Summer night cool, looking at the blue sea, the flickering Milky Way, pointing to the Altair and Vega stars across the river, listening to the old grandmother never get tired of telling the beautiful story of the cowherd and the weaving maiden ...... Chinese people in middle age and above will have such a beautiful memory - - Nowadays, the young generation is becoming more and more isolated from these stories. Nowadays, the young generation is more and more isolated from these, "Meng Jiang female jealousy, the ugly duckling eating Kent chicken", the materialistic world, the strange and bizarre, so that everything is out of shape and tasteless, people began to re-talk about "nature" and "return". People start to talk about "nature" and "return" again. May the story of the cowherd and the weaving maiden not be "rock and roll", and leave a little bit of innocence for people.
The Weaving Maiden is the granddaughter of the Queen Mother, weaving beautiful cloud brocade for the sky. Cowherd is a hard-working, simple and bitter child, abused by his brother and sister-in-law as a cowherd. One day, the old ox suddenly spoke and told the Cowherd that on a certain day the fairies were going to bathe in the lake, and told him to hold the Weaving Maiden's clothes and then return them to her and ask for her hand in marriage. In this way the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden formed a happy little family. Then the Queen Mother knew about it and broke up this beautiful marriage. The Cowherd listened to the old cow, put on his cowhide, and carried his two children to the sky to catch up with them. When the Queen Mother drew on her hairpin and made a stroke, a river in the sky came to life and separated the couple. The river was so wide that it could only separate their bodies, but not their hearts. They sobbed to each other across the river, and finally moved the Queen Mother to allow them to meet once a year on July 7, on which day all the magpies on earth went to the sky to build bridges and pave the way for this pair of lovers who are faithful to each other in life and in death. --That is why the play that performs the story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden is also called "The Matching of the Heavenly River" or "The Meeting of the Magpie Bridge".
This is the basic content of China's oldest and most popular folk myths and legends -- yet it took thousands of years for this form to be completed.?
The story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden is recorded in the chapter "Dadong" of the Book of Songs: ?
We have a Han in the sky and a light in the supervisor. The weaving maiden is crawling on her feet, and she will be with her husband for seven days. The story of the Weaving Maiden:
The story of the Weaving Maiden:
The story of the Weaving Maiden:
The story of the Weaving Maiden:
We have a Han in the sky and a light in the sky.
Said the heavenly river on that day, used as a mirror should also have light. The triangular arrangement of the Weaving Maiden star, day and night non-stop swinging shuttle weaving. However, she could not weave a coat of arms. The bright star Altair could not be used to drive a car. According to Ren Fang's "The Recounting of Anomalies", the Weaving Maiden was the son of the Heavenly Emperor, who was so busy weaving all year round that he took pity on her and married her to Altair, a man from the western part of the river. After their marriage, the Emperor became angry and sent the Weaving Maiden back to the east of the river, allowing them to meet only once a year. From here, we may be able to see the shadow of the story of the Ox and the Daughter in the Book of Songs.?
At the time of the Han and Wei Dynasties, the love story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden across the river had already taken shape. The most beautifully written poem is "Nineteen Ancient Poems - A Long Way to the Altair Star":?
The star of Altair is a long way away, and the star of the river is bright. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm going to be able to do it, and I'm going to be able to do it. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do this, but I'm going to be able to do it," he said. The river is clear and shallow, and the distance between them is a few kilometers. The river is clear and shallow, how far away is it from each other?
Cao Zihuan "Yan Ge Xing", Zi Jian "Luoshen Fu", Lu Shiheng "a long way to Altair", Xie Huilian "July 7th Wing Cowgirl", etc., all chanted the story of the cowgirl.The late Han Dynasty's Ying Shao (应劭)《风俗通》has already recorded the episode of the magpies building bridges on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month: "The Weaving Maiden crosses the river on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, making the magpies bridges, and the magpies' heads are all scalped for no reason on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month (kūn), because the beams cross over to the Weaving Maiden for the same reason." From the Southern Liang Dynasty, the Security Department (lǐn) of the "Jingchu Yearly Record" can be seen in the folk customs, the story of the Cowherd and Weaving Maiden Tanabata meeting with the women's trick-begging custom, has been combined. Begging for coquettish activities have a long history, "Xijing Miscellany" has been recorded, and this activity is not limited to "Tanabata", and later with the story of the cowherd and the weaving maiden into one. To the Tang Dynasty, this story and custom has been passed from the folk to the court. Long Hate Biography" cloud: "Tianbao ten years, (Yang Guifei) service carriage summer Lishan Palace, autumn July, Altair and Weaving Maiden see the evening ...... when the night is half ...... alone on the service, by the shoulder and stand, because the sky feel the cow woman thing, the secret oath, willing to be a couple, say, hold hands, and the story of the cowboy and the weaving woman. For the couple, after the words, holding hands each whimpering." Bai Le Tian "Song of Long Hate" also cloud: "July 7, Palace of Eternal Life, no one in the middle of the night when whispering. In heaven, I wish to be a bird with two wings, and on earth, I wish to be a twig with two branches." In the Qing Dynasty dramatists, Yang and Li were named after the Palace of Eternal Life.
