The so-called occupational environment analysis is to recognize the development status, technical content, social status and future development trend of the selected occupation in the social environment. The requirement of occupational environment analysis is to find out the requirements, influences and functions of occupational environment on career development through occupational environment analysis, and to measure, evaluate and respond to various influencing factors. What are the hot jobs at present? What are the development prospects? What influence does the social development trend have on the chosen occupation? What are the requirements? Generally speaking, occupational environment analysis includes two aspects: social environment analysis and organizational (enterprise) environment analysis.
I. Analysis of social environment
The so-called social environment analysis is the analysis of macro factors such as social and political environment, economic environment, legal environment, scientific and technological environment and cultural environment. Social environment has a great influence on our career and even the development of life. Through the analysis of social environment including international, domestic and local, we can understand and understand international, domestic and local politics, economy, science and technology, culture, legal system construction, policy requirements and development direction, so as to better seek various development opportunities.
Generally speaking, we are now facing a very good macro environment, with social stability, political stability, rapid economic development, integration with global integration, continuous improvement of the legal system, cultural prosperity and freedom, and advanced technology and high technology advancing by leaps and bounds. Therefore, under this premise, we need to pay special attention to the changes in the occupational environment.
According to the forecast of authoritative departments in China, with the development of economy and society and the progress of science and technology, the demand for specialized talents will change greatly in the next few years. There are mainly the following 10 categories of urgently needed talents and promising occupations.
(A), high-tech talents
The rise of high-tech represented by electronic technology, bioengineering, aerospace technology, marine utilization, new energy and new materials is the result of the research and development of a group of high-tech talents. If any contemporary country wants to occupy a dominant position in the high-tech field, it must have a considerable number of outstanding scientists, and make the average age of the team of scientists as close as possible to the "best age zone".
According to authoritative survey statistics, the peak age of major scientific discoveries is 37 years old, and the best age is 25 ~ 45 years old. It can be seen that the focus of high-tech talent competition is young scientists. At present, China has implemented the "Changjiang Scholar Award Scheme" with the aim of making top-notch young and middle-aged talents stand out.
High-tech related majors in colleges and universities include electronic science and technology, software engineering, marine science, marine technology, material physics, material chemistry, polymer materials and engineering, thermal energy and power engineering, nuclear engineering and technology, aircraft design and engineering, aircraft power engineering, aircraft manufacturing engineering, aircraft environment and life support engineering, etc.
(2), information technology talents
The accumulation and dissemination of information is the basis of the progress of human civilization. Today, with screens criss-crossing east, west, north and south, and the Internet criss-crossing all continents, we have strongly felt the charm of the information age, and information has become the greatest resource and wealth of mankind.
The information service industry has a history of more than 20 years in China, but the number of employees is small. In recent years, the information service industry has developed rapidly. At the end of the 20th century, there were more than 80,000 information service enterprises in China, with 165438+ 10,000 employees. By 20 10, the number of people engaged in information services in China will reach 7 million to 9 million. By 2020, China will build the largest information service network in the world.
The majors related to information technology in colleges and universities include electronic information science and technology, computer science and technology, microelectronics, optical information science and technology, electronic information engineering, communication engineering and so on.
(C) mechanical and electrical integration professionals
Mechatronics is the main trend of technology and product development in the world today, and it is also the only way for the development of China machinery industry. However, the knowledge structure of China's existing mechanical professionals is extremely disproportionate to the development of today's mechanical industry. Major in mechanical engineering, I don't know much about electronics and automatic control technology; Students majoring in electronics don't know much about machinery, so they can't combine machinery and electronics organically. 2 1 century, the competition of science and technology is fierce, and electromechanical integration professionals are the "fresh blood" of more than 400,000 enterprises in China machinery industry.
Mechanical and electrical integration related majors in colleges and universities include mechanical design and manufacturing and automation, material forming and control engineering, process equipment and control engineering, automation, electrical engineering and automation.
(D) Agricultural science and technology talents
With 7% of the world's arable land, it feeds 22% of the world's population, which is the current agricultural situation in China. The population is increasing, but the cultivated land is decreasing. What China people will eat in the future has become a major concern at home and abroad.
Therefore, agricultural scientists put forward a new idea of developing agriculture in China, relying on modern science and technology to train professional and technical personnel. Therefore, 2 1 century needs not hundreds of thousands of agricultural scientific and technological talents, but millions. The professional categories of required talents include not only traditional agriculture, forestry, livestock and animal husbandry, but also a large number of modern emerging majors such as bioengineering and marine aquaculture.
The majors and occupations related to agricultural science and technology include: agronomy, horticulture, plant protection, tea science, grassland science, forestry science, forest resources protection and recreation, wildlife and nature reserve management, animal science, sericulture, animal medicine, aquaculture, marine fishery science and technology, etc.
