Source of works
It is the fifth poem in Ji Hai Miscellaneous Poems by Gong Zizhen, a poet in Qing Dynasty, and describes the poet's feelings of leaving Beijing. The whole poem is divided into two parts, the first two sentences are the first part, and the last two sentences are the second part. In the first part, the poet wrote the majestic sadness of parting with the horizon, sunset and fallen flowers, giving himself a sense of life experience of falling flowers; The second part takes the fallen petal as the transition, and begins to associate it with the fallen petal-spring mud, empathizing with his enthusiasm for changing reality and his will to be unwilling to be lonely and depressed, and then making a statement on behalf of the fallen petal, swearing to the spring and pouring out his will to sing deeply. The image of the whole poem is simple, but the scene is muddy, the contrast is unprovoked, and the mind is clear. In just 28 words, it shows the poet's broad mind, reveals a valuable life value, and has the ideological and emotional capacity of heaven and earth, which can be called the masterpiece of Ding 'an poetry.
original work
Ji hai's miscellaneous poems
The mighty sorrow slants the day, and the whip points to the end of the world.
Falling red is not heartless, but turning into spring mud protects flowers more.
Annotation of works
(1) Uneasy sadness: The sadness of leaving Kyoto is like a wave of water, which also means the author's inner injustice. Powerful: infinite.
2 whip: the poet's whip. The East refers to the hometown of the East. Tianya: refers to the distance from Beijing.
3 falling red: falling flowers. Flowers are distinguished by the red ones, so falling flowers are also called falling red.
4 flowers: metaphor for the country. Namely: to.
Translation of works
The sadness of parting extends to the distant sunset. When I left Beijing, I felt like I was at the end of the world with a wave of my whip to the east. I quit my job and went home, just like a flower falling from a branch, but it was not a heartless thing. It has become the soil of spring and can also play a role in cultivating the next generation.
Creation background
In the 19th year of Daoguang (1839), that is, one year before the Opium War, Gong Zizhen was 48 years old. Disappointed with the rulers of the Qing Dynasty, he resolutely resigned and returned to his hometown. Later, he went to the north to meet his family. On the way back and forth between north and south, he wrote what he thought and felt on account paper with chicken feathers and put it in a bamboo basket. Later, * * * "got 3 15 pieces of paper, covered 3 15 poems (The Book with Wu Hongsheng) and wrote a large group of poems. This is the famous "Jihai Miscellaneous Poems"-that year was Jihai. ? This article is selected from the fifth article of Ji Hai Zashi. At that time, the author resigned angrily and left his relatives and friends, full of worries.
works appreciation
Literary appreciation
At that time, the author resigned angrily and left his relatives and friends, full of worries. The word "mighty" not only expresses sadness, but also contains all kinds of complicated thoughts and feelings such as dissatisfaction with the society at that time, anger against the politicians and concern about people's lives.
"Great sadness left the day." The sadness of parting has pervaded the world, and it is hard to ban it. What's more, the mood of the poet at this time can be imagined as the sun sets. If we analyze its meaning with the phrase structure and take "leaving sorrow" as the central word, then "mighty" is the attribute of "leaving sorrow" and "daytime slanting" is the complement of "leaving sorrow". "It clears up in the daytime" means that the author returns to the south with sadness, because the sadness is trapped in his chest, so he feels that time passes quickly and the sun will set before he knows it. The choice of "daylight" instead of "sunset" coincides with the author's mood at that time, and also symbolizes the social reality of the country's gradual decline at that time. In China's classical poems, poets often like to regard the sunset as a natural phenomenon, a fleeting symbol of youth, to express the pain of lovesickness or parting. "Hand in hand on the river beam, what will the wanderer do at dusk" ("Ancient Poetry"); "I will think of you in the clouds, so think of me in the sunset" (Li Bai's Farewell to Friends); "Thinking about it, thousands of miles of smoke, heavy dusk, boundless sky" (Liu Yong's "Yulinling"); "When the sun is setting, the willow blossoms are bright" (Xin Qiji's Fishing). Whining the whip eastward means the end of the world. "Singing Whip" refers to the poet's whip, and "East Finger" refers to the destination of this trip-hometown (Zhejiang). "That is, the end of the world" means that it is still far from home. Where the whip is raised, the ends of the earth are in front, farther and farther away from the capital. In the Yuan Dynasty, Ma Zhiyuan wrote Qiu Si in Jing Tian Sand: "Old vines and old trees are faint crows, and small bridges and flowing water make people. The ancient road and the west wind are thin. When the sun sets, heartbroken people are far away. " Gong Zizhen's multi-level description method is similar to Ma Zhiyuan's "When the sun sets, heartbroken people are at the end of the world". It's just that Gong Zizhen's "whip refers to the East, which means the end of the world", and he didn't directly call himself a "heartbroken man".
