About the character Liang:
The earliest meaning of the character Liang, used in the surname Liang, is closely linked to the construction of civil engineering. "Liang" is a small bridge over flowing water, and also a dam and weir for fishing. In Hancheng, Shaanxi Province, where the ancestors of the Liang surname lived, there are many "Liangshan" mountains shaped like bridges, with seven ditches and eight beams, and there is no mountain without a beam.
The Book of Songs, Volume VI, "Daya - Daming" said: "The boat is built as a beam, and does not show its light." The Guoyu - Zhouzhong" said: "September in addition to the road, October into the beam." The "beam" here is the bridge over the river, so its note cloud: "into the beam so convenient to the people, do not make the wading also." With a small bridge, people do not need to barefoot in the water, of course, to bring great convenience to the people. In addition to the meaning of bridge, the word "Liang" also means riverbank in ancient times. The city of Kaifeng, which is located on the old course of the Yellow River in Henan Province, was called "Da Liang" in history, and the reason why it was called so was not because there were big bridges here, but because there were many big short dams and weirs, which could be used to catch fish and satisfy people's appetite. In the second volume of the Book of Songs, "The Winds of the Valley", it is said, "Do not pass away my beams, do not catch my fish." The "beam" here is "fish beam", i.e., a short weir built near the river, where small fish like loaches could be caught with bamboo traps. Confucius had a student named "Liang (鱼+颤-页)". The name "channa" means small fish like loach and eel. Han Fei Zi - Inner Reserve, Volume 1, "Seven Arts": "Like snakes, silkworms like scorpions." Therefore, Confucius' students have to connect the characters "Liang" and "Channa" together to express their names.
There are short weirs for fishing on the old course of the Yellow River, but not in Xiayang, which is located on the Loess Plateau in the northwest. The main reason why the name Liang Bo was given in Xiayang is because there is a famous "Liang Shan" here. In Yugong, it is written that "Liang and Qi are ruled by Liang". In the sixth volume of the Classic of Poetry, "Daya - Han Yi", it reads "Liangshan Mountain, Weidian's". Liangshan belonged to the Tongzhou Prefecture in ancient times, that is, today's Hancheng City in Shaanxi Province.
There are five main sources of the surname Liang:
One is from the surname Ying, after the grandson of Emperor Zhuan Xu, Bo Yi.
According to the "Yuanhe Surname Codification", Ying Bo Yi passed to the sixteenth grandson Fei Zi, famous for good animal husbandry, King Xiao Wang of Zhou was very happy, so he sealed him in the valley of Qin as a vassal state, so that he resumed the name of win, known as the Qin win. His great-grandson, Qin Zhong, who was a doctor of King Xuan of Zhou, was killed in a campaign against the Western Rong. Qin Zhong's five sons, with the consent of King Xuan of Zhou, led an army of seven cadres to fight against Xirong again. They finally won the battle and restored the occupied territory. King Xuan of Zhou was so happy that he gave each of Qin Zhong's five sons a new official title, and his second son, Kang, was given the title of Liang Kang Bo in Liangshan Mountain of Xiyang (south of present-day Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province), and established the state of Lu, which he called Liang Kang Bo. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Liang Bo, a descendant of Liang Kang Bo, liked to build a lot of construction, and the common people could not bear the heavy labor and taxes and fled abroad. In the name of saving the people of Liang, Duke Mu of Qin attacked and destroyed Liang in 641 B.C. His descendants took the country as their clan and called themselves the Liang Clan, which was called the Liang Clan in history. It is the Liang family in Shaanxi.
"Shen Yinhou collection - Qi Zhenlin Temple Nie Jingxiu line" cloud: "Liang from the Shao Hao, to Bo Fei Zuo Yu water, given the surname win. At the time of King Xiao of Zhou, his sixteenth grandson, Fei Zi, was appointed to Qin. His great-grandson, Qin Zhong, was a vassal of King Xuan, and when King Ping moved to the east, he conferred his youngest son, Qin Zhong, with the title of Liang Bo. In the reign of Emperor Jingdi of Han Dynasty, Liang Lin was the governor of Taiyuan, and migrated to Wu in the northern part of the country, so he became a member of the county." From this, it can be seen that the Shaohao clan - Bo Fei - Fei Zi - Qin Zhong - Liang Bo, with their blood lineage inherited, formed the Liang surname in the Spring and Autumn Period to form the surname Liang. According to "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" and other myths and legends, the Shao Hao Clan was the leader of the legendary Eastern Barbarians tribe, with the name Zhi (一作质), and the name Jintian Clan. His mother's name was Huang'e, and his father was the son of the White Emperor, the Essence of Tai Bai. Once, the spirit of the White Emperor visited the earth, landed in the West China Sea, in the water on the side of the encounter with the flowery and moonlight Huang E. The two fell in love at first sight, each other. The two fell in love at first sight and loved each other, so they played wonderful games and beautiful music. They play to their heart's content, indulgent play, until the sunset, the evening sun, only to feel hungry and hungry. The two of them came to the forest to pick mulberries, quench their thirst and hunger. I did not expect the West Coast of the lone mulberry mulberry, leaf red mulberry purple, long live a real, after eating can live forever. After eating, two people to osmanthus tree for the table, knot Xun Mao for the flag, carved jade for the turtledove, placed on the table end, as an eternal memorial of adoration. Then, the two of them canoeing on the sea, "stroking the Tong Feng zither, singing the song of the Qing Yue", spent a period of flirtatious and romantic years. Soon after, Huang E became pregnant and gave birth to their love child, who was Shao Hao.