(5) Environmental protection technicians
As soon as China's environmental protection industry was born, it became a powerful force on the economic stage. Objective before career planning and management, the serious shortage of environmental protection technicians is one of the main problems in this industry. According to authoritative statistics, there are about 70 thousand people in China's environmental protection industry, including more than 40 thousand technicians. Among the professional and technical personnel, there are nearly 2,000 senior titles and more than 1,000 intermediate titles/kloc-0. According to incomplete statistics of relevant departments, the annual economic loss caused by pollution in China is about 200 billion yuan, accounting for 10% of the gross national product. Every time the output value of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River increases by 1 billion yuan, the downstream will lose1billion yuan. It can be seen that the existing environmental protection technical personnel can hardly meet the needs of national economic development, and China urgently needs a large number of environmental protection technical personnel.
The majors related to environmental protection technology include environmental science, environmental engineering, ecology, landscape architecture, soil and water conservation and desertification control, agricultural resources and environment.
(6) Bioengineering R&D talents
2 1 century is the century of biology. With the continuous development of genetics, cloning technology, biochip, gene medicine and gene therapy, the influence of biological science on society and various fields of science and technology is deepening day by day, and modern biology has become a well-deserved contemporary "central science".
As we all know, biotechnology is the most active and encouraging frontier science in the world at present, which has great economic prospects in the fields of industry, agriculture, medicine and environmental protection. The development of biotechnology can not only provide new industries for mankind, but also play an important role in solving the three major crises of food, energy and environment faced by mankind. Therefore, in recent decades, industrialized countries have been vigorously developing biotechnology and cultivating and recruiting biotechnology talents.
The majors related to bioengineering research and development are biological science, biotechnology, bioinformatics, bioinformatics, biochemistry and molecular biology.
(7) international economic and trade talents
In the world economy, international marketing is one of the key factors for the survival of enterprises, which requires economic and trade personnel not only to have the foreign language skills needed in daily life, but also to know international trade knowledge, rules and regulations of international trade negotiations, international economic law, marketing skills and basic product expertise. At present, there is a serious shortage of international trade talents in China, and only a few talents meet the requirements of international trade talents in business and quality. In the 2 1 century, with the development of the information society, the emergence of the global village and the completion of the information superhighway, the trade with foreign countries will further increase. Therefore, it has become an important task for China to train a large number of international economic and trade talents.
The majors related to international trade include economics, international economy and trade, finance, career planning, management finance and so on.
(8) lawyers.
With the development of society and the improvement of the legal system, people's legal awareness has been continuously enhanced. Enterprises not only hope to have an excellent legal adviser to help enterprises earn more profits, but also individuals need private lawyers to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Therefore, there is a growing demand for lawyers in society. However, there is a shortage of lawyers in China at present. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently less than 20,000 full-time lawyers in China, with an average of only two lawyers per 654.38+10,000 population, which is far from meeting the needs of society in terms of quantity and quality. If we calculate that every 10,000 people need 1 lawyer, our population of more than one billion needs 1 more than 10,000 lawyers. Therefore, the future employment prospects of lawyers are very impressive.
The essence of market economy is the economy ruled by law, and the core of political civilization is the civilization ruled by law. Governing the country according to law and building a socialist country ruled by law is the inevitable requirement of market economy and the basic strategy of governing the country and ensuring peace. The practice of ruling the country by law in an all-round way needs the guidance of advanced and mature legal theory. The discipline of law has broad development space and bright development prospects. Legal professionals can work in judicial, procuratorial, judicial administration, lawyers, public security and other departments. You can also engage in legislation, legal education, legal research, administrative management and legal counsel for companies and enterprises.
(9) Insurance actuaries
"Actuaries" can be called "elites" in the insurance industry. They are senior talents in the insurance industry, including mathematicians, statisticians, economists and investors. They should not only have the professional knowledge of the insurance industry, but also have the ability to predict the future development direction. China's Insurance Law stipulates that insurance companies must employ actuaries recognized by financial supervision departments. According to the statistics of insurance institute of china, there are only dozens of actuaries in the strict sense among the population of 654.38+0.2 billion in China, which obviously cannot meet the needs of the rapid development of insurance industry in China. It is predicted that the market demand for actuaries in China will be around 4,000 in the next few years.
Actuaries need to have a good foundation in mathematics, economics and foreign languages, master the basic theories and skills of actuarial work, and be familiar with actuarial techniques and quantitative analysis of economic activities. In foreign insurance companies, actuaries are the absolute core of all business, especially product design, and actuaries are involved in almost every department of insurance companies. However, China's insurance market is in its infancy, and the investment concept of domestic consumers is quite different from that of foreign countries, so "foreign" actuaries do not know much about China's market environment and are not suitable for China's national conditions. Local actuaries are familiar with the national conditions and understand the market, which is helpful to develop marketable products. Domestic CIRC, major insurance companies, universities, foreign-funded insurance institutions that have been approved to start business, joint-venture insurance institutions, the Ministry of Social Security, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Finance, the banking system and other units are all interested in actuarial talents.
