
Returning from Europe, some newspapers and magazines asked me to write some travelogues, the time of writing, I can not help but gaze at the eyebrow pondering this interesting relationship between celebrities and the city of The relationship between the city and the celebrities is very interesting. It should be said that the city of rich cultural deposits stored in the city of cultural celebrities, and celebrities once produced, in turn, will inevitably enhance the cultural taste and popularity of a city.
Of course, this is not my discovery. The scientific view of history has always been that each region in its specific natural conditions, in the process of economic and historical development, human beings have created a material life and spiritual life rich in regional characteristics. While creating economic and cultural wonders, some outstanding people who have had a profound impact on history, often called "celebrities", are bound to emerge. They have driven the wheels of history and will certainly give new impetus to the development of the region and the world.
This is as true in Europe as it is in China. It's just that people are so used to it that they often turn a blind eye to it.
Qufu, Shandong, is not a metropolis, but because of the emergence of a saintly teacher, the founder of Confucianism, Confucius, and in the hearts of Chinese people all over the world occupies a high position, and now there are Confucius Institutes all over the world, which is a clear indication of the influence of the broader.
The Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, between the Wushu Gorge and Xiling Gorge, there is a small city called Zigui, the transportation is not convenient, but my first visit to Zigui twenty years ago, from the Xiangxi River through the Seven Mile Gorge to Le Pingli, I still see a lot of people from all over the country to do the same thing. Le Ping Li is a world cultural celebrity, China's great poet Qu Yuan's hometown, with the "Li Sao", "Heavenly Question" artistic charm, so that admirers come to worship and search for the saint, since it makes sense.
Confucius
To the Sui and Tang dynasties, the city, the land, the mountains, the water to the people and the name of the people are more than a few, widely known. Located at the confluence of the Yangtze River and the Han River, Wuchang Snake Mountain, because of the Tang Cui Hao a "Yellow Crane Tower" and the world; the ancient city of Nanchang, the Yellow Crane Tower, the Tang Emperor Shangyuan years of restoration, the young and talented Wang Bo breath into the Tengwang Pavilion Preface, during which "the sunset sunset and the鹜 fly together, the autumn water **** long days of a single color" of the famous lines shocked the four, Tengwang Pavilion also with the This preface and famous; Dongting Lake Yueyang Tower, originally for the Three Kingdoms of the Eastern Wu general Lu Su for the exercise of the water army and built, although the two Jin and North and South Dynasties many times to build, but the reputation of the flat until the Northern Song Dynasty during the Qingli years, the resistance to the Western Xia has been a success of the "small Fan Laozi" Fan Zhongyan wrote a thousand years of the famous piece of writing "Yueyang Tower," after the party's reputation. Cultural celebrities to a place, a city, the dissemination of the role of the publicity also by these examples in the glimpse of the spot.
Jin Yufei edited the Liaohai Series
With such a basic knowledge, I turned my attention to our survival and growth of this fertile land - Shenyang. Shenyang is located in the northeast of the motherland, due to the Great Wall in the world's first pass east of Shanhaiguan, "this lump" is also known as "Guandong". Back then, this place was sparsely populated and inhabited by many ethnic groups. In years of famine and disaster, this is often "break into the East" of Shandong, Hebei people's destination. But I do not know when, people have a prejudice, that is, the Northeast people "long in the bow and horse", and "poor in the literature". To date, there are still people who say that here "cultural deposits are not thick" "cultural soil layer barren", clouds.
Is this true? As early as the 1930s and 1940s, the famous historian, cultural scholars, Mr. Jin Yufei that this statement is incorrect, is "thick false me first Zheng also". He put forward, I first Zheng's posthumous collection of "brilliant, only out of the crown", "I first Zheng has a bright and clear words, but do not know to save it, is also the shame of the future generation." In order to prove his point, Mr. Jin blood, to spend his life engaged in northeastern history, cultural research, edited by the "General History of the Northeast," "Bohai State Zhi long" "Fengtian Tongzhi" "Song, Liao and Jin History" "Liao Hai series of books" and other books to the world to unfold a scroll of northeastern history and culture, and eloquently demonstrated that the northeast region has had a brilliant history and culture.