Shao Hao was able to listen to the language of birds and recognize the sounds of beasts, so he could talk freely with all kinds of beasts and tame livestock, and became a highly respected leader of the tribe. In the tribe where Shao Hao was the leader, people took the bird as their totem, named their officials after the bird, and set up Gongzheng and Nongzheng to manage handicrafts and agriculture.
The Shao Hao clan had eight sons, who were called "eight kai" by people in the world. The descendants of the "eight kai" were Gao Tao, whose son was Bo Fei. Bo Fei was "able to talk to the people and help Shun Yu to tame birds and animals, and Shun gave him the surname of Win". Bo Fei's descendant was Zhong Yan (仲衍), who looked like a bird with a human head, and served as the Xia Emperor's "Dawu Yu" (大戊御). Zhong Derived from Fei Zhong, who gave birth to Wolai and Jisheng. King Wu of Zhou crushed King Zhou of Shang and killed Wolai. Another son, Jisheng, succeeded to the name of Win, and gave birth to Zaofu, who worked as an official for King Mu of the Zhou Dynasty. When King Mu visited the West Sea, Xu Yan started a rebellion in the country. Zaofu led King Mu's army to crush Xu Yan by thousands of miles a day, and finally put down the rebellion. In recognition of his achievements, King Mu of Zhou conferred the title of "Zao Father" on him in the city of Zhao, and he became a member of the Zhao clan. Soon after Zhao City was defeated, he fled to Zhao and became a minister of Jin. This family name of Win, which changed its name to Zhao after the country, is the family line of King Wuling of Zhao.
Although Wulai died, he had a descendant, Fei Zi, who lived on. He inherited his ancestor's skill in taming livestock, and was made a marquis by King Xiao of Zhou. At that time, the mighty Western Zhou Dynasty was already at the end of its rope and its power was declining. Minorities took the opportunity to invade the borders of the Zhou Dynasty and plundered its wealth and population. In particular, the warlike and tough Xirong was a predatory, aggressive, burning and killing force, and became a major problem for the Western Zhou Dynasty.
In the midst of the national crisis, Qin Zhong, the great-grandson of Hou Bo Fei Zi, was appointed by King Xuan of the Zhou Dynasty as a Hou Bo, and took up the important task of defending his country, but it is a pity that Qin Zhong "died before he was ready to go on the expedition", and was killed as soon as he fought with the Xirong.
The good thing is that behind Qin Zhong there are five sons who can fight well, in order to avenge their father's death, they took the initiative to ask the Zhou royal family to lead the army to the west, eliminate the Tian Xijong, recover the lost territory, and relieve the country of the heart of the great danger. King Xuan of Zhou quickly approved the request of Qin Zhong's five sons, allocating them 7,000 good-bred war horses to counterattack the Xijong.
The five sons of Qin Zhong really did not let down King Xuan's hard work, and they fought bravely against the enemy, defeating the Western Rong, and their reputation spread far and wide. In order to recognize the great achievements of the five brothers, the Western Zhou Dynasty appointed Qin Zhong's eldest son as the Western Frontier Doctor, and appointed his second son, Qin Kang, as Liang Bo, with a fief in Liang Mountain, Xiyang (near present-day Hancheng City, Shaanxi Province), which was designated as Liang State. Liang Bo was very ambitious and often built palaces in his fief, causing the people to complain and suffer a lot. In 641 BC, Duke Mu of Qin attacked Liang with his army, and the state fell apart. Liang Bo's children and grandchildren, in memory of their ancestors, took Liang as their surname, forming the Liang Clan. Song Zhengqiao "Tongzhi" also believes that: "Liang, win the surname, the earl Bo Yi after the Qin Zhong, meritorious in the king of Zhou Ping, sealed his young son Kang in Xiayang Liangshan, now the same state county, there are still Xinli city. Xinli, Liang Bo city. The history of music: Xinli in Chengcheng, Xi nineteen years, Qin took it, the descendants of the country for the clan." This part of the Liang clan, in the later migrated to Hedong quite a lot.
