Cao Xuequan?
(1573 ——1646), a Fujian official of the Ming Dynasty, was named Shi Cang. Twenty-three years of Wanli Jinshi. Awarded to the department head. Tired of moving to Guangxi to participate in the Senate. During the apocalypse, he cracked down on prisons and learned from the book An Introduction to unofficial history. In six years, he wrote unofficial history privately, confused the national seal and dismissed the people. Chongzhen was appointed as the deputy envoy of Guangxi at the beginning, but refused to give up. I have lived at home for 20 years and devoted myself to writing books. The establishment of Emperor Longwu of the Southern Ming Dynasty was a broken family uprising, and the official was the minister of rites. Qing soldiers entered Fujian and hanged themselves in the mountains. There are also "Ishikura Ji" and so on.
The life of the character
First idle post
Cao Xuequan was born in the second year of Wanli (1574) in a small vendor family in Tang Hong Township, Houguan County, Fuzhou City. Father Cao Jiqu made a living selling cakes, while his mother died young and his family was poor.
Cao Xuequan was eager to learn from an early age. He went to school in Changle and entered official school at the age of eighteen. After the 19th year of Wanli (159 1) and the 20th year of Wanli (1592), he returned to his hometown to marry Gong Yongqing's daughter. At that time, Gong Yongqing had resigned at home, and with the help of Gong Yongqing's relationship, Cao Xuequan was able to meet squire celebrities. In the winter of the 22nd year of Wanli (1594), I went to Beijing to prepare for the spring exam next year, and had the opportunity to communicate with many celebrities.
In the 23rd year of Wanli (1595), Cao Xuequan passed the B-level examination with 50 students. At the meeting, the director asked about the "car war" and replied: "I am from the south and I am not familiar with the car war. Please come and talk by boat. " Therefore, Chen Zhou's method of war is detailed. Examiner Zhang Wei was the first at first, but because he could not make an exception, he was changed to the tenth place, and he was the principal of the household registration department. After Zhang was dismissed from office, his protege dared not come to see him, so he took a lot of dry food to the dock to see him off. When he heard that he was in power, he picked up the remarks on the examination paper of the Cao Xuequan Association and dismissed them as "dangerous and strange". He was transferred to Zuosi Temple of Dali Temple in Nanjing as an idle post, and later served as a doctor of Nanjing Household Department. During his seven years in office, Cao Xuequan studied knowledge seriously.
Be illegally removed from office
In the thirty-seventh year of Wanli (1609), Cao Xuequan was appointed as the right political representative of Sichuan. At that time, there was a famine in Sichuan, and a factory was set up to cook porridge to help the hungry people, and a picture was drawn to report the famine. It was allowed to issue 3 million taels of relief money, which was "a special favor that Shu people had not seen for 300 years." In Sichuan, there are two kinds of taxes: bank tax is taken from business and tax is taken from people. After the famine, many people fled, and there was no income from taxes. Cao Xuequan used the tax surplus of previous years to offset this year's tax revenue, which saved the people from the pain of catching up with competition, while corrupt officials were resentful for not looking for opportunities. The King of Shu asked local officials to raise 702,000 yuan to repair the palace of the King of Shu destroyed by the fire, but Cao Xuequan's Regulations on Aid to Francisco refused. The roads in Sichuan are in danger. Cao Xuequan raised funds to repair many roads and bridges, which was welcomed by travelers.
In the thirty-ninth year of Wanli (16 1 1), Cao Xuequan was promoted to Sichuan provincial judge. In the forty-first year of Wanli (16 13), he was slandered by the king of Shu and dismissed. Shu people blocked the road and sent him away. That year, Cao Xuequan returned to his hometown and built a stone barn garden in his hometown of Tang Hong, where he collected thousands of books. Friends in the literary world are often invited to write poems and articles, talk about the present and discuss the past, and create a drama club "Confucian class" to make Fujian's Chinese style flourish.
In the second year of the Apocalypse (1622), Cao Xuequan was appointed as the right senator of Guangxi. Guilin imperial clan has always been arrogant and often has illegal actions. Cao Xuequan did not enforce the law. If the imperial clan violates the law, it shall be ordered to investigate and deal with it; He also personally enlightened the imperial clan many times, which made the imperial clan feel awe of the law. Some people rely on the imperial clan to privately cast coins, but Cao Xuequan severely arrested the culprit, and there was no leniency, so the wind of private casting gathered; The Bureau of Money engages in malpractices for personal gain, earning only $1,000 in two years, and $5,000 in one year after Cao Xuequan established a strict control system. There are many ethnic minorities in Guangxi, officials extort money, and the garrison is responsible for the supply of grain and wine, which often causes civil strife. Cao Xuequan strictly restrained the officials, moved the city to other places, and prohibited the garrison from harassing them. The situation soon recovered.
In the autumn of the sixth year of the Apocalypse (1626), Cao Xuequan was transferred to Shaanxi as the deputy deployment envoy, but he had not yet arrived, and suddenly changed. Liu Tingzhi, a party member in Wei Zhongxian, forcibly disintegrated the case in his book "A Brief Introduction to unofficial history", calling it "privately writing national history and confusing right and wrong". After being imprisoned for 70 days, Cao Xuequan was demoted to a common people, and the printed version of unofficial history Outline was destroyed.