Arguably, Gong Zizhen was dissatisfied with the lifeless life of the government of the Ministry of Rites, and resolutely resigned as the director of the Ministry of Rites, ready to go back to his hometown of Hangzhou to do something, leaving the capital alone. There was only a sense of breaking with the old forces and hatred, and there should be no mighty sadness. Liu Zao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Journey to the North": "You don't have to cross the mulberry dry water, but you want to make Bingzhou your hometown." He said that because he moved to a farther place, even the guest house became his hometown. The difference is that although Gong Zizhen is a native of Renhe (now Hangzhou) in Zhejiang Province, he has lived in Beijing since childhood and worked as a Beijing official in the Ministry of Rites and other institutions for more than ten years. Beijing has long been his second hometown. Although Gong Zizhen took the initiative to resign, the reason for her resignation was objectively because she was trapped in shackles and lived in poverty. She had no choice but to leave Beijing and go out of the capital. Therefore, "Far Away from Sorrow" contains a little sigh of official career, political and ideological incompatibility and loneliness. Gong Zizhen had a close relationship with Ling Xiao, a prostitute at that time. One tenth of the themes in Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems are related to Ling Xiao, and one poem says that he is in love "as red as acacia and as green as sorrow". Although Ling Xiao is not in the capital, in this case, it is difficult for him to bid farewell to his past life, and it is also difficult to "leave sadness", which is tearful and reluctant. It can be seen that the connotation of Gong Zizhen's "parting from sorrow" is rich, complicated and multifaceted.
Flowers flying at dusk dispelled the poet's sadness. Unfinished business, time flies, youth is gone forever, and the sun sets. I am out of Beijing this time and may not come back. As an expert in describing fallen flowers, poets love "exploring spring", "seeing off spring", flowers and perhaps watching them fall. He once said in "Song of Falling Flowers in the Western Suburb" that the flying begonia flowers are floating in the world. For example, Kunyang is invincible in the morning; "If an 84,000-day-old woman washes her face, she will pour rouge here." I also heard that the pure land is four inches deep and looks particularly charming in the dark. Imagine that "there are endless flowers in the tree, and it is better to rain new ones. When the flowers fall, it is 360 days. "He made so many wonderful metaphors about the fallen petal, but now, the poet suddenly feels like a fallen petal. After bidding farewell to Kyoto, the poet left the capital by carriage, and couldn't help it all the way. He expanded his imagination to the boundless falling flowers. The struggle of officialdom, heavy atmosphere, suffocating humanity and poor life, the poet completely integrated his life experience with falling flowers.
"Falling red is not heartless", the word "falling red" here. It plays an important role in the whole poem. It inherits the "mighty sadness", and the poet's sadness is not only embellished by "mighty", but also set off by "the sky is crooked" and "the horizon", and there are also dynamic "falling red" lifts that pass by from time to time. This pen is hidden in the poem. Therefore, Falling Red is not only a supplement to the connotation of parting sorrow, but also a turning point, which frees the whole poem from parting sorrow and moves to a lower level, paving the way for the sublimation of the whole poem theme. At this time, the poet is considering protecting flowers. "Falling red" means falling flowers. The original intention of the whole sentence is that the petals falling from the tree are not heartless things, but adhere to the surface, rot into mud, turn into spiritual souls, and feed the spring flowers in the coming year. The author compares himself to the circular law of nature, saying that although he resigned, he would still care about the future and destiny of the country. This philosophical remark conveyed the poet's commendable spirit of "seeking politics even if he is not in his place", showed the poet's firm determination, became a famous sentence throughout the ages, and inspired many people to "remember the past and learn from the future". Falling flowers is by no means a heartless waste. The poet resigned from the director of the Ritual Department in order to go to his hometown to take charge of the academy, call his disciples to give lectures, pass on his studies and thoughts to the students, enlighten them with enthusiasm for change and vision for the future, and do his last bit for the country and the people. Flowers fall from their roots and turn into spring mud, which can breed a new spring, and the color and fragrance can be dedicated to the latecomers. Poets are inspired by endless laws of nature. In nature, flowers bloom and fall, which is caused by wind and rain, and there is no emotion at all. Falling in love is not a "sentimental thing" or a "heartless thing". Only when the poet completely combines his life experience with the fallen flower and moves his feelings to the fallen flower can the fallen flower have human feelings and become a sentient thing. Falling flowers are affectionate, which is manifested in brewing a new colorful world-"turning into spring mud to protect flowers." At this point, the poet finally grasped the chaotic thoughts like flying flowers, got rid of his troubles, rose to a solemn and sacred realm, and had a sense of mission of the times. "Turning into spring mud to protect flowers more" is Hua Fei's loneliness, and it is also a solemn and sacred oath for the poet to break away from corrupt officialdom and fight against the dark forces. For the country and the people, for the flowers, I will devote myself to turning into spring mud.