The second is from the Ji surname
According to "Road History" and so on, the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Ping Wang has a son of Tang was sealed in the South Liang, the rule of Ru (now southwest of Ruzhou City, Henan Province), and was later merged with the Chu, its descendants to the country for the clan name Liang. Stabilized Liang's out of this. It is Henan Liang.
The potential husband theory - Zhi surname thirty-five "cloud:" "In the past, the Holy King viewed the image in the Qiankun, the degree of examination in the gods, to explore the name of the calendar of the go, the province of the group after the virtue of the industry, and give the name of the order of the family name." This shows that the family name is the king based on natural celestial phenomena, and the princes and sons of the special title, in recognition of their merits. "State language - Jin language" recorded: "Where the Yellow Emperor's son of twenty-five zong, its get the surname of fourteen, for twelve surnames. Ji, You, Qi, Ji, Teng, Zhen, Ren, Jian, Xi, Gou, Ingenious, Yi are also." The surname Ji was originally the surname of the Yellow Emperor, and only the first-born son of the Yellow Emperor was eligible to inherit the surname. Therefore, the two sons Xuan clamor and Chang Yi, born to Yellow Emperor's direct wife, Rayon, became the legitimate heirs of the surname Ji. Xuan clamor, also known as Qingyang, lived in the area of Jiangshui. Chang Yi lived in Ruoshui and married Chang Ma, a daughter of the Shu Shan clan, giving birth to the Gao Yang clan. The Gao Yang Clan was Zhuan Xu, who was born in Ruoshui and lived in Dijin (southeast of Puyang, Henan Province), where he served as an official of the Beizheng, mainly managing civil affairs. After the Gao Yang clan, the Western Zhou Dynasty was established at the end of the Shang Dynasty, and the feudal system was practiced, with the descendants of the Ji surname being divided into different parts of the Divine Kingdom. Ji Tang, the son of King Ping of Zhou, was sealed in Nanliang (the area of Longxi in present-day Gansu Province), and his descendants took Liang as their family name. Therefore, Shao Si, "Surname Explanation", "Guang Yun - Lu Guo Ji" are considered: Liang surname evolved directly from the Ji surname, is the authentic descendant of the Yellow Emperor's Hedong Zhi Liang clan - another Liang surname born and bred in the soil.
The third is the name of the Eup
According to the "Tongzhi - Clans" contained in the Spring and Autumn Jin have Liang Yier, Liang Hong, Liang Yuwu, because of the Jin have to solve the Liang city, high Liang, Qu Liang and other places, so the Eup for the family name. It is the Shanxi Liang family.
The Hedong Liang Clan also got its surname from the name of a place. "Jin has the city of Xie Liang, the land of Gao Liang and Qu Liang, and this is the one who named his family name after the eup." (Zheng Qiao, "Tongzhi") Therefore, some of the Liang characters before the creation of the Liang clan in Xiayang were Hedong Liangs. Liang Yuanyuan of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Liang Hong of the Spring and Autumn Period, Liang Yuwu, Liang Wu, Liang Infant Father, etc., all for the Hedong Liang, which can be proved from a variety of canonical records.
Liang Yuanyuan was the servant of King Xuanwang's Muzheng, who was able to tame all kinds of beasts, and was recruited by King Xuanwang to raise tigers and wolves in his garden, which were all tame. When King Xuan of Zhou asked Liang Yuang to teach him how to tame animals, Liang Yuang said, "I don't disobey the animals to make them angry, nor do I cater to their needs to make them happy; there is no obedience or disobedience in my heart, and the animals are regarded as of the same kind, and so they are able to communicate with each other." The implication is to convey to King Xuan of Zhou the strategy of ruling the country. When Liang Yuanyang was alive, the Xiayang Liang surname had not yet been formed, and this Liang figure living on the border zone of Qin and Jin, most of them were probably Jin people, and some of them came from Xiayang on the opposite side of the Yellow River.
