-From where?
Huang Chao's The Last Happiness in Tang Dynasty
-Original works
Waiting for September 8 of the lunar autumn,
Blooming chrysanthemums are in full bloom, Chang 'an is fragrant, the city is bathed in the fragrance of chrysanthemums-Italy, and the land is like golden chrysanthemums.
-translation of works.
When the Double Ninth Festival comes in autumn and September, chrysanthemums will bloom and other flowers will wither.
The fragrance of chrysanthemums in full bloom permeates the whole Chang 'an city, and chrysanthemums are everywhere as golden as armor.
-related instructions.
No: at the end of the imperial examination.
September 8 th: September 9 th is the Double Ninth Festival, and there is a custom of climbing mountains and enjoying chrysanthemums.
Killing: vegetation withers. Lv Chunqiu Yingtong: "When you arrive, God will not kill plants in autumn and winter."
Golden armor: refers to the chrysanthemum-shaped golden armor.
-Creative background.
According to the records of this poem quoted in Lang Ying's Seven Manuscripts in Ming Dynasty, this poem was written by Huang Chao after his last visit. Before the uprising, Huang Chao went to the capital Chang 'an to take the imperial examination, but he was not admitted. The failure of the imperial examination, the darkness of the whole society and the corruption of official management made him more and more dissatisfied with the Li and Tang dynasties. After failing in the exam, he wrote this song "Happy Residence" with great pride.
-Appreciation of works.
According to the records of this poem quoted in Lang Ying's Seven Manuscripts in Ming Dynasty, this poem was written by Huang Chao after his last visit. Before the uprising, Huang Chao went to the capital Chang 'an to take the imperial examination, but he was not admitted. The failure of the imperial examination, the darkness of the whole society and the corruption of official management made him more and more dissatisfied with the Li and Tang dynasties. After failing in the exam, he wrote this song "Happy Residence" with great pride.
This poem was written by Huang Chao, the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. This poem gives chrysanthemum a heroic style and noble character by metaphor, regards chrysanthemum as a symbol of the oppressed people, and refers to the reactionary and decadent feudal ruling group with flowers, vividly showing the resolute and firm spirit of the peasant uprising leader. The whole poem is magnificent, with novel metaphor, strange imagination, magnificent artistic conception and magnificent spirit.
"Until September 8 in Qiu Lai" means that the Double Ninth Festival has not yet arrived, and poets will write poems in the distance to celebrate. The word "Liu" is abrupt, it "suddenly rings like firecrackers", which has a sharp and strong charm and some meaning of looking forward to it soon. On the day before the Double Ninth Festival, the poet wrote "September 8" as "September 9" from the surging poetry flow, which not only rhymed, but also revealed a feeling of urgently calling for an early uprising storm.
On the one hand, "I Blossom and Hundred Flowers Kill" shows readers the irresistible laws of nature, and the strong contrast between the blooming of Jinjuao frost and the withering of flowers in the frost shows the tenacious vitality of chrysanthemum. On the other hand, it implies that once the peasants revolted in storm warning, the corrupt Tang Dynasty would immediately become a dead branch like a hundred flowers in the frost.
The third and fourth sentences, "Tianxiang pervades Chang 'an, and the city is full of golden flowers", are the foresight and expectation of the victory prospect of chrysanthemum. The third sentence says, "Tianxiang pervades Chang 'an". This fragrance is not fragrant, not delicate, but "tianxiang". The word "soaring into the sky" describes the extraordinary momentum of chrysanthemum with rich aroma and soaring into the sky; The word "incense array" shows that when Jin Ju won, it was by no means a separate branch, but a group that was all proud, which contained a simple and profound concept of peace in the world; The word "head" also shows the enterprising spirit of chrysanthemum, which is refreshing, fragrant and cosmopolitan.
"The city is full of golden flowers" and "the city is full of chrysanthemums, all over Kyoto; "Bring the capital" means that all chrysanthemums in Chang 'an are full of golden flowers without exception. Wearing golden armor, standing in the rustling west wind, resisting frost and half cold, proudly blooming, how heroic! How handsome! Moreover, a "full" city is "full", like a cloud, reflecting the sky; Like a fire, it burned all over Chang 'an! What is sung and shaped here is not a chrysanthemum, but a "gathering of heroes" of chrysanthemums.
This poem takes chrysanthemum as the theme to express one's ambition and express one's feelings through things. By depicting the image of chrysanthemum and praising its mighty spirit, it shows the heroic spirit of the author waiting for an opportunity to change the world. When the "Double Ninth Festival" of the peasant uprising came, didn't the feudal ruling class completely lose its reputation and wither like those "flowers blossom"? When the mighty insurgents entered Chang 'an, the soldiers in military uniforms were not as dazzling and majestic as the chrysanthemums in the city. This chrysanthemum poem is a tribute to the hero of peasant uprising in feudal society. Although the poem is only four short sentences, it not only writes the spirit of chrysanthemum, but also writes the shape of chrysanthemum, which has both form and spirit; Not only did he write that the chrysanthemum was fragrant, but he also wrote that the chrysanthemum was full of color and taste, and the image was very distinct. The language is simple, magnificent and full of inspiring power.
-About the author-
Huang Chao (820-884), a native of Cao Zhou (now southwest of Heze), was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Tang Dynasty. Huang Chao was born in a salt merchant family. He is good at riding and shooting, good at pen and ink, and poetic. Huang Chao was able to write poetry at the age of five, and he tried many times as an adult. One year before the Wang Xianzhi Uprising, there was a great drought in Kanto, and officials forced the people to pay rent and take official positions. The people were cornered, gathered around Huang Chao, and had many armed conflicts with Tang Ting officials. 1February 13, soldiers marched into Chang 'an, proclaimed themselves emperor in the Han and Yuan Dynasties Hall, and established the Jin Dynasty system of the Yuan Dynasty, thus granting amnesty to the whole world. On June 15th, the fourth year of Zhonghe (884), Huang Chao was defeated by the dead wolf and tiger valley. In the early years of Zhao Zongtian, Huang Chao's nephew Huang Hao led the remnants to continue fighting. In Hunan, the peasant uprising ended in the late Tang Dynasty.