Mr. Jin Yufei in the "Liao Hai series of books printed" said: Northeast "three thousand years, the middle of the great Confucian masters after the first generation", their writings, "since the words of the family, the outstanding moment". After the establishment of new China's cultural relics, archaeology, literature and history research results, further confirming Mr. Jin seventy years ago, a series of judgments.
In ancient times, mankind had a totem worship, China claimed to be the home of the dragon. But the real China's first dragon and China's first village is not found in the Central Plains, the major archaeological excavations of the Hongshan culture confirmed that the first Chinese dragon in the Liaohe River Basin. Liaohe culture and its research to the history of Chinese civilization a thousand years ahead.
Speaking of Shenyang, found in 1973 in the construction of the Xinle site, unearthed a large number of stone tools, pottery, jade, beautifully carved coal decorations and charcoal wood carvings, etc., indicating that the Xinle culture has reached the Neolithic era of primitive culture of the higher level, the history of Shenyang forward by more than 2,000 years, that is, 7,000 years ago, here will be a ray of light of the Oriental civilization rose.
And as early as 1965 in the southwest edge of Shenyang Zhengjiawazi found equivalent to the Spring and Autumn and Warring States period of the bronze short sword tomb, corroborated here is the Liaohe River Basin multi-ethnicity for many generations and the creation of the bronze culture of one of the areas.
Shenyang Xinle Ruins
Shenyang is also an important place in China's written history. The great historian of the Han Dynasty, the "Grand Historian" Sima Qian, in the famous "Records of the Grand Historian", recorded that Shenyang began to build the history of the city as early as 2,300 years ago, and wrote a page of this splendid history of the Warring States period of celebrity, the famous general of the Yan State Qin Kai.
Built the Great Wall, since the generation and under the Yinshan Mountain, to the high Que for the plug. And set Yunzhong, Yanmen, Dai County. Subsequently, Yan has a wise general Qin Kai, for the hostage in Hu, Hu is very trustworthy. He returned and attacked and broke away the East Hu, but the East Hu was more than a thousand miles away. With Jing Ke assassinate Qin Wang Qin Maoyang, open grandson also. Yan also built the Great Wall, from Zuoyang to Xiangping. The Yan also built the Great Wall from Zuoyang to Xiangping, and set up Shanggu, Yuyang, right Beiping, Liaoxi and Liaodong counties to reject Hu.
Qin Kai was a wise general of Yan, who had been a hostage of the Eastern Hu, and was y trusted by the Hu. When he returned to Yan, the king of Yan ordered him to lead an army to conquer Hu, and he won a great victory, making the East Hu thousands of miles away. Yan built the Great Wall from Zuoyang (present-day Hebei Province) to Xiangping (present-day Liaoning Province) and set up five counties, including Liaoxi and Liaodong, to prevent further invasions by the East Hu. The two counties of Liaoxi and Liaodong are now Liaoning. After Emperor Qin Shi Huang destroyed Yan and unified China, the Liaodong County was retained. The Western Han Dynasty followed the Qin system and set up Liaodong County with eighteen counties under it, one of which was Waiting City located in present-day Shenyang. Waiting for the city of waiting, according to the "interpretation of the name", is the meaning of protection, protection, guarding meaning. In the ancient name of Shenshui Hun River on the north bank of the high ground to build a thick walled fortress of the ancient city, to wait for the city name, more prominent in its military defense features.
In history, Qin Kai's grandson, Qin Maoyang, was more famous than his grandfather. In 228 B.C., after the strong Qin army destroyed the state of Zhao, it swung to Yan. In order to resist the Qin soldiers, Prince Dan of Yan invited Jing Ke, a ranger, to assassinate the King of Qin. Jing Ke, who was highly skilled in martial arts and had outstanding courage, was determined to risk his life for this mission. When he arrived at Xianyang, Qin with his warrior Qin Maoyang and a dagger coated with poison, he came to Qin under the name of presenting a map of Yan. At that time, the king of Qin was eager to attack Yan, and when he heard about the offering of the map, he quickly arranged for Jing Ke to be summoned. When Jing Ke held the map in his hand and instructed the king to look at it, he suddenly drew out his dagger from the map and stabbed the king in the heart. The king was scared out of his wits, but he dodged the dagger alertly. After a struggle, Jing Ke died on the spot. The story of Jing Ke's dagger is now known as "The Dagger's Head".