These Liang figures from Jin were either scholars who gave advice or gallant men who led soldiers into battle, both civil and military, and were quite famous in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. There are two Liang Hong in Jin, one is the chariot officer of Duke Wu of Quwu, who defeated Marquis Ai of Jin on the shore of Fen Shui and captured Marquis Ai of Jin and Uncle Luan***, which happened in the spring of the third year of the Duke of Huan (709 B.C.). Another Liang Hong was a great physician of Duke Xiang. According to the Zuo Zhuan (左传), in the 33rd year of Duke Xi (627 B.C.), Qin's army crusaded against the state of Zheng, but was unsuccessful, so it went along with it, destroying Slip and returning to China. This move enraged the army of Jin, who mobilized their forces and crushed the Qin army, defeating them at Fright (west of present-day Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) and capturing Bailey Mengming, the son of Qin's prime minister Bailey Xi, which dealt a heavy blow to the Qin army.
Liang Yuwu was a great physician of the state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period. During the reign of Duke Xian, he followed Li Ke in his crusade against the Di people, and drove a chariot to defeat the Di people in Caisang (in modern-day Ning County, Shanxi Province). Liang Yuwu thought that the Di had no shame, and that it would be disastrous to let them go, so he should take advantage of the victory to pursue them and defeat them once and for all. However, Rick did not think so, and stopped the attack. Later on, the Di people did come back to invade Jin.
Because of the Hedong Liang family name people can fight, people phase out the general, famous, and later moved by the court to Gansu and Ningxia area, forming the most famous An Ding Wu Liang family name.
Fourth, from Wei, Wei Wenhou less son of Bi's descendants.
According to the "Tongzhi - clan cluck", the early years of the Warring States period, Zhao, Wei, Han, three countries after the division of the Jin Dynasty, 361 BC Wei Hui Wang moved the capital of Daliang (in today's Kaifeng City, Henan Province), from which the State of Wei is also known as the State of Liang, and after the Liang family. It is Henan Kaifeng Liang.
"Wei" is a vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The surname Ji was located in Ruicheng County, Shanxi Province, now. After Duke Xian of Jin conquered Wei, he changed it to the fiefdom of Bi Wan. Bi Wan's descendant, Wei Si, divided Jin with Han and Zhao and became a vassal, with the capital at Anyi (present-day Yuncheng, Shanxi Province) and the state name "Wei". To avoid the threat of Qin, Wei moved its capital to Daliang, also known as Liang. Daliang is today's Kaifeng, Henan Province. When Wei Wenhou's youngest son, Bi, ruled, the state of Wei was destroyed by Qin, and Bi's descendants took the state as their family name, forming the Kaifeng Liang family name.
V. Ethnic minorities changed their surnames to Liang
Xianbei
Wei Shu - Officials Zhi also said that the Northern Wei Dynasty Xianbei people have a family name of Bale, in the filial piety Emperor changed his surname was called Liang. From this, it can be seen that there are still some people with the surname Liang today who are descendants of the Bale clan of the Xianbei people in those days.
During the Wei, Jin, and North and South Dynasties, inside and outside the Great Wall in northern China, there were a lot of nomads living by the water and grass, of which the most representative undoubtedly have to be counted as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Capricorn, 氐, Qiang. Since the Xiongnu tribe intermarried with the royal family of Liu many times during the two Han dynasties, their descendants gave up their Hu surnames and changed to the Han Chinese surname Liu. Like Liu Yuan, Liu Cong and Liu Yao in the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, they were the Huns who changed their surname to Han. When Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty entered the Central Plains, he vigorously carried out the reform of Hanization, and a large number of Xianbei nobles began to speak Chinese, wear Chinese clothes, and take Chinese surnames. Higher status of the Xianbei people were given for the Yuan's, Changsun's, Mu's, Lu's, He's, Liu's, Lou's, J's, Yu's and other top ten noble surnames. The Baleilan, located in the north of Dai, was changed to the Liang surname during this sinicization activity. Therefore, Wang Qi "renewed literature general ko" that "Liang has two, after the Bo Yi, sealed in Liang, to the country as a clan. There was also the Baleilan who changed his name to Liang, the Wei surname." In this period, there are also part of the Hu people changed their surnames to Liang, such as Liang Guo'er and so on. During the Qing Dynasty, generations living in the Tieling area of the Manchu Liangjia clan and changed his surname to Liang, adding a lot of fresh blood to the Liang clan.
Mongols
In Ruyang County, Henan Province, Taotai Fort, where there is a distinctive Liang clan, they are the descendants of the Mongolian royal relatives evolved into a large family. The ancestors of this family for also first Timur, he is the Yuan Shizuizu Kublai's fifth son, his son and Keqi in the to Yuan 17 years (1280) hereditary father's title, served as the king of Yunnan, and later changed to the king of the camp, his daughter married to the Mongolian Shen Wang.