For thousands of years, the story of the Cowherd and the Weaving Maiden has been loved by the people, and it has been enriched and developed by the people in the process of circulation, making it closer and closer to the life of the working people, and more and more rich in the flavor of life and the taste of human beings, and it is only through the accumulation of creations of many generations that it is formed into such a face today.
Meng Jiangnu wept at the Great Wall?
The story of Meng Jiangnu weeping at the Great Wall is one of the most widespread folklore in China, and for more than 2,000 years, it has been taught by word of mouth, written by the canonical books, by the orchestra, and performed in the theater, until today, when it is put on the screen to a variety of styles of media dissemination, and it is almost a household name, known to all women and children.
How did the story of Meng Jiangnu arise, spread and evolve?
The story of Meng Jiangnu took place in Qi. Qi is Jiang Taigong's fiefdom, read the "East Zhou Lieguo Zhi" people will know, the book appeared in the "x Jiang", always Qi people. Meng Jiang was the eldest daughter of Jiang. Her story was first told in Zuo Zhuan (左传). Meng Jiang was the wife of Qi Liang, a general of Qi, who was killed in battle in Ju in 549 B.C. When Duke Zhuang of Qi met Meng Jiang outside the city, he expressed his condolences to her. Meng Jiang thought that the countryside was not a place for mourning and refused to accept it, so Duke Zhuang accepted her advice and went to her home to offer his condolences. In addition to her knowledge of etiquette, Meng Jiang was also known to be a good weeper. Chun Yu Kun said, "The wife of Qi Liang was good at weeping for her husband and changed the customs of the country." In the land of Qi produced the Meng Jiang weeping tune.
The Western Han Dynasty already had a record of Meng Jiang's "crying to the city after her husband's death, and the city collapsed" (Liu Xiang's "Saying Yuan" and "Biography of the Ladies"). As for where the wall of the city collapsed, although there are Jucheng said, Qiliang said and Liangshan said differently, but all in Qi, not the Qin's Great Wall. Li Daoyuan's "Commentary on the Water Scrolls" believes that Meng Jiangnu's weeping wall was Jucheng. Around the Tang Dynasty, this theme evolved into the story of Meng Jiangnu's search for her husband by thousands of miles and her weeping over the Great Wall, which has today's regurgitated form. The Zhouxianji moved the story to Yan, where Meng Jiang's name was Meng Zhongzi, and Qiliang became Qiliang. Qiliang, in order to escape from the construction of the city, mistakenly entered the back garden of Meng Chao. Meng's daughter, Zhongzi, was taking a bath. Ancient people had a strong sense of chastity and believed that a daughter's body could only be seen by her husband, so the two of them became husband and wife. Later, Qiliang returned to the Great Wall site was executed, buried under the Great Wall, so Zhongzi thousands of miles to find her husband, crying collapse of the Great Wall, but also in the tired white bones in the blood test bones, finally got the remains of her husband cloud.
The ancient
Generation wars were frequent, and the labor was heavy, so the grievances of the conscripts were a traditional theme. At the end of the Han Dynasty, Chen Lin wrote "Drinking Horses from the Great Wall Grottoes": "Drinking Horses from the Great Wall Grottoes, the water is cold and hurts the horses' bones. I used to say that the officials of the Great Wall were careful not to leave Taiyuan pawns behind....... Don't you see that under the Great Wall, the skeletons of the dead are supporting each other?" After that, poets of all generations have been singing about it. Tang Dynasty poet monk Guan Xiu, there is "Qiliang Wife", even aria Meng Jiang female weeping the Great Wall. Afterwards, this subject matter is into many poets, for the story of the widespread circulation, played a role in promoting the role.
From the Yuan Dynasty, the story of Meng Jiangnu began to be brought to the stage. This was recorded in Tao Zongyi's Nancun Dropout Records and Zhong Sicheng's Record of Ghosts. In these operas, Meng Jiang was transformed into Meng Jiangnu, and Qiliang derived the names Qiliang, Fan Qiliang, Fan Xilang, Fan Xilang, and Wan Xiliang.
