Author | The Elderly
The United States thrives on openness.
Hedy Lamarr, a Jew born in Austria-Hungary, fled from Europe to Hollywood to escape the Nazi hunt for Jews. The beautiful and charming actress, a third-grade movie, a lot of good movies, but in the theater, there is also a magical hobby - the study of radio communications.
On a calm night, Ms. Heidi invented "frequency hopping technology" based on the principle of the piano - encrypting information and expanding the capacity of communication through frequency hopping. After applying for a patent, she donates it to the U.S. government in the hope that the latter will fight the Nazis in World War II.
It was a kind gesture by a beautiful woman, but one that really afflicted generations of engineers, who, from then on, knelt with their heads up to lick her disks and their heads down to angrily jack her books.
After the physical rigors, Andrew Viterbi, an Italian Jewish immigrant and mathematician, along with Irwin MarkJacobs, built on Ms. Heidi's technology to develop the commercialization of CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access). Aspiring to provide better communications (Quality Communications), a couple of professors who had studied business named the company Qualcomm.
It was not easy to find a place in the communications industry. Ericsson and Nokia have been leaders in the industry for centuries. Ericsson once sold China's first telephones to the Qing government, full of historical meaning of the photos appear frequently in the introduction of the enterprise, hands and feet are the glory of the European aristocracy. A few students to get out of the Qualcomm, or two years after the disillusioned middle-aged man Ren Zhengfei founded Huawei, in front of the giant's technology, capital, market, are overrated.
Ericsson and Nokia's GSM communication standard has proved itself in 1G (the first generation of communication). When human communication technology gradually entered the 2G (second generation) era, it was a good stage for its self iteration and to show its strength.
As a challenger, Qualcomm lobbied frequently for the efficiency and promise of CDMA solutions, and successfully took the US and Korean markets. European tycoons frowned, OK, then play.
After all, GSM has long been established as the communications industry standard, from equipment manufacturing to network setup, from terminal to market education, the wood has become the forest, is not overnight can be shaken.
More critically, 1G's usage scenario is the big brother + tease girls to show off their wealth; 2G's usage scenario is the cell phone call + SMS + Greedy Snake. The experience of the communication speed is not so high requirements. CDMA is more efficient, but why do you need such a fast network speed? In contrast, the GSM standard has a history of more than a decade, and the infrastructure investment is sufficient, not only to meet the demand, but also the technology is mature and reliable.
Only the motherland is good, and some of the fans in the US, Japan, Korea, and other countries have opted for Qualcomm's CDMA, but GSM, which is the industry standard in Europe, is also the mainstream market, and there are limitations on the former.
Throughout the 90s, Qualcomm frequently fell into deep losses. Through the listing to raise funds to continue to invest in the bitter persistence. This CDMA persistence, will not receive a return?
Along with the transition from 2G to 3G, communication transmission speeds are gradually increasing, and the technical advantages of CDMA solutions are further emphasized.
Ericsson, Nokia gradually had a new idea, that day the main tent in the center of the army, the leaders of the various roads are discussing what. Suddenly, fast horse scouts came to report that just when GSM was greatly sought after, Qualcomm took advantage of the group did not pay attention to, secretly laid the groundwork for the CDMA solution to apply for a patent.
The CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is an information processing method that cannot be patented. But the solution of "applying CDMA as a method to cell phones and other terminals as a means of communication" can be patented. It is like "cutting a rice cake into slices" as a method that cannot be patented, but you can apply for a patent on "a machine that cuts a rice cake into slices".
Qualcomm's cunning lies in the fact that he will not only apply for patents on the programs he developed, but also apply for patents on "all conceivable" CDMA applications. In this way, all want to use CDMA this technology later, have to pay royalties to Qualcomm. Qualcomm's successes and criticisms stem from this.