The first ancestor of the Ruyang Liang surname was Liang Biao, the second was Liang Zhi and Liang Zhong, the third was Liang Siam, the fourth was Liang Yu, and the fifth was Liang Cheng. Liang Cheng was once a lieutenant of Qiantang County in Zhejiang Province, and the Ming Dynasty granted him the title of Qiantang Lieutenant in charge of 100 households. He had three sons, the eldest son Liang Ming, the second son Liang Yong, and the third son Liang Jian.
Liang Ming, "Ming Foreign History" has a biography, the official to the West General, sealed Baoding Count. According to the "famous mountain hidden Xun Feng Ji" records: "Liang Ming, Ruyang people, heir to his father Yanshan guard hundred households, from the war of the Jingdan guards, cumulative merit for the Commander of the Governor's Office." In the first year of Hongxi (1425), he served as a senator general and went to the town of Ningxia, where he died soon after. Whether or not he served as a general of conquering the West, the official history does not contain.
Liang Ming's son, Liang Yao, inherited his father's title and served as a soldier in Jiaotong. In the 14th year of Zhengtong (1449), he served as a deputy general to suppress the peasant revolt initiated by Deng Maoqi, and was rewarded for his military achievements. However, he did not realize that the remnants of Deng Maoqi's men would rather die than give in and revolt again, which led to Liang Yao's demotion and punishment. In the second year of Jingtai (1451), Liang (Wang Fou) served as the "general of the barbarians", and went to Hunan and Guizhou to suppress the civil unrest of Wei Tonglie, and after three years of hard fighting, he was able to quell the civil unrest, and was thus promoted to the title of Marquis of the Flow, and was given the additional salary of 500 Shi Bo. In the first year of Tianshun (1457), Liang (Wang Fou) was promoted to the rank of general soldier and guarded Shaanxi, and he was also honored in the Liangzhou rebellion. Seven years later, he was recalled by the imperial court and was named Shihou, and upon his death, he was presented with the title of Duke of Li State. Liang Yao was in charge of military power for many times and never killed innocent people indiscriminately. His sons were all soldiers in the army, fighting in the north and the south, and they were awarded important positions by the court, but they all resigned and did not accept it, and they were highly praised by the people of the time.
Liang Cheng's second son, Liang Yong, later moved from Ruyang to Langzhong County, Bao'ning Province, Sichuan, where the formation of Langzhong Liang, Liang Cheng also moved to Sichuan with his son, Liang Cheng's partner, with his son, Liang Jian went to Jiangning.
Liang Jian was moved from Ruyang to Nanjing in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, when he lived in Gexian Township, Jiangning Province. Due to the rapid reproduction of the descendants, the population is prosperous, the Liang family lived in Shao Shang village, upward village, polyester mouth village, Hushu village and other four villages, of which Hushu village has the largest number of people, the most powerful.
Hushu part of the city in the south of eighty-nine miles Xu, out of the Jubao door, there is a small river can be reached, walking along the bank need to walk for a day. Here the terrain is flat, fertile land, especially suitable for rice and mulberry cultivation. Most of the population was mainly agricultural, and there were not too many people who studied and became officials. There is Liang Zhiren, which can be found in the canonical books. According to Ming Foreign History, "Liang Zhiren, a native of Nanjing, is a descendant of Hou Ming of Baoding. Wanli end, lifted in the countryside. Chongzhen six years, awarded the county of Hengyang, transferred to Luotian Yi. How Jiang Yulong communicated with the thieves, Zhiren arrested and imprisoned. Judas Long knew that he would die, and sneak guide Luo Rucai other school attacked the city. Zhiren together with the Secretary Shan Siren, instructor Wu Fenglai, instructor Lu Dashou, supervise the defense of the people. Has been and the city fell, Zhiren holding a spear lane battle, kill six thieves, force flexing was tied, so that kneeling, thieves anger, broken its limbs and burned. Wife Tang was forced, also cursed and killed. Siren, etc. also die without giving in." It can be seen, "Ming Foreign History - Liang Zhiren biography" mistakenly after Liang Jian, mistakenly as Liang Ming, but this also happens, proving that they must be Liang Cheng's descendants, living in Henan Ruyang. The descendants of Liang Ming later moved to Baoding, Hebei, and their descendants were Liang Fu, Liang Ren, Liang Yongfu, Liang Jifan, Liang Shixun, and Liang Tianchih.
By the twentieth generation of the Liang family, a branch of Liang Baoshan moved to Guilin, Guangxi, and on the way from Guilin to Hunan, the old man of the Liang family suffered from a disease on the way and died in the boat. Just when the Liang family was in a dilemma, they heard that there was a person surnamed Liang in the area, so they went to pay a visit. Upon inquiring, they found out that he was a brother of the same clan from Zunhua County, Baoding Province, and his name was Liang Zhujun. Liang Zhujun generously contributed money and land to help them bury the old man, whose funeral rites were as good as those of his family.