Qing Kai is not as famous as his grandson Qin Maoyang, but is the first in the history of Shenyang city. To the 21st century Shenyang to commemorate the founding of the city of two thousand three hundred activities, the Shenyang municipal government decided to stand up in the north bank of the Hun River, a bronze statue of Qin Kai's military uniforms and horses, statue unveiled on the day of the marble pedestal next to the green pavement, thick shade around the magnificent scenery along the Hun River to the statue of the Qin Kai lined up with a magnificent extraordinary. Now, the statue of General Qin Kai has become a new era of Shenyang, a scenic spot.
General Qin Kai statue
Shenyang was built after the city, is located in the center of the Liaohe river basin geographic location, so that it is in China's complex historical environment shows a very characteristic historical picture, the Han and Xianbei, Khitan, female genitalia, Mongolia and many other ethnic minorities have been active on this stage, performed a thrilling, unpredictable historical drama, there are a variety of notable characters. They not only for the development of the city of Shenyang and history and culture of the immortal chapter, but also in the history of the Chinese nation has had a far-reaching impact. Among them, such as the rise of Hetu Ala built its capital in Shenyang, the Qing dynasty founder monarchs Nurhachu, Huang taiji are a generation of famous; after the Qin Kai, successively ruled and held the army in Shenyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty Liaodong governor Geng Kui, the Eastern Han Emperor An Di when guarding the Waiting City barricade "barricade Lieutenant" General Chen Zen, Three Kingdoms successively served as the governor of Liaodong Gongsundu, Gongsun Kang father and son, the two Jin Dynasty and Gaojin era, the two Jin Dynasty, the two Jin Dynasty and the two Jin Dynasty, the two Jin Dynasty and the three Jin dynasty. and Gongsun Kang, who were the governor of Liaodong in the Three Kingdoms, Murong Wu and his son, Murong Wu and his son, Murong Wu, who were the leaders of Xianbei, the "Lord of Liaodong", who competed with Goguryeo in the Two Jin Dynasty, and Fan Wencheng, the founding father of the Qing Dynasty, and Wen Xiang, the military minister who first put forward the national policy of "opening up" and who had been living in Shengjing for a long time, were all famous generals and ministers whose achievements have been recorded in the history of the world. Famous ministers; in the emergence of these militarists, politicians at the same time, this place has also been active in the end of the Han Dynasty Liaodong three masters: Guan Ning, BING Yuan, Wang Lie, the Qing Dynasty, "overthrowing the three rivers" of the Hanlin scholar Wang Erlie, "Liaodong three talented people" Liu Chunlong, Rong Wenda, Fang Yuchen, "Shenyang three talented people", and the "three talented people in Shenyang". "Shenyang three geniuses" Han Xiaowen, Miao Runshi, Xi Xiaofeng and other literary scholars who have made a name for themselves.
The Cuisheng College in the Qing Dynasty, was known as the highest school in Shenyang, but also a collection of literati. The site is located in Tianyoumen (small South Gate) in the Office of the Prime Minister of the East. I have been here specifically to find the old school, but unfortunately, the vicissitudes of change, here in the early 1900s due to the invasion of the Imperial Russian invaders and destroyed, the former Sheng has long since disappeared. But I know, here in charge of the school not only to the Da Lisi Secretary of the talented Wang Erlie, and the Daoguang years of bachelor's degree, the famous poet Liu Wenlin, Tongzhi years of bachelor's degree, the Imperial Historian Zeng Peiqi, as well as Yin Guo, Li Weishi, Shangxian and other scholars of the time of the fame.