Of course, the European aristocracy will not sit idly by and immediately set up the 3GPP organization, carefully and maximally bypassing Qualcomm's CDMA patents, the launch of WCDMA as the core technology of the UMTS standard. However, due to Qualcomm's precise layout in advance, Ericsson and then carefully thought out can not completely bypass Qualcomm. Patent fee payment, just more and less of the problem. At the beginning of the 3G, Qualcomm to "this road is I open, this tree is I planted" image, to take advantage of the first opportunity.
Years of study, repeatedly belittled by the scholar, at this time will not be willing to see the good to end. Pulling up the flag, calling for full obedience to their own 3GPP2 organization, the main push CDMA2000 standard. And the old aristocrat WCDMA Chen Bing Han River, the fight against each other.
At this point in time, at the end of the 20th century, the 21st century is approaching, WCDMA and CDMA is really a war of the century.
The European powers have a thick base and are quick to strike. Due to high market expectations, the 3G license is frequently auctioned at a high price. But immediately after the IT bubble burst in 2000, the first WCDMA operators were immediately pressed to kick the air. Vodafone, T-MOBILE financial chain frequently red light, France Telecom, there are a lot of people because of performance pressure to suicide [1].
And Qualcomm's main push of the CDMA2000 camp, the strength of the weak out of slow, but fortunately avoided the IT bubble burst, and harvested a good start.
However, whether WCDMA, or CDMA2000, the more in full swing, the more y into a problem: the network is built, but there is no demand. Back then, the cell phone screen is small, phone calls, text messages, outside of Snake, there is still no interesting thing. Obviously, the mature 2G network with GSM as the standard is more than enough.
Qualcomm has grown to the point where it can confront the European powers in front of the front, is trying to break out of the enclosure, but found that there is no way to run. A body of heroism nowhere to vent when the opponents of the army formation, MediaTek bow and arrow, a hundred steps through the Yang Yang.
MediaTek has named this GSM solution Turnkey-Solution for itself. "Turnkey", as the name suggests, is like "handing over the keys" to a house that you can move in with a handbag. With this chip-based system, any manufacturer could produce a cell phone as long as it was equipped with a screen and a battery. In contrast to the complexity of contemporary CDMA technology and Qualcomm's greedy royalties, MediaTek's Turnkey-Solution is both efficient and affordable.
MediaTek's Turnkey arrows with fire, igniting the Chinese market far to the east.
At the beginning of the century, the Chinese people's demand for cell phones has just awakened, from Huaqiangbei in Shenzhen to extend the country, all kinds of folk small factories have to buy MediaTek Turnkey on the line of cell phones: installed 8 amplified speakers, a NCKia cell phone to hold a night of square dancing; with a poor quality toys like a luminous cell phone shell, and the latest models of Samxing. Known as the "Shanzhai" folk forces, in China's blowout in the cell phone market, profits, but inadvertently killed the Pacific Qualcomm's first wild hope.
High-end Nokia, low-end Shanzhai, the GSM standard to capture the world's largest and fastest growing Chinese market.
The war is over. The war is over.
For a time, 3G has failed the argument is very noisy. Qualcomm was indignant, gray and silent. However, the European aristocracy's celebration is not over, and the smoke of the wolf in the distance is burning again.
Over the years, despite Ericsson, Nokia, Qualcomm and other fights are inseparable, but the solution to human communication has been the CT industry (Communication Technology) internal affairs. And the CT lords of the wind and fire each leading the wind, finally attracted the IT industry ( Information Technology ) eye red. Wifi, is the representative work of the IT industry.
Intel Intel as the IT industry's bull's-eye, feel to their own this big brother out of the head of the time. At that time, Intel's chips + Microsoft's Windows operating system, composed of Wintel combination, sweeping the world, invincible. China Ni Guangnan wanted to break the monopoly and build a core for the nation.