In the early years of Xianfeng, Hong Xiuquan and Yang Xiuqing launched the "Jintian Uprising" in Guangxi, and the Taiping Army attacked Guilin twice, which caused a great deal of panic in the Liang family, and everyone wanted to go to escape, and his great-grandfather refused to relocate. It so happened that Liang Chaozhi's children's relatives in Hunan Yongchuan County, so go to join the golden door, the golden door after the retirement, and Liang's family back to Changsha, and soon joined the Liang Zhujun, settled down in Xiangtan.
This branch of the Liang family, before and after the appearance of a jinshi 1 person, 9 people lifted, 21 people in the tribute monitor. There was 1 official of the third grade, 1 official of the fourth grade, 17 officials of the fifth grade and above, and 15 officials of the eighth grade and below. There are 2 old lifers over 90 years old, 8 old lifers over 80 years old, 20 old people over 70 years old and 31 old people over 60 years old.
Dangchang Qiang
The Qiangs are an ancient people, their ancestors are the descendants of the San Miao, and at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty, their ancestors used to follow King Wu of Zhou to crush the Shang Zhou. During the Han Dynasty, the Qiangs, such as the Xianzuo Qiang and the Yaodang Qiang, lived in the border areas of the Han Dynasty and were a constant nuisance to the mainland. They were mainly distributed in Jincheng, Huining, Anxiang, Xiping and other places, living by water and grass. The "Customs" said: "Qiang, its first Rong low, the main sheep, so Qiang word from sheep." Their customs are: "Clans are not fixed, or the father's name and mother's name for the species number, the wife of the mother, the widow's wife, such as the customs of the North Di, so the country has no widows and widowers, the species of the traditional weaving." The Guangzhi says: "Qiang and Beidi are the same; their people are dull, spare wives and concubines, have many children, and have dozens or hundreds of children." This special concept of fertility is undoubtedly a treasure for the Qiang, who live in a harsh environment, to produce offspring and continue their race.
The first ancestor of the Qiang surname Liang was Liang Le, who was born during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and was recorded as "Liang (Le Xin)" in the Northern History. According to the Book of the Zhou, "Liang Le" was a commander of the Qiang clan, and he had won the hearts of the Qiangs, and claimed to be the king of the country. Its boundary since the Qiu Chi to the west, east and west thousands of miles, with water to the south, north and south eight hundred miles, the land of many mountains, the Department of more than 20,000 fell, Le Sun Mi Hu began to pass to the latter Wei." Qiu Chi is located in Luogu Town, northwest of Cheng County, Gansu, and is an important place of residence for the Qiang Liang surname. It is known from historical records that his connection with the Central Plains began with Liang Le's grandson, Liang Yihu, and was maintained for nine generations. Later, Liang Qiding and Zheng Wuchou, a native of Weizhou, started a rebellion against the Central Plains regime. The imperial court then dispatched General Dou Lu Ning and Wang Yong to suppress the rebellion and pacify the Tangchang Qiang riots. In the first year of Baoding (561), Liang Yiding sent an envoy to contribute square objects and ask for peace. Soon after, he sent raw birds and beasts to curry favor with the Northern Zhou. In the fourth year of Baoding (564), Liang Yiding revolted again and invaded Taozhou. Li Xian, the governor of Taozhou, expelled them. A year later, Liang Yiding joined with the Tugukhun to invade Shimen, and Li Xian once again dealt a severe blow, expelling the Tangchang Qiang from the country. Liang Yiding's repeated intrusion, infuriated the Northern Zhou Emperor Yuwen Yong, who immediately dispatched General Tian Hong to lead the army to pursue the Tangchang Qiang, wiped out most of them, and changed their hometown to Tangzhou. In addition to a small part of this Liang surname for birds and beasts scattered, fled to the desert, settled down gradually be Hanization
In other Qiang tribes, there are also many Liang characters. According to the records of the Unified Genealogy of the Ten Thousand Surnames, "Liang览, word Jing (睿攵), a native of Jincheng, Wei, was a member of the Western Qiang tribe." His great-grandfather, Liang Mu, was a Qiang tribal leader, and because he dedicated the city of Huohan to the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was named Duke of Lintao by the Northern Wei Dynasty. His grandfather, Liang (Xianpai), was an official of the Shangshu and was named Duke of Nan'an. His father, Liang Zhao, served as an assassin of Hezhou and Huazhou, and was named as a minister of Xinyang. Liang Nuan himself was brave in battle and won many wars, and he was appointed as the Imperial Minister, and appointed as the Duke of Ande County.