Talking about the famous poet Liu Wenlin in late Qing Dynasty, I suddenly remembered an injustice. Daoguang nineteen years (1839), Lin Zexu as Minister of Qin, Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, to Guangzhou to thunderous anti-smoking. Liu Wenlin to the new bachelor's degree to go to Guangzhou, by Lin Zexu, first Pingyuan, Guangdong and Fujian Changle County Governor, and then transferred to Hainan Wenchang County Governor. He experienced the whole process of the Opium War, and with his personal participation in the course, he reflected this historical event in the earliest poetry in the history of literature. Before the war, in the year of Gengzi, he poured out his worries in the fifteen stanzas of "Miscellaneous Songs of Guangzhou": "Chongcheng precariously south of Zhenbang, with the back of the mountains overlooking the river. There are no more five-story buildings to look up to, the King of Yue will eventually be subdued by the King of Han." After the outbreak of the Opium War, he remembered the incident and expressed his feelings directly in Eight Songs of Sentiments: "The poison spreads barbaric smoke all over Haiqi, and the deep intention of the penal chapter is to prevent the slightest." He wrote about his support for Lin Zexu's ban on opium: "The beacon fire shines on the Haijiang River for years, and ten thousand troops of braves embrace the Yuanrong. Killing the most painful division has no law, seize the land in vain to hear that the thief has merit. The people's houses were destroyed by a thousand torches, and the barbarians' ships had one sail, how many dreams of prosperity in the Pearl River were returned to the same place in the catastrophe." He described the disaster caused by the Opium War to the country and the people in a sad mood. ...... These patriotic poems written by Liu Wenlin more than 170 years ago demonstrated the strong love and hatred of this patriotic poet, and were included in his collection of poems, Xianqiao Poetry Notes. However, after the Opium War, Liu Wenlin had to abandon his official post and return to Liaoning, where he lectured at Zuisheng College and spent his life in the company of poems and books in the midst of his indignation and sorrow for the people, which prevented his Xianqiao Poetry Notes from being widely disseminated. So much so that in the 1950s, when the literary historian Ah Ying (Qian Xingcun) compiled the Opium War Literature Collection, he did not include Liu Wenlin's earliest poems reflecting the Opium War in the volume of poems. Can not be said to have left a regret.
The end of the Qing dynasty Zuisheng College
In the 1990s, I wrote "Liaoning literature", I have been in Shenyang, a number of libraries and university libraries in the LiaoShen region literature, including Liu WenLin "XianQiao poems," including many of the precious books, only when the first printing of woodblock, copper plate, the first printing, has not been reprinted for nearly a hundred years. This is the inheritance of the fine traditions of Chinese culture, the promotion of local cultural characteristics should be concerned about the lack of, mending, is not too late, when we realize this, pay attention to the finishing of the cultural antiquities, the development of the construction of the local culture of Liaoshen when it is a very useful move.
This I also think of another famous Shenyang celebrity Tang Ying.
In the fall of 2005, I went to Jiangxi wind to the porcelain capital of Jingdezhen, Jingdezhen Ceramic Culture Museum, I saw the Jingdezhen was worshiped as a god-like "pottery saint" Tang Ying's bust, engraved with five lines of gold under the statue -
This is the first time that I have seen a famous Shenyang celebrity.
Yuanshen Hall director of manufacturing
Qin ordered to supervise the Jiangxi pottery
Interior Ministry of Foreign Affairs and ZuoLiang
Shenyang Tang Ying statue
1682-1756
Tang Ying is the Qing dynasty Kangxi and Qianjiang dynasties, a multi-talented wizard, he writes a book and say are signed "Shenyang Tang Ying", the sand, the "Tang Ying", "Shenyang", and "Tang Ying". Tang Ying", Sha Shanghe of the "Shenyang Tang Shuzi snail send Mr. Biography", the opening that Tang Ying "for the Guandong Shenyang". Tang Ying himself also said: "Ying, Guandong Shenyang people. Shiyu received the grace of the State, from the Dragon under the day, under the Ministry of the Interior." Tang Ying in the Qing dynasty in the twenty-first year of the Kangxi (1682) was born in Shenyang, sixteen years old into the Palace of Yangxin. Yongzheng six years (1728) to the Ministry of Internal Affairs to go to jiangxi supervise the pottery business, to qianlong eight years (1743) the end of the pottery business away from the town, in jingdezhen for fifteen years, he painstakingly study ceramic technology, writing and editing of the "ceramics map", and make a map of twenty, jingdezhen porcelain production process for the scientific summary and records. Is a very important ceramic technology monograph and historical documents, has been spread to Japan and Europe, is recognized as the history of ceramic technology and the development of the world's cultural history of a monumental work. The Japanese ceramics industry y benefited from his respect as "ceramic god".