Ancient poets described the fallen flowers, one is complaining about others, complaining about the east wind, sighing about the years and sighing at the fallen flowers. "When the running water goes to spring, it is heaven and earth" (Li Yu's "Langtaosha"); "Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of acacia, two places of leisure" (Li Qingzhao's "A Plum"); Lin Daiyu buries flowers in A Dream of Red Mansions: "According to the person who buries flowers today, who did he know when he buried flowers?" Du Mu's "Golden Valley Garden" even compares the falling flowers to the beauty of falling from a building: "Prosperous things scatter fragrant dust, and flowing water is ruthless; At dusk, the east wind moans and birds call, and the fallen flowers still fall from the building. "Linking the natural scene where the wind blows and the flowers fall silently with the beauty falling from the building, comparing the pink girl's falling from the building with the pink petals falling from the branches, it contains the sigh that the beauty is like a flower, the beauty is unlucky, and once the beautiful things are lost, it satirizes the sad ending of the" Golden Valley Garden "in Shichong, but comparing the falling flowers with the beauty falling from the building, it is somewhat sad and full of strong sentimental feelings. The other describes the fallen flowers as natural scenery, and there is no lack of high-spirited spirit. " Petals are floating in the wind, far away from the running water "(Quetta of Liu Shenxu) Flowers are flying everywhere in Spring City" (Han Yi's Cold Food); Flowers are still in spring "(Yu Yue's poem), as well as Meng Haoran's" Dawn in the Spring "and" But today I remember that night, the wind and rain, I don't know how many flowers have been folded ".I only see childlike innocence and romantic interest, and cherish flowers without hurting spring. Some are full of vitality, and some show great excitement in decline. However, whether it is "flowers are flying all over the sky in spring" or "flowers are still in spring", it is slightly inferior to Gong Zizhen's "falling red is not ruthless, turning into spring mud to protect flowers". Even if it turns into spring mud, it is willing to cultivate beautiful spring flowers to grow. Not for the unique fragrance, but to protect the flowers. It shows that although the poet is divorced from officialdom, he still cares about the fate of the country and never forgets his ambition to serve the country, so as to express his enthusiasm for caring for the country until his death. Fully express the poet's strong feelings and become a famous sentence handed down from generation to generation.
This little poem combines political ambition with personal ambition, organically combines lyricism with discussion, and vividly expresses the poet's complex feelings. On poetry, Gong Zizhen once said that "poetry and people are one, there is no poetry outside people, and there is no one outside poetry" (Shu Tang Hai Qiu Poetry). His own creation is the best proof.
structural analysis
Structurally, the whole poem is divided into two parts, the first two sentences are the first part and the last two sentences are the second part. In the first part, the poet wrote the majestic sadness of parting with the horizon, sunset and fallen flowers, giving himself a sense of life experience of falling flowers; The second part takes the fallen petal as the transition, and begins to associate it with the fallen petal-spring mud, empathizing with his enthusiasm for changing reality and his will to be unwilling to be lonely and depressed, and then making a statement on behalf of the fallen petal, swearing to the spring and pouring out his will to sing deeply. At this point, the sadness in the poem has become a lofty dedication, and the horizon, sunset, fallen flowers and the future nurtured by spring mud are highly integrated. Thus, he expressed his pursuit of beautiful things and yearning for spring, and brought the reader into a magnificent and gorgeous realm.
Brief introduction of the author
Gong zizhen (1August 22, 792 ~ 184 1 September 26, 2000) was a thinker, writer and reformist pioneer in the Qing dynasty. Promoted at the age of 27, Jinshi at the age of 38. He used to be cabinet secretary, director of Zongrenyuan, and director of etiquette department. He advocated abolishing graft and resisting foreign aggression, and once fully supported Lin Zexu to ban opium. He resigned at the age of 48 and returned to the south. The following year, he died suddenly at Yunyang Academy in Danyang, Jiangsu. His poems advocated "changing the law" and "changing the painting", exposed the corruption of the Qing rulers, and were full of patriotic enthusiasm. They were praised by Liu Yazi as "the first class in three hundred years". He is the author of Ding 'an Anthology, with more than 300 articles and nearly 800 poems. Today's collection is the complete works of Gong Zizhen. Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems ***3 15.