Realized the technology of the chip, but bypassed the chip's patents; long journey, bypassed the patents, a new RISC structure, found that they still have to do their own prototypes; and so on their own prototypes, and even their own products, and finally found that there is no software is willing to come to support the creation of ecological. China's national core program ended in hatred. Left to the challenger over the hurdles, the last or effortless strangulation you, Intel + Microsoft's giant power is so terrible.
Interestingly, because of too few users, Tencent announced in 2016 to stop WeChat, QQ software on windows phone system update. Years later, exactly the same logic, exactly the same angle, Microsoft was left behind by the big ship of the mobile world. It is already an afterthought, and will be pressed into service.
At least at the time, there was nothing wrong with the IT newcomer.
Wifi technology was stable, low-cost, and for a long time ahead of the mobile web in terms of rate, and it was all the rage for a while. In those years, the clothes of the son to go to someone's home guests are greeted in this way: your home is really beautiful, wifi password is how much? Facebook's Zuckerberg and Iron Man Elon Musk have threatened to build a wifi system covering the world. IT big brother confidence, Intel wifi technology as the core of the hard to get out of a Wimax program. Thus, the original two-strong dispute has become a three-strong.
Europe: GSM (2G), WCDMA / UMTS (3G)
Qualcomm: CDMA (2G), CDMA2000 (3G)
Intel: Wimax (3.5G)
Since the standards can be divided into two, it is difficult to distinguish between the two, and each must have their own pros and cons. Other communications industry players, such as equipment vendors, have to choose between several major standards, which is akin to gambling. If you choose the right one, you can count the money; if you choose the wrong one, you can lose it all.
3G construction is in full swing, burning money like hemp. MediaTek launched Turnkey program, the market woke up, 3G's crazy investment can not earn money back, 2G rate is enough and low-cost, hurry back to kill the horse, hard to do GSM.
More than ten years of entrepreneurship, Huawei by virtue of the wolf culture and ZTE opened up a huge gap, but after that, often bet on the wrong treasure, on the contrary, ZTE gambled on the popularity of the small smart phone business. The gap of many years in a very short period of time was smoothed out, that is the last time ZTE and Huawei and Huawei to go hand in hand.
Historical moment, Huawei has invested a lot in 3G when the opportunity to make a decision, break his wrists, Yu Chengdong "UMTS and GSM marketing department" to change the fate of the "GSM and UMTS marketing department", the bottom of the brother immediately see the point, turn the head of the gun! The GSM is a very important part of Huawei's history, and it is a very important part of Huawei's history.
All the great and powerful show their skills at the time, the financial crisis in 2007 came unexpectedly, the century war rendered more and more sad. Lucent invested in CDMA loss of serious commitment to Alcatel, a hundred years of history of Nortel because of betting on WIMAX bankruptcy, Motorola divestment, Nokia and Siemens merger to survive. Once a dominant swordsman, the death of the dying and ordinary people, the blood sprayed out in the cold wind will soon be cold. The only thing left is a splash of blood as a sacrifice for the 3G era.
These scared the hell out of Huawei and ZTE, realizing that they could rub up the rankings as long as they didn't do anything and lay on the ground alive.
Blood stained battle robes, but not yet divided into winners and losers it, there is still breath are not willing to go, their own defense of the standard must be able to unify the world.
It's just that whenever someone brings up that awkward question again, everyone still flinches.
What does a mobile device need with 3G so fast?
All the great and the good are at ease, so you might as well be on the edge of your seat. The man who started the era is on his way.
In sunny California, Steve Jobs, a descendant of Syrian immigrants, is holding a phone called the iPhone in his hands.
Once again, time has drawn a line in the sand, and Jobs has redefined the cell phone. And with the iPhone, and the portal called the AppStore, the question of the century for the communications world was finally answered.
With 3G communication speeds, there is so much more that can be done in the smartphone era. Bigger screens, richer content, those who originally clamored that phone calls and text messages were enough, immediately understood that they were wrong. This is despite the fact that BlackBerry's founder and CEO, Jim Balsillie, confidently insisted that "the creation of the iPhone has had a minimal impact on us."