The brothers Liang honestly and Liang Xi, who live in the Tianshui area of Gansu. Although they are ethnic minorities, but in the national integration of the Han people accepted the advanced culture, and become learned, brilliant world, celebrities. The people of the time proverb said: "Guandong Tangtang, two Shen two houses, not if two Liang, Qiongwen Qizhang."
According to the "pre-Qin Records" records: no shame for the pride of the clan "Liang honest, the word Bo Yan, Luoyang (now Gansu Tianshui), also known as the people of 氐, erudite and outstanding talent. Liang honestly was a scholarly and talented person. He worked as a writer for Jian, and then moved to the position of Minister of the Book of Changes." After Fu Jian's accession to the throne, Liang honestly became the general of Anyuan and the assassin of Youzhou, who was in charge of the town of Jicheng. It was not long before he was promoted to the position of minister.
Liang honest's younger brother, Liang Xi, was also a great writer, but his fame and official position were much lower than his elder brother's.
Liang honest's younger brother, Liang Xi, was also a great writer, but his fame and official position were much lower than his older brother.
氐族
氐族是西夷之別种，叫曰 "白马"，三代之际就建立国家制度。 Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, generations of people living in the Qilong area, and the origin of the Liang family is very close, so there are many Liang surnames in the tribe.
Liang Pinglao, a native of Lueyang, was a man of clear and sensitive talents, and had the talent of a king. Fu Jian appreciated him very much and devoted himself to him, and soon became a close friend. When Fu Sheng was the emperor, he was extravagant and extravagant, and sang songs with wine. When he was drunk, he often used wine to go crazy and killed people indiscriminately, which made everyone in the imperial court and the military ministers in danger. Liang Ping Lao, who was then serving as the chief minister of the imperial court, had a sense of justice. He first went to Fu Jian to discuss the matter and decided to execute Fu Sheng to get rid of the harm for the country. Liang Pinglao said, "One day in the imperial court is like ten years. The Lord has lost his virtue, and the people are harboring different aspirations. The two parties, Yan and Jin, are waiting for the gap to move, and I am afraid that when the disaster occurs, the country will all die; this is your highness's business, and you should do it as soon as possible." Fu Jian thought Liang Ping Lao had a point, so he agreed to his course of action and looked for an opportunity to execute Fu Sheng. When Fu Jian took the throne, Liang Ping Lao was promoted to the position of Left Servant of the Shangshu and served as the ambassador with full powers to oversee the military operations of the Northern Fan armies, and was later promoted to the position of General of Zhenbei, with the addition of the Third Secretary of the Kaifu Yitong Department, and the title of Marquis of Shuofang. Jianyuan eight years (372 years) in November, Liang Ping old disease, died, posthumous name "Huan". Liang Ping Lao in the town more than ten years, Xianbei, Xiongnu to him is both fear and love, respect and distance. His son, Liang Cheng, served as a general of the central base, assassin of Yanzhou and assassin of Jingzhou, in charge of military affairs in Jingzhou and Yangzhou. Later on, he led the Southern Barbarian Defense Lieutenant with 10,000 troops to defend Xiangyang. Soon after, he was transferred to the post of General of the Guards, and was stationed at Luojian. After the failure of the Battle of Huainan, Liang Cheng was killed by the generals of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Liang Guo'er, a general of the Later Qin Dynasty, belonged to an unknown ethnic group, and was known as the "Western Hu People", meaning the minority people of the Western region. Liang Gu'er was a strong and powerful general who was good at riding and archery, and served as the general of Zhenbei under Yao Jang. Liang Guo Er was a general of Zhenbei under Yao Jang. He was a fierce and courageous warrior who fought with Yao Jang in all the battles and made countless achievements in the wars, and he was honored with the title of Marquis of Pingxing, and was promoted to the position of Servant of the Imperial Household. Liang Guo'er was loyal and simple, and had the habit of not sticking to the petty rules of the ethnic minorities. He once built a tomb for himself in Pingliang. From time to time, he led his wives and concubines to the tomb to drink wine and have fun, and when he drank to his heart's content, he stood up to the spirit bed and sang loudly, and the people at that time might take this as a joke and ridicule Liang Gu'er to his face, but he did not take it as a matter of fact. Because of his cheerful, unrestrained, has been living more than eighty years old died.