In the early years of Chongzhen (1628 ~ 1644), Cao Xuequan was once again used as the deputy envoy of Guangxi, but he refused to give up. At that time, pirates were rampant along the coast of Fujian. Cao Xuequan suggested that the authorities should station troops in Meihua and Shuanggui at the mouth of Minjiang River, build bunkers and make up residents to jointly defend; It's another old story. The authorities adopted his suggestion and Haikou fled from there. Cao Xuequan is enthusiastic about public welfare undertakings in his hometown. He once raised funds to dredge the rivers and the West Lake inside and outside the city, and built three bridges in Hongshan, Wan 'an and Tongkou. The villagers felt their virtue and set up a shrine statue at the bridge head of Hongshan to worship.
The country was strangled.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng rebels invaded Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself. When Cao Xuequan heard the news, he jumped into the swimming pool and committed suicide. His family saved him. The following year, Zhu Wang of the Tang Dynasty ascended the throne in Fuzhou and changed to Longwu. After entering the meeting, he was named the minister of Taichang Temple, and soon he was transferred to the assistant minister and lecturer of bachelor's history. In order to compile "A Record of Chongzhen", it was added to the history of the Ministry of Rites and added to the Prince Taibao. At that time, everything in North Korea was decided by Cao Xuequan and Huang Daozhou.
In the second year of Longwu (1646), he strongly praised Emperor Longwu for personally recovering lost land. Because I was too old to work, I donated 22,000 yuan to help pay. In August of the same year, Emperor Long's personal expedition failed. When the Qing army entered Fujian, Zheng Zhilong was cleared. Emperor Long was captured on his way to Tingzhou and died of hunger strike. On September 17, the Qing army captured Fuzhou. The next day, Cao Xuequan bathed in fragrant soup, tidied up his clothes, hanged himself at Li's home in Xifeng, and left a pair of desperate couplets before he died: "A pen before death, a rope after death." Another story says that he hanged himself in Yongquan Temple in Gushan. After Cao Xuequan's death, his home was copied by the Qing army, his family was arrested and his books were taken away by the Qing army. Posthumous title, King of the State of Lu, was called "Wenzhong". In the 11th year of Qing Qianlong (1746), that is, one hundred years after Cao Xuequan's death, the Qing government recognized him as "Loyalty Festival".
Literary achievements
Cao Xuequan studied literature, poetry, geography, astronomy, Zen, temperament and a hundred schools of thought all his life. He is particularly good at poetry, and writing lyric poetry is his specialty. His private library has reached tens of thousands of volumes, and there is a catalogue of Han Zhuzhai's books. Xu Huobo wrote: "To all friends, Deng Yuanruo, Xie and Cao Shi all love books, while Cao Shi's library is full of pillows." In literature, He, Xu Huobo, Xie and others have made great achievements in poetry and prose, leading the literary world in central Fujian, which has been silent since the middle of the Ming Dynasty, and is regarded as the revival of Fujian in the late Ming Dynasty. His association with Li Zhi, Jiao Hong and other literati had a great influence on his thoughts. At the same time, he also accepted many Buddhist ideas. He unified the liberation of Buddhism with the spirit of Confucianism's entry into the WTO, so his thoughts were open. Although I have been in the officialdom for many years, my heart of fame is not too deep, and I pursue peace in my heart. Cao Xuequan, who was dismissed twice, lived in Shicang Garden and wrote books for 20 years. He once said: Buddhism has the treasure of Buddhism, Taoism has the treasure of Taoism, and Confucianism cannot be immune to it. Determined to cultivate Confucianism and Tibet. Therefore, it took 10 years to collect and sort out Sikuquanshu, and the manuscript died before it was finished.
He wrote more than 30 books in his life, including Selected Poems of Shi Kang's Twelve Generations. Seven volumes of Zhouyi Ke Shuo, ten volumes of Shu Zhuan Zhong Hui, six volumes of Questioning the Book of Songs, twelve volumes of Interpretation in the Spring and Autumn Period, three volumes of Interpretation in the Spring and Autumn Period, six volumes of Zhong Shu Characters, one hundred and ninety-eight volumes of Unified Records of Places of Interest, two volumes of Supplement to Shu Han Geography and four volumes of Interpretation of Shu County in Ancient and Modern Times. There are 888 volumes of Selected Poems of Twelve Dynasties in Shicang, 4 volumes of Selected Poems of Zhongshu and 49 volumes of Selected Poems of Song Dynasty, all of which are 1329. His works, such as The Story of the Stone, were lost because they were banned in the early Qing Dynasty. The famous works still circulating in the world include "Unification of Places of Interest" 198 Volume, "Selected Poems of Twelve Dynasties in Shihei" and so on. In addition, Fujian Normal University has Cao Dali's poems and poems 12 (incomplete), and Tokyo, Japan has the complete works of Mr. Cao Shineng 100.
Fujian was once the cradle of painters and calligraphers in the late Ming Dynasty, and Cao Xuequan ranked first among the "Top Ten Talents in Fujian" for his talent. It is said that Cao Xuequan's Song Zhentu hangs in the lobby of the "Seventy-two Peak Building" of Lin Zexu's Fuzhou Mansion. Step by step, wash the axis of spring poetry, write like flowing clouds, cadence, get the fashion of Jin and Tang dynasties, and show the gentleness and calmness of a gentleman.