When launching, the upper cover of the missile launch tube is opened. Because the launch tube is watertight and airtight, a small amount of seawater is filled after inflation, and the pressure is equal to that of seawater. There is no pressure difference, so seawater cannot enter and gas in the tube cannot overflow the water surface. After receiving the launch command, the electric tube is detonated to ignite the gas generator, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by it is sprayed into the cylinder from the bottom of the launch cylinder. Driven by the reaction force, the missile will penetrate the watertight diaphragm and be directly pushed out of the barrel. After the missile is out of the barrel, it takes off with the help of 1 rocket. After the second rocket flies for about 20 or 30 kilometers, it will be boosted by relay, and then the missile will be pushed into outer space, fly according to the predetermined trajectory, and then re-enter the atmosphere to attack the target.
After a missile weighing more than ten tons leaves the boat, there are at least two effects: first, the stability of the submarine is damaged, and seawater must be injected into the launcher immediately to make up for part of the weight; At the same time, the submarine balance cabin also pumps water to make up for the balance and maintain stability. Second, the recoil at the moment of launch often makes the submarine sink slightly. For example, the submarine George Washington sank 4 meters when launching the first Polaris A/KLOC-0 missile, but it was not dangerous for the submarine. At first, the United States launched submarine-launched ballistic missiles by means of water ignition, that is, when the missile flew from the water 1 5m to 25m,1rocket started to ignite. Later, it was changed to underwater ignition, that is, after the missile was launched from the boat, it was ignited at a safe distance to ensure that the missile had a huge vertical upward thrust when it came out of the water and was not affected by complex waves on the water.
In general, submarines not only launch ballistic missiles vertically, but also launch anti-ship missiles with torpedo tubes. Anti-ship missiles are usually placed in a special torpedo container, usually designed according to the standard caliber of 533 mm. The torpedo container has its own power device, and the tail is equipped with a solid rocket engine and a gas generator. When launching, the submarine pushes it out like a torpedo. When the container sails to a safe distance, the solid rocket engine ignites and the container is driven by the rocket engine to dive. After diving 150m ~ 200m, when the container jumps out of the water at an angle of 45 degrees and rises to a height of 20m, the top automatically falls off, and the gas generated by the tail gas generator ejects the missile at an inclination angle of 12 degrees ~ 15 degrees. At this time, the booster of the missile ignited and pushed it to a height of 32 meters. Subsequently, the missile fired on the main engine, and the missile descended to the cruising altitude (about15m).