(10) Logistics Professional Management Talents
The logistics industry, which is juxtaposed with energy and information flow, is the third profit source after labor and logistics resources. According to the forecast of relevant persons, the global express delivery transaction volume alone will increase from $35 billion in196 to $285 billion in 20 16. After China's entry into WTO, the logistics industry will become an important part of China's economy. At the same time, the competitive pressure faced by logistics and related enterprises is also increasing sharply. In the field of logistics, the gap between China and developed countries is not only the gap in capital and technology, but also the gap in knowledge, ideas and talents. For example, at present, there are more than 1 00000 domestic enterprises, but only100000 enterprises actually use modern logistics management methods to integrate enterprise management processes. Talent is the key to logistics. Modern logistics talents have been listed as one of the 13 talents in urgent need of introduction in the catalogue of talents development first promulgated by Shanghai last year. In recent years, middle and senior logistics professionals with business background, logistics management knowledge and solid English listening, speaking, reading and writing skills have become popular rapidly, and even "200,000-300,000 logistics talents with annual salary and vacant seats" have appeared. In the next three to five years, a large number of professional logistics talents need to be trained and introduced, so the employment prospects of logistics professionals are very promising. Including logistics systematic management talents and logistics enterprise management talents, professional operation talents of import and export trade business, intermediary talents familiar with domestic import and export market business, e-commerce logistics talents and logistics software development and design talents, business negotiators, foreign language talents, etc.
Second, the organization (enterprise) environment analysis
A comprehensive analysis of organizational environment is the core of our "knowing each other". After all, the organization (enterprise) you choose will be closely related to you. Moreover, in the interview process, examiners generally appreciate those who pay attention to the industry and enterprises.
Organizational environment analysis includes industry environment analysis and enterprise environment analysis.
(A) Industry environment analysis
Industry environmental analysis includes the environmental analysis of the target industry currently engaged in or about to engage in. Its contents should include the development of the industry, the impact of major international and domestic events on the industry, the current advantages and problems of the industry, and the development trend of the industry.
Industry is different from occupation, and industry is a collection of enterprises. A certain number of enterprises engaged in the production and sale of similar products or providing similar services will form an industry. For example, the home appliance industry includes several enterprises that produce televisions, air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines and other different types of specific products. In the same industry, you can engage in different occupations. For example, in the insurance industry, you can be an insurance salesman or a manager of the human resources department.
When analyzing the industry environment, we must combine the development trend of the social environment. Due to the rapid development of science and technology, some industries will gradually shrink and die like the sunset; There are also many sunrise industries with great development prospects constantly emerging and developing. At the same time, we should also pay attention to the influence of national policies and understand whether the state supports, encourages and guides an industry or restricts, controls and restricts it. We should try our best to choose those industries with prospects and great development space. For example, in recent years, China has attached great importance to environmental protection, implemented the strategy of sustainable development, protected biodiversity, controlled the use of chemicals in agricultural production, and developed "green food", which has made Chaoyang and other environmental protection industries full of vitality, leading to the rapid development of environmental protection equipment production, environmental protection technical consulting and other industries and providing a large number of jobs. At this time, if you don't understand the situation and blindly enter those industries with serious pollution consequences for temporary interests, it will definitely have serious adverse consequences for your career.
(B) organizational (enterprise) environment analysis
The analysis of organizational (enterprise) environment is particularly important. When choosing an institution (enterprise), individuals need to know the details of the products and services of the institution (enterprise) and the deep financial and economic situation through all possible channels, such as the news clues of the news publishing institution where the company is located; You can also learn the information for reference through books and the history of enterprise development, various local commercial activities, and the details of enterprise figures' awards. In addition, the home page of the company's website introducing the company's values will also reveal some clues of corporate culture; At least, we can fully understand and consider various factors by visiting or participating in interviews.
Enterprise environment analysis includes: Is the reputation and image of the employer good? What is the strength of the organization (enterprise)? What is its position, present situation and development prospect in this industry? What is the market situation? What are the development prospects of products and services in the market? What job can you offer? Is it suitable for you? Are there any good training opportunities? What about business leaders? How about the enterprise management system? Is it very advanced and enlightened? Is the corporate culture consistent with yourself? Whether the welfare treatment is perfect. Specifically, it includes the following three aspects:
1, enterprise strength
What is the status and prestige of enterprises in society? What are the current products, services and activities of the enterprise? What are the development fields of enterprises? What are the development prospects? What is the strategic goal? Are the technical forces and facilities advanced? Do you have strong competitiveness in this industry? Is it development and expansion, or retrogression and austerity, in a state of being annexed? Who are the competitors? What is the current financial situation of the enterprise? Need to carefully observe whether it is really "bigger" or "stronger" or empty? Is there any long-term vitality? What is the organizational structure of the enterprise? Is it flat or hierarchical? Wait a minute.