But both BlackBerry, the business phone giant, and Nokia, which ruled the world's cell phone market for sixteen years, went from being pulled off the pedestal to flopping and struggling for a few moments, and then finally dying, in just a few years.
The old era was shattered. The new era is fully wound up to charge forward, in front of the app as a representative of a large piece of virgin land to be developed, a later called "mobile Internet" era waiting for the jianghu to harvest.
The iPhone reviewed the major standards of the communications world.
The limitations of the Wimax solution were most obvious: WiFi coverage was limited, connectivity was cumbersome, and switching was not seamless. "Bringing my boyfriend's iPad to my best friend's house, I was surprised that it automatically connected to wifi", such convenience and luck belongs to only a few people.
GSM is so slow that it takes 3 minutes to open a Yahoo page, the times must abandon you.
Choosing between Europe's WCDMA and Qualcomm's CDMA2000 is obviously not a difficult task.
CDMA finally won. Qualcomm distilled its years of CDMA persistence into a single Snapdragon chip, which it put into batch after batch of iPhones and sold around the world. That same year, Viterbi, the world's second-richest mathematician, proudly received the National Medal of Science from President Bush. The former scholar, now famous and rich, at the top, overlooking the jungle, and again with a plan in mind.
First-class companies sell standards, second-class companies sell technology, third-class companies sell products. Early bets on CDMA Qualcomm, external standards, low to do equipment, selling phones during the day, the night to engage in the chip. When Qualcomm with CDMA program in 3G, especially after the 4G era to occupy an absolute advantage, the base station and other equipment business sold to Ericsson, the cell phone business packaged to the Japanese Kyocera. The core business in hand, as long as the chip and patent license, has been enough.
Qualcomm's royalties collected unusual way. Others are on a patent alone pricing, but Qualcomm people hard power strong, insisting on 2% to 5% of the selling price of the phone to collect royalties. apple quit, these years the iPhone more and more expensive, Apple believes that the credit lies in their own screen, unlocking, software, camera and other areas of innovation. Why these value-added also want to share a drink to you Qualcomm? That's why there is the opening of the brothers against each other, raise the knife single scene.
1G blank, 2G follow, 3G participation, 4G catch up, is an accurate summary of the world of communications in China.
Whether it is Nokia, or MediaTek Turnkey solution to create cottage machines, China has achieved their most gratifying market results. Especially in the 3G on behalf of the CDMA and 2G on behalf of the GSM tug-of-war the most stalemate moment, our dynasty alone to buy buy buy, to help an international dispute to distinguish between winners and losers. But China, which has been reforming and opening up for 30 years, is clearly not willing to be a non-existent buyer in the future.
January 2009, the financial crisis has passed the climax of the four trillion stimulus string tweeting arrows, China's Ministry of Information and Industry issued 3G license. China Telecom was in charge of CDMA2000, China Unicom was in charge of WCDMA, and the industry leader China Mobile was assigned to undertake the construction of China's self-developed TD-SCDMA.
As Qualcomm CDMA technology applications can think of paths are registered patents, and later people in addition to paying money, can only detour, China's self-developed TD-SCDMA is a very roundabout way. The application of the popularization of the difficulties in use, the use of many problems.
The oligarchic model of Chinese carriers, which has been widely criticized by the masses, has manifested itself in two ways. Once with the GSM business lying in the money China Mobile, led by the will of the state, alone, holding up the results of China's independent innovation forward. At the same time see, China Unicom and China Telecom's CDMA technology are imported mature technology, once up to bring a good experience. China Mobile has watched as its high-end customers have been scooped up in batches.
TD-SCDMA is hardly a success. But the Chinese investment in blood money, never retreat will, let the world see China's determination in the cause of communications. Europe and the United States understand that if the development of mainstream communications standards do not allow the 1.3 billion people in China to participate, then the country has gone through enough trials and tribulations to pull the lever and revolt, to get a standard of their own.