Migration history of the surname Liang
Liang surname in the Jin Dynasty before the concentration of reproduction in the northern parts of the country, and to the northwest as the main distribution area. At the time of the Qin and Han dynasties, the Liang family name was scattered in Hedong (now belonging to Shanxi), and when Emperor Jingdi of the Han Dynasty, there was Liang Lin for the Taiyuan governor. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the Liangs moved from Hedong to Beidi (present-day Yaoxian and Fuping areas in Shaanxi). At the time of Emperor Ping of the Han Dynasty, the descendants of the Liang surname had been divided into two branches: one residing in Anding (present-day eastern Gansu and most of Ningxia); and one residing in Fufeng (present-day western Guanzhong area of Shaanxi). Liang surname southward migration is the Western Jin Dynasty "Yongjia rebellion" time, there Liang Fang to clan with the Jin River, then a large number of breeding in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province), Hepu (now belongs to the Guangdong Hepu) between, and then Liang Ya open base in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, Fujian, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangdong, is the originator of the. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Liang surname had a new development in the south. At the end of the Song Dynasty, because of the Jin soldiers into the Central Plains, until the Mongolian army to the south, the Liang family name again southward, to the Yuan, Ming Liang family name in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang has developed into a large family, and all over the country.
The Liang family name in Hong Kong is generally from Panyu, Xinhui, Shunde and Nanhai in Guangdong; the Liang family name in Taiwan is generally from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian. According to statistics, before 1946, 80% of Taiwanese came from Fujian, with Zhangzhou and Quanzhou people being the most numerous. After the defeat of the Kuomintang in Taiwan, the Han Chinese population in Taiwan rose sharply, accounting for about 89% of the island's population.
Migration
As far back as the Western Han Dynasty, there were Han Chinese and Han surnames in Joseon, which was known as "Lelang County". During the Sui and Tang dynasties, as Emperor Yang's three conquests of Goryeo ended in failure, a large number of Han Chinese remained in Goryeo as captives, including a portion of the population with the surname Liang. In 892 A.D., there was a peasant uprising in Silla, and the leader of the uprising was a Silla man named Liang Ji. He was a member of the local rich family in Sogyeong, Bukwon (present-day Wonju, Gangwon Province), and was dissatisfied with the reality of the society, so he took the opportunity to start a peasant revolt. He trusted Bongseo, a monk of noble birth, to lead an attack on Jiuquan County in Minju, and Bongseo utilized his power to recruit and expand his power, and declared himself independent in 897. Yang-gil led an attack on Gong-yu, and the two sides fought a decisive battle at the city of Baechung, in which Yang-gil was defeated and killed. To this day, there are still many people with the name of Ryong living in North and South Korea, and table tennis player Ryong Young-ja and industrialist Ryong Ok-kyung are world-famous people with the name of Ryong.
Vietnam, anciently known as Annam and Jiao-toe, had a lot of interaction with China in history, and the connection was very close, and there were many people with the surname Liang living here. For example, one of the leaders of the armed uprising against the French in Taiyuan, Vietnam in 1917 was Leong Ngoc Huyen. Originally a Vietnamese student in Japan, Leong Ngoc Huy was graduated from the Zhen Wu School in Japan, and later joined the Quang Fu Society in Vietnam. He was arrested by the British authorities in Hong Kong in 1915 for his revolutionary activities. In 1915, he was arrested by the British authorities in Hong Kong for his revolutionary activities. After his release from prison, Leong Ngoc Loi, together with Zheng Wen Gung, started a soldiers' uprising in 1917 and occupied the city of Taiyuan. Due to the power disparity between the two sides, the uprising failed and Liang Yuhui was honorably killed.
The United States, from 1943 to 1965, *** to accept the Chinese 66,145 people, of which only 137 people surnamed Liang. 1965, the United States supplemented the revision of the immigration law, the number of Chinese people in the United States increased significantly, to 1980, the number of Chinese in the United States has reached 806,040 people. From 1981 to 1990, the number of Chinese jumped from 800,000 to 1,645,000, accounting for about 6% of the U.S. population, of which the number of people with the surname Liang was not recorded.
In Canada, the number of Chinese has grown rapidly since the implementation of the new immigration regulations in 1967.In 1967, there were 79,000 Chinese in the whole of Canada***, and in 1991, the number increased to 586,000, of which 250,000 were in Toronto and 150,000 were in Vancouver. From 1858, the first batch of Guangdong Chinese workers arrived in Canada, a large number of Guangdong people began their trip to the Americas, especially from the Guangdong Taishan, Kaiping, Xinhui, Enping "four yups" the largest number of people, accounting for about 78.5% of the total number of Chinese, mainly engaged in the food and drink, groceries, real estate, service industry.