2. Business leaders
The ambition and ability of the main leaders of enterprises are the decisive factors for the development of enterprises. And a large part of your personal luck in the workplace comes from your boss. Many successful large enterprises have an excellent entrepreneur at the helm. Of course, firing the boss is also a home-cooked dish in the workplace. Therefore, it is necessary to know whether the main leaders of enterprises really want to do something, or whether they want fame and fortune? Is management advanced and enlightened? Does he have enough ability to lead employees to create a new world? Does he have strategic vision and measures? Does he respect employees?
3, enterprise culture and enterprise system
In addition to good welfare, attractive salary, comfortable working environment and excellent management, excellent enterprises will also create a positive corporate culture, make employees feel happy and respected, and make their work more creative. The key to good cooperation between employees and enterprises lies in corporate culture. Therefore, it is very important to choose what kind of corporate culture atmosphere makes you feel most comfortable when applying for a job.
The enterprise system covers a wide range, including management system, employment system and training system. Try to understand this information, understand the characteristics and development trend of the enterprise's organizational structure, and analyze what impact this arrangement may bring to your future. We should pay special attention to the employment system of enterprises, whether we can provide education and training opportunities, and what are the conditions? Is it possible for me to hold a higher position or take on greater responsibilities in this enterprise in the future? How big is the room for personal treatment improvement? Is it based on ability or working years? What is the standard working hours of the enterprise? Is it fixed or flexible? Of course, we should also consider how the salary and benefits provided by enterprises compare with other companies in the industry.
In short, through the above analysis, we should sort out a clear clue, determine whether our career has enough room for development in this enterprise, and measure the possibility that our goal can be realized in this enterprise.
Third, career expectations.
There is no doubt that everyone has their own career dreams. This dream will guide every decision you make. When looking forward to your future career, people should not just make a hasty decision to follow the fashion, but should first introspect and make clear what can bring them the greatest satisfaction and happiness. Everyone wants to have a good job, but what is a good job has different understandings and definitions. After all, everyone's interests, hobbies, experiences, abilities, family background, education level, environment, economic situation, religious beliefs, etc. are all different, which significantly affect job seekers' career pursuit and expectations. Career expectation determines people's expression, motivation and goal of job hunting.
The so-called career expectation refers to the individual's desire and yearning for a certain career. Since human society has a career, people have career expectations. With the development of society, the continuous differentiation of occupations and the emergence of new occupations, people's career expectations are diversified.
Career expectations are complex and diverse, but in real life, not all career expectations can be realized. Whether a person's career expectation can become a reality mainly depends on whether it is reasonable. The choice of any kind of occupation is restricted by social factors such as social demand and self-quality. Research shows that the embarrassing situation of many job seekers is caused by some misunderstandings in their mentality. Most people don't know what they really want, but choose the road ahead or adopt the opinions of relatives and friends around them; Some people know what they want to do, but they often don't know how to realize their dreams; Others are afraid of failure and dare not pursue what they really want to do. Even those successful people who seem to have unlimited scenery sometimes realize that their professional self is far from their true self, and often feel out of place in their own lives. The philosopher Charles? It took Handy many years to understand what he really wanted. He wrote in the book "Future Work": "I spent a lot of effort in the first half of my life trying to be another person. When I study in middle school, I want to be a great athlete. In college, I want to be a respected social celebrity; After graduating from college, I tried to become a successful businessman; Later, I became a director of a company. But I soon discovered that I would not succeed in any of the above identities. But this knowledge will not stop me from trying again. I am extremely depressed about myself. The problem is that I try to be someone else, but I ignore the person I might be. I just follow the trend and convention of the times, measure success with money and status, strive to climb the social ladder defined by others, accumulate material information and establish interpersonal relationships in the process, without trying to express my thoughts and personality. " Handy summed up many people's ideas. History is full of countless stories: someone changed his career direction because of a sudden epiphany and realized his real dream. Therefore, in the process of career choice, people should have an objective and scientific analysis of their career expectations, especially to prevent and eliminate all kinds of unreasonable career expectations in job hunting practice, and determine reasonable career expectations according to their professional expertise, personal quality advantages and objective social needs.
Further reading: How to buy insurance, which is good, and teach you how to avoid these "pits" of insurance.