From then on, when the international organization 3GPP was developing international communications standards, China's views gradually became an important consideration. That's why a number of Chinese companies were present at the 5G standardization meeting.
4G and Apple are mutual achievements: Apple creates value and demand for 4G speed, and it is the rapid popularization of 4G that makes it possible to realize the terminal + iOS + AppStore ecosystem, which is so unique in Joe's lifetime, and thus destroys human civilization, and Nokia cell phones are destroyed in a single stroke. The sudden change in technology has also changed the fate of the domestic giants.
That year, after all, QQ was getting old, and Tencent, the king of socialization, was cornered by Sina Weibo, an up-and-coming force. In order to encourage celebrities and opinion leaders to open Tencent microblogs, Tencent used every trick in the book, from giving away iPhones to paying high "creation fees". Tencent Weibo was launched 8 months later than Sina Weibo, but 8 months is a long time in the life of the product.
Fidgety Shenzhen headquarters, heard Zhang Xiaolong in the emergence of smart phones developed an application called "WeChat", and quickly exceeded 10 million users, Ma Huateng finally breathed a sigh of relief, from that day on, he never personally pull celebrities to open the Tencent microblogging.
2019 Mobile World Congress MWC, Huawei launched a sentence: to be successful rely on friends, to be a big success rely on competitors.
Years ago, Huawei and ZTE's 3G data card business in Europe grew happily. But there is only Qualcomm a chip supplier. Qualcomm plays balance between Huawei and ZTE to maintain their absolute advantage. Many times Huawei and ZTE are ready for everything, but because they can't get Qualcomm's chips, so they can't send goods. The business war is about strength, and there is no temper at all.
The history of Huawei has "big Xu" and "small Xu". Big Xu, Xu Wenwei, the 90s, pay close attention to the communication system chip, less well-known than the system development of Zheng Baoyu, Li Yinan or terminal Yu Chengdong, but the solid core technology is the cornerstone of Huawei's success. Xiao Xu, Xu Zhijun, 04 years began to take command of the leadership into the consumer electronics chip market. First thought of the English name Huawei Silicon, abbreviated to HiSilicon, so the name Haisi. The birth of the name and Qualcomm have the same flavor.
A few years later, after knowing the shame and courage of Huawei precisely to data card chips into the consumer electronics chip market.
Looking at MediaTek to earn Turnkey-solution of the money, Hesi red, developed Huawei's Turnkey program, want to also make a fortune. Hu Houkun, vice president in charge of marketing, felt low, confusing Huawei to position itself, insisted on cutting down.09, Guo Ping brought a letter made by Fang Maoyuan PPT to the EMT meeting. "Consumer electronics chips spend too much money, limited revenue" point of view once put forward, like igniting a dynamite barrel, all the people argued into a mess. Huawei's cell phone chip, to a critical moment.
Ren Zhengfei personally board: the mobile terminal chip from the Hesse transferred to the cell phone company. A united front, cell phone, chip **** survival.
Huawei's baseband chip named Balong (Balong), a snowy mountain located in Tingri County, Tibet, at an altitude of 7013 meters, the neighbor of Mount Everest. Ambition is high, but the performance is mediocre, such as the process 40nm K3V2 heat, game compatibility if, and the same period of the Qualcomm APQ8064 and Samsung Exynos4412 have been used in the 28, 32nm process. [1] Clothes Gongzi is the user of Huawei's first smartphone P1, winter grip in the hand, complete competent warm baby.
Previous generations of Huawei phones, creative, but overall lackluster. Yu Dazui hilarious at the launch, the camera outside the pressure.
The first generation of Huawei's mobile phones was a lot of creativity, but it was generally lackluster.