Tang Ying was not only an outstanding ceramic artist who promoted the development of ceramic industry in the Qing Dynasty, but also excelled in poetry and literature, painting, calligraphy and seal cutting, and was especially good at theater. His poems into the "Tao people's hearts", calligraphy in the folk collection, he wrote for the Jingdezhen "wind and fire immortal master" Tongbin ancestral porcelain plaque "Yu Tao spirit shrine", so far is preserved in the Jingdezhen Museum of Ceramic Culture, has become a rare treasure. He wrote for the Jingdezhen opera troupe, there are legends and miscellaneous plays, included in the "Legends of Gubaitang" (also known as the "light of the moon") *** seventeen kinds. Among them, "Cross Slope", which is about Liangshan heroes Wu Song, Zhang Qing and Sun Erniang who have the guts and courage to throw themselves into Liangshan, and "Mei Long Zhen", which is about the scandalous behavior of the Emperor Zheng De who made a private visit to a hotel to molest a little folk girl, etc., have been adapted by many kinds of dramas and staged on today's stage of Chinese opera. Such a celebrity in the history of Chinese literature, theater history and even the world cultural history has had a wide impact, is the pride of Shenyang. Lamentably, such an outstanding contribution to the history of Shenyang hometown, today's Shenyang people know very little, some people in the cultural sector, but also completely unaware of the publicity of our traditional culture of Shenyang, how weak, it has come to the time of the need to make up for the lessons.
Rare rarity: Tang Ying inscription Jingdezhen wind and fire immortal master ancestral temple celadon plaque
November 2006, Comrade Hu Jintao in the National Congress of literature and writing in his speech pointed out: "a history of social development, is the history of the development of material civilization of human life and reproduction, wealth creation, but also the history of the development of human culture and civilization, the development of spiritual civilization of cultural accumulation and inheritance. A history of social development is a history of the development of material civilization through the propagation of human life and the creation of wealth. Every leap forward in human society and every sublimation of human civilization is engraved with the imprint of cultural progress. The power of culture is y embedded in the vitality, cohesion and creativity of the nation." Shenyang city decided to compile and publish a set of "Shenyang history and culture series", it is the practice of this spirit, adapt to the cultural development of Shenyang timely move. I chose to write "Shenshui song", is to collect Shenyang celebrities of the past generations of Shenyang poetry, focused on presenting to the reader, so that readers through these colorful poems to further understand the history of Shenyang, cultural traditions, humanities, Shenyang 2300 years of history and culture into a full of historical sense of the image of the scroll, so that readers in the understanding of the past of Shenyang at the same time, more confidently look forward to the future of Shenyang!
Modern history, Shenyang, Shenyang, many people for the motherland's brilliant tomorrow, in order to Shenyang's magnificent splendor and the next, our Chinese nation's ancient hero, the great patriot General Zhang Xueliang founded Northeastern University, hope that the year in the prime of life of the students, he was in the years of military service has been to Northeastern University to meet with the students, delivered speeches, encouraging students to He encouraged the students to work hard and strive for improvement. He once gave a poem to the students of Northeastern University--
The great river and mountains in the sunset,
National shoulders a heavy.
Men should rise at the right time to smell the rooster,
and not relax for an inch of time.
Yes, in order to realize the dream of several generations of people with the ideal of ****, we have a long way to go, not only to "hear the chicken dance", but also to accelerate the whip!
Zhang Xueliang