With the spread of the story of Meng Jiangnu, the temple building fever has arisen everywhere. The earliest known temple built in the Northern Song Dynasty, Xushui, Hebei Province and Tongchuan, Shaanxi Province are found in the Northern Song Dynasty Xiangfu and Jia? In the past few years, the temple of Meng Jiangnu has been rebuilt. Many square records describe Meng Jiangnu as a local, and there are tomb mounds of Meng Jiangnu in Linzi, Tongguan (Tongchuan), Ansu (Xushui), Shanhaiguan and Tongguan. At the end of the Qing dynasty Shanghai to build a road in the old north gate of the foot of the city unearthed a sarcophagus, lying in the middle of a stone statue, chest, "Wan Qiliang" three words, is the Ming Jiajing years when the city of Shanghai was buried. According to "Meng Jiang Fairy Treasure Scroll", the first emperor built the Great Wall, Tai Bai Xing descended nursery rhymes: "There is a Wan Xi Liang in Gusu, a person can withstand the death of ten thousand people. Later, he was appointed as the king of the Great Wall, and the Great Wall will last forever." Emperor Qin's capture of Xiliang triggered the story of Meng Jiangnu's search for her husband and her crying over the Great Wall. Emperor Qin allowed Meng Jiang to do three things, to build a bridge, to build a grave, and to cry and offer sacrifices, and Meng Jiang threw herself into the water and died after rebuking the tyrant. In this story, Meng Jiangnu became a Songjiang...?
The story of Meng Jiangnu reflects the people's hatred of feudal tyranny and their desire and pursuit of a free and happy life, which has been passed down and evolved over more than 2,000 years to form what it is today.?
The Tale of the White Snake?
The Legend of the White Snake is also a beautiful legend created by the people through hundreds of years of accumulation of generations, it is still on the theater stage for a long time, "swimming in the lake", "stealing the fairy grass", "the water is full of Jinshan Mountain
Feng Menglong's "A Cautionary Tale" includes "The White Snake's Yongzhen Leifeng Pagoda," which is the earliest version of the "Legend of the White Snake" that can be found today. In the legends before this, the White Snake Spirit is a vicious demon, which is tired of playing with men and eats their hearts and livers, and the theme of the story is only to tell people that people and demons can't **** live together. The White Snake Spirit in the "A Cautionary Tale" is a personification of the White Snake Spirit's obsessive pursuit of love, freedom, and happiness, and her steadfastness. Xu Xian, on the other hand, is soft-eared and a bit negative. As soon as he hears the gossip of others, he shakes his heart, and several times he lets and even invites people to use spells to drive away and subdue the White Lady, and in the end he listens to the abetment of Fa Hai, and personally covers his wife with a mantle, which will keep her under the Leifeng Pagoda for all eternity. The main conflict of the story is between the White Lady and Xu Xian, between a woman in love and a man with a heart of gold. Traces of the evolution of this traditional theme can be seen in the story of the White Maiden in A Cautionary Tale.
In the course of the circulation of the story of the White Lady, the anti-feudal theme was gradually highlighted. In the opera "Leifeng Pagoda Legend" of the early Qing Dynasty, the conflict between the White Lady and Fahai has become the main conflict, and Fahai, as a representative of the feudal forces, becomes the culprit who destroys the marriage of Bai Xu. The episodes of "Stealing Grass" and "Water Fighting" reinforce the character of the White Maiden, who would go through fire and water for the sake of her love. The image of Xu Xian has also changed a lot. "Although the white is a demon, treat me with kindness, today's events, witnessing the injury, too feel negative. Alas, grudges seek each other, a 懡 linea luó (mǒluó), I now realize also. I am now enlightened. My dusty heart has been broken, and I am willing to follow my master to become a monk." This is his final confession.?
The anti-feudal theme of the story is further clarified when it comes to the playbook, "The Legend of the Righteous Demon" and "The White Snake Treasure Scroll". "Xu Xian came to think within his heart that the monks were too fierce in their deeds. If my wife is a demon or a monster, it has nothing to do with you. Don't come to make trouble today and tear my wife and husband apart." Mr. Lu Xun, in his famous article "On the Fall of the Leifeng Pagoda", mentioned the play "The Legend of the Righteous Demon", "Try to go to the mountains and seashores of Wu and Yue, and listen to public opinion. Where there are farmers, silkworms, village hooligans, in addition to the marrow of the brain a little bit of the noble disease, there is who do not for the White Queen of injustice, do not blame Fa Hai too many things?" Over the centuries, it is the continuous creation of countless "farmers, silkworms, village rogues" that makes the "Legend of the White Snake" in the art of continuous sublimation, to complete its criticism of feudalism, the theme of glorifying freedom and love.