Although the Mate7 was chosen to be released in the same month as Apple and Samsung. But Huawei did not have high expectations for this hasty entry into the high-end machine, stocking only 300,000. Who knows the same period of time, the iPhone is caught in the Hollywood photo door, no server problems in China, and then cause information security alarm. Samsung Note4 accidentally choose plastic shell, sliding fingerprints and other backward technology, old-fashioned.
Huawei unexpectedly stood out. Those who watch the fun, for the face value improvement, fingerprint press, business positioning appreciated. People who watch the doorway, marvel at this Kirin Kirin925 chip, set the great success of the years, leather multi-generational ills, not only integration, compatibility, GPU graphics ability to improve, and the use of 28nm process, really with Qualcomm's high-end chips in the same class.
Huawei people over the mountains, another spring and fall.
This year in Barcelona, Huawei said the sentence: to be successful rely on friends, to be a big success rely on competitors.
The clothes are on the stage, this is an outsider, but also can not help but think of a move, the heroism of the fight.
Twenty years ago, CDMA and GSM dispute, China can only be responsible for applauding and pay the bill; ten years ago, China's independent research and development of TD-SCDMA is just a fringe existence; today, in the 5G latest standard agreement, Qualcomm pushed the LDPC code as the coding scheme for the data channel, Huawei pushed the Polar code as the coding scheme for the control channel. Chinese companies are beginning to contribute to the development of a new generation of communication standards.
The fight in the communications jungle will continue. Qualcomm's experience tells us that there are later progress, there are vested interests to obstruct. Whether it is the voting incident, or the United States in the 5G everywhere to set up difficulties, all remind the people in the Bureau, the jianghu is still the jianghu.
In the early years, China's aspirations in the communications business did not rest with Huawei. For example, founded at the same time, often used to compare Lenovo, born good, the results are also in front. In Sun Hongbin or "little Sun" when Lenovo hired a freshman color Peking University and Tsinghua University, the office in the 90s if the undergraduate is not Tsinghua University, are embarrassed to say hello to people. The current CEO Yang Yuanqing was born in the same family, undergraduate Shanghai Jiaotong, graduate students in the University of Science and Technology.
Look at the private enterprise Huawei, Ren Zhengfei himself graduated from Chongqing building, Xu Wenwei from Southeast University, Huazhong Polytechnic (later Huazhong Science and Technology) contributed to Hu Houkun, Guo Ping, Zheng Bao with Li Yinan, counting Xu Zhijun, Nanjing Institute of Technology. No disrespect, but Ren did teach the old later, not the top university of young people can still fight the world. Jianghu night rain ten years light, interesting, interesting.
In the past two years, after 60 years, Guo Ping English has been progressing. Last month's MWC in Barcelona, Huawei rotating CEO Guo Ping read in Ganzhou English: Prism, Prism on the wall, who is the mosttrustworthy of them all? The Westerners in the audience laughed at the brilliant writing, and a few whistled.
Prism, the Prism program, was a secret eavesdropping program run by the NSA for many years, and it was only after years of revelations to The Guardian and The Washington Post by former CIA employee Snowden that the world was able to learn the inside story.
The gift of destiny, all in ways you never expected.
In the 2G era, there were only a few tens of thousands of base stations in China; in the 3G era, the TD-SCDMA technology was flawed, and China Mobile made up for it by building more base stations, which burned money and made it ashamed; and in the 4G era, there were 7 million base stations around the world, and 4 million of them were in China.
According to the formula C (speed of light) = λ (wavelength) ν (frequency),
in which the speed of light is always bright, the higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength, the more tends to propagate in a straight line (the worse the ability to go around the shot and through the wall). Simply put, from 1G to 5G, the wavelength is getting shorter and shorter, to complete the ecology of 5G need more and more dense base stations. China, once a latecomer, has instead gotten to the front of the pack.
But Ren Zhengfei gave a cautionary note in an interview: 5G has actually been exaggerated in its role, and more people have exaggerated Huawei's achievements. In fact, now human society to 5G is not so urgent need ...... do not imagine 5G as the waves, the waves come, the wealth comes, quickly fishing, fishing can not be missed. 5G development must be slow.
I hope that this article of the clothes public can help you revisit the history of communications, especially to understand the story of 3G, you will understand that Ren Lao is not not see 5G, but that the technology of G has matured and can support 5G communications, but the application of 5G, to fully exploit the value of 5G, should be a slow process.
Ren Lao also has a wonderful analogy, the current 5G when the mouth is big, the throat is small.
Recently, many brokerage firms and funds have been looking for a friend to talk about the investment opportunities of 5G. I am certainly optimistic, but the end of the time or say, do not let 5G step 3G dust. Humans always overestimate the changes after the last two to three years and underestimate the changes after ten years.
So where are the opportunities for 5G? It may be worthwhile to comb through the four centers of 5G: equipment vendors (Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia, ZTE), operators (China Mobile, AT&T), terminals (Samsung, Huawei, Apple, as well as Qualcomm, which is involved in the core technology chip), and application providers.
1, equipment vendors: 5G network requires more and denser base stations, Huawei, Ericsson and others have launched more mini low-consumption and ecological base stations, low power consumption and low radiation, small enough to hide under the street lamp under the billboard. But this demand boils down to "building base stations", since it is the old business, the opportunity belongs to the giants who master the core technology, the strongest is the strongest, there is no opportunity to overflow.
2, operators: continue to purchase base stations on the upstream, downstream communications fees, the model remains unchanged, the opportunity is limited.
3, terminal: Samsung Huawei Apple are self-supporting root communication solutions, other brands have Qualcomm chips. The industry head has to get rid of Qualcomm to fly solo, other players as long as they are willing to pay Qualcomm tax, take the chip and baseband, the production of 5G phones is not difficult. In addition, the folding screen, camera innovation is just to sell more phones, the eight immortals, each showing their skills.
The first three centers, the pattern is unchanged, and the opportunities are limited. the biggest opportunity in the 5G era is in the fourth center - the application.
Schopenhauer said: human beings always take the boundaries within their sight as the boundaries of the world.
Imagine, in the 2G era, you can chat with WeChat, and in the 3G era, you can brush Jitterbug. Similarly, Europe and the United States is not because of the traditional so averse to mobile payment, but because the United States of America is a small area of 200,000 base stations, part of the geographical area of the signal, some signals to complete the payment takes 1 minute, or part of the network delay can not allow merchants to the first time to hear the "Alipay to the account of the 10 yuan," the lack of adequate communications coverage, the standard is not uniform, so it is difficult to promote the experience, so it is not. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal on a new product or service, and then you can get it back.
So what would be the application for tapping into the value of 5G?
If a person introduces 5G, the first description cited is "download a movie that takes only a few seconds", then this person has not grasped the focus of 5G.
In fact, in terms of transmission speeds, 4G is very adequate. 5G's biggest attraction is its low latency: from tens to hundreds of milliseconds in 4G, 5G's latency will drop to a few milliseconds. It's imperceptible to human senses, but for a car traveling at hundreds of miles per hour, commands to turn and brake are a real boon. 5G delivers the last piece of the puzzle for autonomous driving.
Then again, the most important and expensive components of a computer or cell phone are the processor (data processing) and the graphics card (image processing). As long as the latency reaches the desired level, it may be worthwhile to put the processing in the cloud, leaving only the screen (display) and keyboard (input), and wouldn't it be economical and powerful? By the PC and cell phone push and other intelligent products, the so-called Internet of Everything, is bound to set off a manufacturing revolution.
1G blank, 2G follow, 3G participation, 4G catch up. 5G synchronization. In this Prometheus for the earth to steal the fire general moment, China's aspiring and Western colleagues for the first time stood on the same starting line.
The past is like smoke. The sun is setting in the distance, and the horses are neighing.
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