The story of Dong Yong has been around for a long time, and since the 1950s, the release of the Huangmei opera movie "Tian Xian Match," starring Yan Fengying, has made the story spread rapidly across the country, creating a "Tian Xian Match Fever". To this day, at parties of all sizes, "Husband and Wife Come Together" and "I Carry Water for You to Water the Garden" are still popular songs that men and women, young and old, can hum a few lines. Is Dong Yong a real person or not? In which dynasty did his story originate?
The story of Dong Yong has a source, which is found in the history of the book, class book, notes, subsets of the earlier three or four. It is widely believed that he was a native of Qingzhou in the Han Dynasty, in the northern part of present-day Shandong Province, but there are different accounts of where the story of his selling his body to bury his father and meeting a fairy took place.
Hubei "Xiaogan County Records" (Guangxu 8 years) records: Dong Yong Qingzhou Qianxian people, lost his mother early in life, the end of the Han Dynasty by the Yellow Turban Rebellion, by the father of the exile, commissioned plowing to make a living, and then there is the story of the sale of his father's burial, the road to meet the nymphs. "Southern Song Dynasty Song to the name of its place is called Xiaochang". Shunzhi, KangXi repair between the "filial piety county" also said "to the end of the Han dynasty filial son of Dong Yong, dialysis of Anlu County, the eastern territory of filial piety Chang County". To the Five Dynasties after the Tang Dynasty, and then changed the Xiaochang County for Xiaogan County. Filial piety, because of filial piety and move heaven and earth also. The first thing you need to know is whether you're going to be able to get the best out of your life, or whether you're going to be able to get the best out of your life, or whether you're going to be able to get the best out of your life.
The famous notebook novel Jin Ganbao's "Searching for God" also recounts the story of Dong Yong. "Han Dong Yong, Qianxian people, young all orphaned, wantonly force mu, deer car car (father) to follow. Father died, no burial, was sold for the funeral ......"?
Wei Cao Zhi long poem "drums (pí) drum song five songs - Lingzhi chapter" song of filial piety, also wrote Dong Yong: "Dong Yong suffered from family poverty, the father's wealth is not left. His father and mother had no money left. He took leave of his father's house to provide for them, and his servants made him fat and healthy. When his debtors came to his door, he did not know what to do with himself. The Goddess of Heaven was inspired by the best of virtues, and the Goddess of God was the best of all." The story of Dong Yong was widely circulated at the end of the Han Dynasty, and it may have been created earlier.
The Northern Song Dynasty Taiping Xingguo years compiled by the "Taiping Royal Exposition" also recorded the story of Dong Yong: "Liu Xiang, filial son of the map" ...... the former Han Dynasty, Dong Yong, a thousand by people, less lost his mother, only to raise his father, his father's death without a burial, was from the people to lend ten thousand dollars, Yong said the money master said: 'After the If you don't have the money to pay back the king, you will be a slave with your body.' He said, 'If I don't have the money to pay you back, I'll make myself a slave. Yong got the money to bury his father after, will go to the slave, in the road met a woman, begged for Yong's wife. Yong said: 'now poor as it is, the body is again a slave, why dare to give up the wife of Mrs.? The woman said: 'I would like to be the wife of the king, I am not ashamed to be poor.' Yong then brought the woman to. The owner of the money said: 'I said one person, why are there two? Yong said: 'If you say one, you get two, why is that not true?' The lord asked Yong's wife: 'What can you do?' His wife said, 'I can weave.' The Lord said, 'If you know a thousand pi juan for me, I will let you and your wife go.' So he asked for silk, and within ten days, he had a thousand pieces of silk. The Lord was shocked, so he let the couple go. When they reached the place where they met each other, they said, 'I am the Weaving Maiden of Heaven, and I am grateful to you for your filial piety, so I am compensated by the angel, and now that you have finished your business, I shall not stop for a long time. At the end of his speech, the clouds and haze hung in all directions, and he suddenly flew away." Liu Xiang, Western Han Dynasty, Xuan, Cheng between people, the famous scribe, catalog scholar, his record must have some of the original, so Dong Yong's story should be at the latest occurred in the middle of the Western Han Dynasty.